我們以一個最簡單的例子來完成這個需求:定義一個注解EnableContentService,使用了這個注解的程序會自動注入ContentService這個bean。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(ContentConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableContentService {}public interface ContentService {void doSomething();
}public class SimpleContentService implements ContentService {@Overridepublic void doSomething() {System.out.println("do some simple things");}
}
然后在應用程序的入口加上@EnableContentService注解。
這樣的話,ContentService就被注入進來了。 SpringBoot也就是用這個完成的。只不過它用了更加高級點的ImportSelector。
ImportSelector的使用
用了ImportSelector之后,我們可以在Annotation上添加一些屬性,然后根據屬性的不同加載不同的bean。
我們在@EnableContentService注解添加屬性policy,同時Import一個Selector。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(ContentImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableContentService {String policy() default "simple";
}
這個ContentImportSelector根據EnableContentService注解里的policy加載不同的bean。
public class ContentImportSelector implements ImportSelector {@Overridepublic String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {Class<?> annotationType = EnableContentService.class;AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(annotationType.getName(), false));String policy = attributes.getString("policy");if ("core".equals(policy)) {return new String[] { CoreContentConfiguration.class.getName() };} else {return new String[] { SimpleContentConfiguration.class.getName() };}}}
CoreContentService和CoreContentConfiguration如下:
public class CoreContentService implements ContentService {@Overridepublic void doSomething() {System.out.println("do some import things");}
}public class CoreContentConfiguration {@Beanpublic ContentService contentService() {return new CoreContentService();}
}
這樣的話,如果在@EnableContentService注解的policy中使用core的話,應用程序會自動加載CoreContentService,否則會加載SimpleContentService。
ImportSelector在SpringBoot中的使用
SpringBoot里的ImportSelector是通過SpringBoot提供的@EnableAutoConfiguration這個注解里完成的。
這個@EnableAutoConfiguration注解可以顯式地調用,否則它會在@SpringBootApplication注解中隱式地被調用。
@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中使用了EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector作為ImportSelector。下面這段代碼就是EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector中進行選擇的具體代碼:
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {try {AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(metadata);List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(metadata,attributes);configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); // 刪除重復的配置Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(metadata, attributes); // 去掉需要exclude的配置configurations.removeAll(exclusions);configurations = sort(configurations); // 排序recordWithConditionEvaluationReport(configurations, exclusions);return configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);}catch (IOException ex) {throw new IllegalStateException(ex);}
}
其中getCandidateConfigurations方法將獲取配置類:
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,AnnotationAttributes attributes) {return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
}
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法會根據FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION這個靜態變量從所有的jar包中讀取META-INF/spring.factories文件信息:
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();try {Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {URL url = urls.nextElement();Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName); // 只會過濾出key為factoryClassNames的值result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));}return result;}catch (IOException ex) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +"] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);}
}
getCandidateConfigurations方法中的getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass方法返回的是EnableAutoConfiguration.class,所以會過濾出key為org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的值。
下面這段配置代碼就是autoconfigure這個jar包里的spring.factories文件的一部分內容(有個key為org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration,所以會得到這些AutoConfiguration):
# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
當然了,這些AutoConfiguration不是所有都會加載的,會根據AutoConfiguration上的@ConditionalOnClass等條件判斷是否加載。
上面這個例子說的讀取properties文件的時候只會過濾出key為org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的值。
SpringBoot內部還有一些其他的key用于過濾得到需要加載的類:
-
org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener
-
org.springframework.beans.BeanInfoFactory
-
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer
-
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener
-
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener
-
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor
-
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader