以hello-world為例，演示步驟和注意事項

1、新建ESP-IDF項目

選擇模板

從hello-world模板創建

2、打開項目

3、編譯結果沒錯

正在執行任務: /home/azhu/.espressif/python_env/idf5.1_py3.10_env/bin/python /home/azhu/esp/v5.1/esp-idf/tools/idf_size.py /home/azhu/ESP32/test/use_componet/build/use_componet.map Total sizes:
Used static DRAM:   10664 bytes ( 170072 remain, 5.9% used).data size:    8472 bytes.bss  size:    2192 bytes
Used static IRAM:   48958 bytes (  82114 remain, 37.4% used).text size:   47931 bytes.vectors size:    1027 bytes
Used Flash size :  118107 bytes.text:   80723 bytes.rodata:   37128 bytes
Total image size:  175537 bytes (.bin may be pa

4、燒寫運行

 '/home/azhu/.espressif/python_env/idf5.1_py3.10_env/bin/python' '/home/azhu/esp/v5.1/esp-idf/tools/idf_monitor.py' -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200 --toolchain-prefix xtensa-esp32-elf- --target esp32 '/home/azhu/ESP32/test/use_componet/build/use_componet.elf'
--- esp-idf-monitor 1.5.0 on /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
--- Quit: Ctrl+] | Menu: Ctrl+T | Help: Ctrl+T followed by Ctrl+H
ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46rst:0x1 (POWERON_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee
clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00
mode:DIO, clock div:2
load:0x3fff0030,len:7128
load:0x40078000,len:15624
load:0x40080400,len:4
--- 0x40080400: _init at ??:?load:0x40080404,len:3876
entry 0x4008064c
I (29) boot: ESP-IDF v5.1.5-346-g41a885bb2d 2nd stage bootloader
I (29) boot: compile time Dec 24 2024 14:24:47
I (31) boot: Multicore bootloader
I (35) boot: chip revision: v3.0
I (39) boot.esp32: SPI Speed      : 40MHz
I (43) boot.esp32: SPI Mode       : DIO
I (48) boot.esp32: SPI Flash Size : 2MB
I (52) boot: Enabling RNG early entropy source...
I (58) boot: Partition Table:
I (61) boot: ## Label            Usage          Type ST Offset   Length
I (69) boot:  0 nvs              WiFi data        01 02 00009000 00006000
I (76) boot:  1 phy_init         RF data          01 01 0000f000 00001000
I (84) boot:  2 factory          factory app      00 00 00010000 00100000
I (91) boot: End of partition table
I (95) esp_image: segment 0: paddr=00010020 vaddr=3f400020 size=09208h ( 37384) map
I (117) esp_image: segment 1: paddr=00019230 vaddr=3ffb0000 size=02118h (  8472) load
I (121) esp_image: segment 2: paddr=0001b350 vaddr=40080000 size=04cc8h ( 19656) load
I (131) esp_image: segment 3: paddr=00020020 vaddr=400d0020 size=13b54h ( 80724) map
I (161) esp_image: segment 4: paddr=00033b7c vaddr=40084cc8 size=07278h ( 29304) load
I (179) boot: Loaded app from partition at offset 0x10000
I (179) boot: Disabling RNG early entropy source...
I (191) cpu_start: Multicore app
I (192) cpu_start: Pro cpu up.
I (192) cpu_start: Starting app cpu, entry point is 0x400810f4
--- 0x400810f4: call_start_cpu1 at /home/azhu/esp/v5.1/esp-idf/components/esp_system/port/cpu_start.c:160I (0) cpu_start: App cpu up.
I (209) cpu_start: Pro cpu start user code
I (209) cpu_start: cpu freq: 160000000 Hz
I (209) cpu_start: Application information:
I (214) cpu_start: Project name:     use_componet
I (219) cpu_start: App version:      1
I (224) cpu_start: Compile time:     Dec 24 2024 14:24:22
I (230) cpu_start: ELF file SHA256:  7a0e0699229a74e2...
I (236) cpu_start: ESP-IDF:          v5.1.5-346-g41a885bb2d
I (242) cpu_start: Min chip rev:     v0.0
I (247) cpu_start: Max chip rev:     v3.99 
I (252) cpu_start: Chip rev:         v3.0
I (257) heap_init: Initializing. RAM available for dynamic allocation:
I (264) heap_init: At 3FFAE6E0 len 00001920 (6 KiB): DRAM
I (270) heap_init: At 3FFB29A8 len 0002D658 (181 KiB): DRAM
I (276) heap_init: At 3FFE0440 len 00003AE0 (14 KiB): D/IRAM
I (282) heap_init: At 3FFE4350 len 0001BCB0 (111 KiB): D/IRAM
I (289) heap_init: At 4008BF40 len 000140C0 (80 KiB): IRAM
I (296) spi_flash: detected chip: gd
I (299) spi_flash: flash io: dio
W (303) spi_flash: Detected size(4096k) larger than the size in the binary image header(2048k). Using the size in the binary image header.
I (317) app_start: Starting scheduler on CPU0
I (321) app_start: Starting scheduler on CPU1
I (321) main_task: Started on CPU0
I (331) main_task: Calling app_main()
Hello world!
This is esp32 chip with 2 CPU core(s), WiFi/BTBLE, silicon revision v3.0, 2MB external flash
Minimum free heap size: 301172 bytes
Restarting in 10 seconds...

5、添加組件，功能為再輸出一行文字

COMMAND->Create ESP-IDF Compontent

最上方輸入自己的組件名稱然后回車，這里輸入?mycomp

ESP-IDF自動創建compontents文件夾，然后在下面有mycomp文件夾，里面有mycomp.c，include/mycomp.h

編寫代碼，mycomp.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "mycomp.h"void func(void)
{printf("call by mycomp\n");
}

main/hello_world_main.c，只加兩行

......
#include "esp_flash.h"
#include "mycomp.h"        //addvoid app_main(void)
{......printf("Restarting now.\n");func();                //addfflush(stdout);

6、再次編譯，不出意外的話，一定報錯：

 ............../use_componet/main/hello_world_main.c
/home/azhu/ESP32/test/use_componet/main/hello_world_main.c:14:10: fatal error: mycomp.h: No such file or directory14 | #include "mycomp.h"|          ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

7、關鍵要點！

原因是main沒有包含自己寫的組件，或者說依賴，把main/CMakeLists.txt修改為

idf_component_register(SRCS "hello_world_main.c"INCLUDE_DIRS "")
改成如下：idf_component_register(SRCS "main.c"INCLUDE_DIRS ""PRIV_REQUIRES mycomp)

再編譯，錯誤變了

/use_componet/main/hello_world_main.c:13:10: fatal error: esp_flash.h: No such file or directory13 | #include "esp_flash.h"|          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
[902/910] Building C object esp-id...provisioning.dir/src/manager.c.obj
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

繼續修改main/CMakeLists.txt，右鍵點#include "esp_flash.h"，然后轉到定義，可以看到esp_flash.h位于esp_flash模塊，所以加上spi_flash組件

idf_component_register(SRCS "hello_world_main.c"INCLUDE_DIRS ""PRIV_REQUIRES spi_flash mycomp)

所有的include都有組件支持了，編譯無錯，運行后可以看到輸出了?call by mycomp

I (331) main_task: Calling app_main()
Hello world!
This is esp32 chip with 2 CPU core(s), WiFi/BTBLE, silicon revision v3.0, 2MB external flash
Minimum free heap size: 301172 bytes
Restarting in 10 seconds...
......
Restarting in 0 seconds...
Restarting now.
call by mycomp
ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46rst:0xc (SW_CPU_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
.....

8、如果自己的組件中不止一個源文件怎么辦，方法是編輯組件根下的CMakeLists.txt，這里示例為components/mycomp/CMakeLists.txt，有兩個方法可以組織源文件和頭文件

file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES *.c */*.c)set(include_dirs """include"
)
idf_component_register(SRCS ${SOURCES}INCLUDE_DIRS ${include_dirs})# idf_component_register(SRCS "mycomp.c" "mycomp2.c"
#                     INCLUDE_DIRS "include")

這里簡單示例，mycomp2.c和mycomp.c功能差不多，最后在主程序func();后面加了行func2();

運行結果：

I (331) main_task: Calling app_main()
Hello world!
This is esp32 chip with 2 CPU core(s), WiFi/BTBLE, silicon revision v3.0, 2MB external flash
Minimum free heap size: 301172 bytes
Restarting in 10 seconds...
....
Restarting in 0 seconds...
Restarting now.
call by mycomp
call by mycomp---2
ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46

9、小結

如果main模塊編譯出錯，需要編輯同級CMakeLists.txt，如果組件編譯出錯，也要編輯同級CMakeLists.txt

如果需要，執行COMMAND->Full Clean