幾何數據：vao和vbo
材質程序：vs和fs(頂點著色器和片元著色器)
接下來只需要告訴GPU，使用幾何數據和材質程序來進行繪制。

#include <glad/glad.h>//glad必須在glfw頭文件之前包含
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>void frameBufferSizeCallbakc(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
void glfwKeyCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods)
{
}GLuint program = 0;
GLuint vao = 0;
void prepareInterleavedBuffer() {//1 準備好Interleaved數據（位置+顏色）float vertices[] = {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f};//2 創建唯一的vboGLuint vbo = 0;glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//3 創建并綁定vaoglGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);glBindVertexArray(vao);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);//4 為vao加入位置和顏色的描述信息//4.1 位置描述信息glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);//4.2 顏色描述信息glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));//5 掃尾工作：解綁當前vaoglBindVertexArray(0);
}
void prepareVAOForGLTriangles() {//1 準備positionsfloat positions[] = {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,0.8f,  0.8f, 0.0f,0.8f,  0.0f, 0.0f};//2  posVboGLuint posVbo;glGenBuffers(1, &posVbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(positions), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//3 生成vao并且綁定glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);glBindVertexArray(vao);//4 描述位置屬性glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void prepareShader() {//1 完成vs與fs的源代碼，并且裝入字符串const char* vertexShaderSource ="#version 330 core\n""layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n""}\0";const char* fragmentShaderSource ="#version 330 core\n""out vec4 FragColor;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n""}\n\0";//2 創建Shader程序（vs、fs）GLuint vertex, fragment;vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);//3 為shader程序輸入shader代碼glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);int success = 0;char infoLog[1024];//4 執行shader代碼編譯 glCompileShader(vertex);//檢查vertex編譯結果glGetShaderiv(vertex, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetShaderInfoLog(vertex, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER COMPILE ERROR --VERTEX" << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}glCompileShader(fragment);//檢查fragment編譯結果glGetShaderiv(fragment, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetShaderInfoLog(fragment, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER COMPILE ERROR --FRAGMENT" << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}//5 創建一個Program殼子program = glCreateProgram();//6 將vs與fs編譯好的結果放到program這個殼子里glAttachShader(program, vertex);glAttachShader(program, fragment);//7 執行program的鏈接操作，形成最終可執行shader程序glLinkProgram(program);//檢查鏈接錯誤glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER LINK ERROR " << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}//清理glDeleteShader(vertex);glDeleteShader(fragment);
}void render()
{//執行opengl畫布清理操作glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//1.綁定當前的programglUseProgram(program);//2 綁定當前的vaoglBindVertexArray(vao);//3 發出繪制指令glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);}int main()
{//初始化glfw環境glfwInit();//設置opengl主版本號glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);//設置opengl次版本號glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);//設置opengl啟用核心模式glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);//創建窗體對象GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "lenarnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);//設置當前窗體對象為opengl的繪制舞臺glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);//窗體大小回調glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, frameBufferSizeCallbakc);//鍵盤相應回調glfwSetKeyCallback(window, glfwKeyCallback);//使用glad加載所有當前版本opengl的函數if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){std::cout << "初始化glad失敗" << std::endl;return -1;};//設置opengl視口大小和清理顏色glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);//著色器prepareShader();//vaoprepareInterleavedBuffer();//執行窗體循環while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){//接受并分發窗體消息//檢查消息隊列是否有需要處理的鼠標、鍵盤等消息//如果有的話就將消息批量處理，清空隊列glfwPollEvents();//渲染操作render();//切換雙緩存glfwSwapBuffers(window);}//推出程序前做相關清理glfwTerminate();return 0;
}

glUseProgram:設置使用的shader程序
glBindVertexArray:綁定使用的VAO幾何信息

glDrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);

mode：繪制模式
first：從第幾個頂點數據開始繪制
count：繪制到第幾個頂點數據