前言
零基礎1小時快速入門pytest自動化測試教程，全套項目框架實戰
pytest配置文件可以改變pytest的運行方式，它是一個固定的文件pytest.ini文件，讀取配置信息，按指定的方式去運行
非test文件
pytest里面有些文件是非test文件
- pytest.ini：pytest的主配置文件，可以改變pytest的默認行為
- conftest.py：測試用例的一些fixture配置
- _init_.py：識別該文件夾為python的package包
查看pytest.ini的配置選項
cmd執行
pytest --help
找到這部分內容
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:markers (linelist): markers for test functionsempty_parameter_set_mark (string):default marker for empty parametersetsnorecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursiontestpaths (args): directories to search for tests when no files or directories are given in the command line.usefixtures (args): list of default fixtures to be used with this projectpython_files (args): glob-style file patterns for Python test module discoverypython_classes (args):prefixes or glob names for Python test class discoverypython_functions (args):prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discoverydisable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):disable string escape non-ascii characters, might cause unwanted side effects(use at your ownrisk)console_output_style (string):console output: "classic", or with additional progress information ("progress" (percentage) |"count").xfail_strict (bool): default for the strict parameter of xfail markers when not given explicitly (default: False)enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cachefiles.junit_suite_name (string):Test suite name for JUnit reportjunit_logging (string):Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|alljunit_log_passing_tests (bool):Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit report:junit_duration_report (string):Duration time to report: one of total|calljunit_family (string):Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2doctest_optionflags (args):option flags for doctestsdoctest_encoding (string):encoding used for doctest filescache_dir (string): cache directory path.filterwarnings (linelist):Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after -W/--pythonwarnings.log_print (bool): default value for --no-print-logslog_level (string): default value for --log-levellog_format (string): default value for --log-formatlog_date_format (string):default value for --log-date-formatlog_cli (bool): enable log display during test run (also known as "live logging").log_cli_level (string):default value for --log-cli-levellog_cli_format (string):default value for --log-cli-formatlog_cli_date_format (string):default value for --log-cli-date-formatlog_file (string): default value for --log-filelog_file_level (string):default value for --log-file-levellog_file_format (string):default value for --log-file-formatlog_file_date_format (string):default value for --log-file-date-formatlog_auto_indent (string):default value for --log-auto-indentfaulthandler_timeout (string):Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish. Notavailable on Windows.addopts (args): extra command line optionsminversion (string): minimally required pytest versionrsyncdirs (pathlist): list of (relative) paths to be rsynced for remote distributed testing.rsyncignore (pathlist):list of (relative) glob-style paths to be ignored for rsyncing.looponfailroots (pathlist):directories to check for changes
pytest.ini應該放哪里？
就放在項目根目錄下 ，不要亂放，不要亂起其他名字
接下來講下常用的配置項
marks
作用：測試用例中添加了?@pytest.mark.webtest?裝飾器，如果不添加marks選項的話，就會報warnings
格式：list列表類型
寫法：
[pytest] markers =weibo: this is weibo pagetoutiao: toutiaoxinlang: xinlang
xfail_strict
作用：設置xfail_strict = True可以讓那些標記為@pytest.mark.xfail但實際通過顯示XPASS的測試用例被報告為失敗
格式：True 、False（默認），1、0
寫法：
[pytest]# mark標記說明 markers =weibo: this is weibo pagetoutiao: toutiaoxinlang: xinlangxfail_strict = True
具體代碼栗子
未設置?xfail_strict = True?時，測試結果顯示XPASS
@pytest.mark.xfail() def test_case1():a = "a"b = "b"assert a != b
collecting ... collected 1 item
02斷言異常.py::test_case1 XPASS [100%]
============================= 1 xpassed in 0.02s ==============================
已設置?xfail_strict = True?時，測試結果顯示failed
collecting ... collected 1 item02斷言異常.py::test_case1 FAILED [100%] 02斷言異常.py:54 (test_case1) [XPASS(strict)] ================================== FAILURES =================================== _________________________________ test_case1 __________________________________ [XPASS(strict)] =========================== short test summary info =========================== FAILED 02斷言異常.py::test_case1 ============================== 1 failed in 0.02s ==============================
addopts
作用：addopts參數可以更改默認命令行選項，這個當我們在cmd輸入一堆指令去執行用例的時候，就可以用該參數代替了，省去重復性的敲命令工作
比如：想測試完生成報告，失敗重跑兩次，一共運行兩次，通過分布式去測試，如果在cmd中寫的話，命令會很長
pytest -v --rerun=2 --count=2 --html=report.html --self-contained-html -n=auto
每次都這樣敲不太現實，addopts就可以完美解決這個問題
[pytest]# mark markers =weibo: this is weibo pagetoutiao: toutiaoxinlang: xinlangxfail_strict = True# 命令行參數 addopts = -v --reruns=1 --count=2 --html=reports.html --self-contained-html -n=auto
加了addopts之后，我們在cmd中只需要敲pytest就可以生效了！！
log_cli
作用：控制臺實時輸出日志
格式：log_cli=True 或False（默認），或者log_cli=1 或 0
log_cli=0的運行結果
log_cli=1的運行結果
結論
很明顯，加了log_cli=1之后，可以清晰看到哪個package下的哪個module下的哪個測試用例是否passed還是failed；
所以平時測試代碼是否有問題的情況下推薦加！！！但如果拿去批量跑測試用例的話不建議加，誰知道會不會影響運行性能呢？
norecursedirs
作用：pytest?收集測試用例時，會遞歸遍歷所有子目錄，包括某些你明知道沒必要遍歷的目錄，遇到這種情況，可以使用?norecursedirs 參數簡化?pytest?的搜索工作【還是挺有用的！！！】
默認設置：?norecursedirs = .* build dist CVS _darcs {arch} *.egg?
正確寫法：多個路徑用空格隔開
[pytest]norecursedirs = .* build dist CVS _darcs {arch} *.egg venv src resources log report util
更改測試用例收集規則
pytest默認的測試用例收集規則
- 文件名以 test_*.py 文件和?*_test.py
- 以??test_ 開頭的函數
- 以??Test 開頭的類，不能包含 __init__ 方法
- 以??test_?開頭的類里面的方法
我們是可以修改或者添加這個用例收集規則的；當然啦，是建議在原有的規則上添加的，如下配置
[pytest]python_files = test_* *_test test* python_classes = Test* test* python_functions = test_* test*
)
