debian11 ubuntu24 armbian24 apt install pure-ftpd被動模式的正確配置方法
安裝方法請看：https://www.itbulu.com/pure-ftpd.html
疑難問題解決
原本以為配置很簡單的，無非是修改 ForcePassiveIP MinUID PassivePortRange PureDB這幾個配置項就行了，然而問題并不那個簡單。
我們先看看原本的配置文件，應該是 /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf吧，我們來看看里面有啥配置參數。
############################################################
# #
# Configuration file for pure-ftpd #
# #
############################################################# If you want to run Pure-FTPd with this configuration
# instead of command-line options, please run the
# following command :
#
# ${exec_prefix}/sbin/sbin/pure-ftpd /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf
#
# Online documentation:
# https://www.pureftpd.org/project/pure-ftpd/doc# Restrict users to their home directoryChrootEveryone yes# If the previous option is set to "no", members of the following group
# won't be restricted. Others will be. If you don't want chroot()ing anyone,
# just comment out ChrootEveryone and TrustedGID.# TrustedGID 100# Turn on compatibility hacks for broken clientsBrokenClientsCompatibility no# Maximum number of simultaneous usersMaxClientsNumber 50# Run as a background processDaemonize yes# Maximum number of simultaneous clients with the same IP addressMaxClientsPerIP 8# If you want to log all client commands, set this to "yes".
# This directive can be specified twice to also log server responses.VerboseLog no# List dot-files even when the client doesn't send "-a".DisplayDotFiles yes# Disallow authenticated users - Act only as a public FTP server.AnonymousOnly no# Disallow anonymous connections. Only accept authenticated users.NoAnonymous no# Syslog facility (auth, authpriv, daemon, ftp, security, user, local*)
# The default facility is "ftp". "none" disables logging.SyslogFacility ftp# Display fortune cookies# FortunesFile /usr/share/fortune/zippy# Don't resolve host names in log files. Recommended unless you trust
# reverse host names, and don't care about DNS resolution being possibly slow.DontResolve yes# Maximum idle time in minutes (default = 15 minutes)MaxIdleTime 15# LDAP configuration file (see README.LDAP)# LDAPConfigFile /etc/pureftpd-ldap.conf# MySQL configuration file (see README.MySQL)# MySQLConfigFile /etc/pureftpd-mysql.conf# PostgreSQL configuration file (see README.PGSQL)# PGSQLConfigFile /etc/pureftpd-pgsql.conf# PureDB user database (see README.Virtual-Users)# PureDB /etc/pureftpd.pdb# Path to pure-authd socket (see README.Authentication-Modules)# ExtAuth /var/run/ftpd.sock# If you want to enable PAM authentication, uncomment the following line# PAMAuthentication yes# If you want simple Unix (/etc/passwd) authentication, uncomment this# UnixAuthentication yes# Please note that LDAPConfigFile, MySQLConfigFile, PAMAuthentication and
# UnixAuthentication can be used specified once, but can be combined
# together. For instance, if you use MySQLConfigFile, then UnixAuthentication,
# the SQL server will be used first. If the SQL authentication fails because the
# user wasn't found, a new attempt will be done using system authentication.
# If the SQL authentication fails because the password didn't match, the
# authentication chain stops here. Authentication methods are chained in
# the order they are given.# 'ls' recursion limits. The first argument is the maximum number of
# files to be displayed. The second one is the max subdirectories depth.LimitRecursion 10000 8# Are anonymous users allowed to create new directories?AnonymousCanCreateDirs no# If the system load is greater than the given value, anonymous users
# aren't allowed to download.MaxLoad 4# Port range for passive connections - keep it as broad as possible.#PassivePortRange 50000 55000# Force an IP address in PASV/EPSV replies. - for NAT.
# Symbolic host names are also accepted for gateways with dynamic IP
# addresses.#ForcePassiveIP 192.168.0.1# Upload/download ratio for anonymous users.# AnonymousRatio 1 10# Upload/download ratio for all users.
# This directive supersedes the previous one.# UserRatio 1 10# Disallow downloads of files owned by the "ftp" system user;
# files that were uploaded but not validated by a local admin.AntiWarez yes# IP address/port to listen to (default=all IP addresses, port 21).# Bind 127.0.0.1,21# Maximum bandwidth for anonymous users in KB/s# AnonymousBandwidth 8# Maximum bandwidth for *all* users (including anonymous) in KB/s
# Use AnonymousBandwidth *or* UserBandwidth, not both.# UserBandwidth 8# File creation mask. <umask for files>:<umask for dirs> .
# 177:077 if you feel paranoid.Umask 133:022# Minimum UID for an authenticated user to log in.
# For example, a value of 100 prevents all users whose user id is below
# 100 from logging in. If you want "root" to be able to log in, use 0.MinUID 100# Allow FXP transfers for authenticated users.AllowUserFXP no# Allow anonymous FXP for anonymous and non-anonymous users.AllowAnonymousFXP no# Users can't delete/write files starting with a dot ('.')
# even if they own them. But if TrustedGID is enabled, that group
# will exceptionally have access to dot-files.ProhibitDotFilesWrite no# Prohibit *reading* of files starting with a dot (.history, .ssh...)ProhibitDotFilesRead no# Don't overwrite files. When a file whose name already exist is uploaded,
# it gets automatically renamed to file.1, file.2, file.3, ...AutoRename no# Prevent anonymous users from uploading new files (no = upload is allowed)AnonymousCantUpload no# Only connections to this specific IP address are allowed to be
# non-anonymous. You can use this directive to open several public IPs for
# anonymous FTP, and keep a private firewalled IP for remote administration.
# You can also only allow a non-routable local IP (such as 10.x.x.x) for
# authenticated users, and run a public anon-only FTP server on another IP.# TrustedIP 10.1.1.1# To add the PID to log entries, uncomment the following line.# LogPID yes# Create an additional log file with transfers logged in a Apache-like format :
# fw.c9x.org - jedi [13/Apr/2017:19:36:39] "GET /ftp/linux.tar.bz2" 200 21809338
# This log file can then be processed by common HTTP traffic analyzers.# AltLog clf:/var/log/pureftpd.log# Create an additional log file with transfers logged in a format optimized
# for statistic reports.# AltLog stats:/var/log/pureftpd.log# Create an additional log file with transfers logged in the standard W3C
# format (compatible with many HTTP log analyzers)# AltLog w3c:/var/log/pureftpd.log# Disallow the CHMOD command. Users cannot change perms of their own files.# NoChmod yes# Allow users to resume/upload files, but *NOT* to delete them.# KeepAllFiles yes# Automatically create home directories if they are missing# CreateHomeDir yes# Enable virtual quotas. The first value is the max number of files.
# The second value is the maximum size, in megabytes.
# So 1000:10 limits every user to 1000 files and 10 MB.# Quota 1000:10# If your pure-ftpd has been compiled with standalone support, you can change
# the location of the pid file. The default is /var/run/pure-ftpd.pid# PIDFile /var/run/pure-ftpd.pid# If your pure-ftpd has been compiled with pure-uploadscript support,
# this will make pure-ftpd write info about new uploads to
# /var/run/pure-ftpd.upload.pipe so pure-uploadscript can read it and
# spawn a script to handle the upload.
# Don't enable this option if you don't actually use pure-uploadscript.# CallUploadScript yes# This option is useful on servers where anonymous upload is
# allowed. When the partition is more that percententage full,
# new uploads are disallowed.MaxDiskUsage 99# Set to 'yes' to prevent users from renaming files.# NoRename yes# Be 'customer proof': forbids common customer mistakes such as
# 'chmod 0 public_html', that are valid, but can cause customers to
# unintentionally shoot themselves in the foot.CustomerProof yes# Per-user concurrency limits. Will only work if the FTP server has
# been compiled with --with-peruserlimits.
# Format is: <max sessions per user>:<max anonymous sessions>
# For example, 3:20 means that an authenticated user can have up to 3 active
# sessions, and that up to 20 anonymous sessions are allowed.# PerUserLimits 3:20# When a file is uploaded and there was already a previous version of the file
# with the same name, the old file will neither get removed nor truncated.
# The file will be stored under a temporary name and once the upload is
# complete, it will be atomically renamed. For example, when a large PHP
# script is being uploaded, the web server will keep serving the old version and
# later switch to the new one as soon as the full file will have been
# transferred. This option is incompatible with virtual quotas.# NoTruncate yes# This option accepts three values:
# 0: disable SSL/TLS encryption layer (default).
# 1: accept both cleartext and encrypted sessions.
# 2: refuse connections that don't use the TLS security mechanism,
# including anonymous sessions.
# Do _not_ uncomment this blindly. Double check that:
# 1) The server has been compiled with TLS support (--with-tls),
# 2) A valid certificate is in place,
# 3) Only compatible clients will log in.# TLS 1# Cipher suite for TLS sessions.
# The default suite is secure and setting this property is usually
# only required to *lower* the security to cope with legacy clients.
# Prefix with -C: in order to require valid client certificates.
# If -C: is used, make sure that clients' public keys are present on
# the server.# TLSCipherSuite HIGH# Certificate file, for TLS
# The certificate itself and the keys can be bundled into the same
# file or split into two files.
# CertFile is for a cert+key bundle, CertFileAndKey for separate files.
# Use only one of these.# CertFile /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
# CertFileAndKey "/etc/pure-ftpd.pem" "/etc/pure-ftpd.key"# Unix socket of the external certificate handler, for TLS# ExtCert /var/run/ftpd-certs.sock# Listen only to IPv4 addresses in standalone mode (ie. disable IPv6)
# By default, both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled.# IPV4Only yes# Listen only to IPv6 addresses in standalone mode (i.e. disable IPv4)
# By default, both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled.# IPV6Only yes# Append the content of another file, if the file exists.
# If the file doesn't exist, the directive is ignored.
# More files can be recursively included.# Include additional_configuration.conf
用被動模式
用systemctl start pure-ftpd
在windows上用winscp連接
報錯開始：
監測到超時！ (數據連接)
無法獲得目錄列表
列出'/'的目錄項時出錯。
這是因為被動端口被防火墻阻止了，配置文件修改以下項PassivePortRange：
# Port range for passive connections - keep it as broad as possible.PassivePortRange 50000 55000
再打開防火墻新入站TCP 端口50000/55000，允許這個端口范圍可入。
緊接著，下列表錯誤一直存在，無法解決
Server sent passive reply with unroutable address 172.16.0.33, using host address instead.
監測到超時！ (數據連接)
無法獲得目錄列表
列出'/'的目錄項時出錯。
把配置文件中的ForcePassiveIP改成公網的地址58.179.xxx.xxx
# Force an IP address in PASV/EPSV replies. - for NAT.
# Symbolic host names are also accepted for gateways with dynamic IP
# addresses.
ForcePassiveIP 58.179.XXX.XXX
問題依然存在
經過無數次試驗，終于發現，/etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf這個配置文件根本沒有生效，新的配置項被移動到了 /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/文件夾下。
于是用
echo "50000 55000" > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/PassivePortRange
echo "58.179.XXX.XXX" > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/ForcePassiveIP
systemctl restart pure-ftpd
新建相關配置項文件后，重啟，再用winscp連接，終于正常了。
關于ddns，動態公網IP配置
再看看配置說明
# Force an IP address in PASV/EPSV replies. - for NAT.
# Symbolic host names are also accepted for gateways with dynamic IP
# addresses.
ForcePassiveIP 58.179.XXX.XXX
也可以用域名。
echo "www.xxxxx.com" > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/ForcePassiveIP
systemctl restart pure-ftpd
如果wan口的地址是動態的，ForcePassiveIP可用動態域名，然后再端口轉發21->21及50000/55000到pure-ftpd主機即可。
為什么不用主動模式
區別我就不說了，主動模式在大批量刪除或傳輸數據時會不時中斷，親測被動模式沒有這個問題。
