什么是CBCT

放射科影像是醫學軟件必不可少的一部分，對影像的顯示、編輯、處理等操作更是重點。在多種放射科影像中，CBCT是關鍵的一環。CBCT全稱為口腔頜面錐形束CT，其工作原理是通過錐形X射線束圍繞患者頭部旋轉掃描，結合計算機算法生成高分辨率的三維圖像。

CBCT在口腔醫學中幾乎覆蓋所有亞專科：
?種植牙：評估頜骨密度、神經管位置，輔助種植體定位和手術導板設計。
?正畸與阻生牙：觀察牙齒排列、埋伏牙位置及與周圍組織關系，減少拔牙風險。
?牙體牙髓治療：診斷復雜根管、根裂及根尖病變，提高治療精確性。
?頜面外科：用于腫瘤、骨折的術前評估及術后效果監測。
?顳下頜關節：清晰顯示關節結構異常，輔助診斷關節紊亂病。>

CBCT技術路線

使用第三方工具

有不少工具可以實現CBCT效果，例如：Slicer。

使用Python實現

使用pydicom結合mpl_toolkits實現三維展示。

使用前端實現

使用VTK.js、Three.js及WebAssembly 實現。

方案	技術	適用場景	優缺點
VTK.js	WebGL + VTK	醫學影像可視化（CT/MRI）	高質量、原生支持 Volume Rendering，但數據轉換復雜
Three.js + 3D 紋理	WebGL + Shader	一般 3D 可視化	兼容性好，適合前端開發，但醫學精度低
WebAssembly + 醫學引擎	WASM	專業醫學影像	專業級醫學軟件，性能強，但開發難度大

純前端實現方案優缺點

?類別	?優點	?缺點
?性能與成本	1. 低服務器依賴，節省硬件和維護成本。 2. 實時交互，響應延遲低。	1. 瀏覽器內存限制大，可能崩潰。 2. 低端設備GPU性能不足，導致渲染卡頓。
?數據隱私	1. 數據無需上傳服務器，符合隱私法規（如HIPAA）。 2. 離線緩存支持斷網使用。	1. 數據預處理依賴后端，可能需臨時暴露敏感信息。
?功能與兼容性	1. 支持基礎三維操作（旋轉、縮放、剖面切割）。	1. 復雜算法（如深度學習分割）難以實現。 2. 瀏覽器兼容性有限（如舊版Safari）。
?開發與部署	1. 部署便捷，前端靜態資源可托管至CDN。 2. 適合輕量級應用（教育、預覽）。	1. 大規模數據加載耗時（如全頭顱CBCT）。 2. 需額外優化壓縮和分塊加載邏輯。

使用VolView實現CBCT

VolView是一款基于VTK.js的開源醫學影像瀏覽器，支持在網頁端直接拖拽加載DICOM數據并生成2D切片及3D電影級體渲染視圖，提供標注、測量等工具，所有數據均在本地處理，確保隱私安全。無需安裝軟件，可跨平臺使用，適用于臨床診斷與科研教育。

官網：https://volview.kitware.com/

關于VolView的介紹可以參考視頻：

VolView的使用

1.克隆代碼

GitHub地址：https://github.com/Kitware/VolView

2.配置依賴

npm i

3.運行

npm run dev

4.效果

注：點擊左側可以在線加載演示數據，也可以點擊右側上傳本地dicom影像文件。

進階：VolView配合Python解決卡頓

上文我們提到，基于vtk.js的純前端CBCT解決方案，雖然能不依賴其他第三方軟件的情況下顯示出我們需要的效果，但它對性能的高要求導致打開前端的電腦必須有較高的GPU配置，否則將異常卡頓。

此處給出思路：

由于卡頓主要是三維顯示導致，其代碼需實時計算得出三維效果，導致瀏覽器卡頓。要解決卡頓，我們就需要解決三維顯示問題。

我們可以將VolView的三維渲染部分替換為server端Python生成stl文件。

1.修改VtkThreeView.vue

去除原有渲染三維的組件，改為我們自定義的新組件： <Custom3DView />。

全部代碼如下：

<template><div class="vtk-container-wrapper vtk-three-container"><div class="vtk-container" :class="active ? 'active' : ''"><!-- 此處是繪制3D重建的地方 start--><div class="vtk-sub-container"><!-- <divclass="vtk-view"ref="vtkContainerRef"data-testid="vtk-view vtk-three-view"></div> --><Custom3DView /></div><!-- 此處是繪制3D重建的地方 end --><div class="overlay-no-events tool-layer"><crop-tool :view-id="viewID" /><pan-tool :viewId="viewID" /></div><view-overlay-grid class="overlay-no-events view-annotations"><template v-slot:top-left><div class="annotation-cell"><v-btnclass="pointer-events-all"darkiconsize="medium"variant="text"@click="resetCamera"><v-icon size="medium" class="py-1">mdi-camera-flip-outline</v-icon><v-tooltiplocation="right"activator="parent"transition="slide-x-transition">Reset Camera</v-tooltip></v-btn><span class="ml-3">{{ topLeftLabel }}</span></div></template></view-overlay-grid><transition name="loading"><div v-if="isImageLoading" class="overlay-no-events loading"><div>Loading the image</div><div><v-progress-circular indeterminate color="blue" /></div></div></transition></div></div>
</template><script lang="ts">
import {computed,defineComponent,onBeforeUnmount,onMounted,PropType,provide,ref,toRefs,watch,Ref,nextTick,
} from 'vue';
import { computedWithControl } from '@vueuse/core';
import { vec3 } from 'gl-matrix';import vtkVolumeRepresentationProxy from '@kitware/vtk.js/Proxy/Representations/VolumeRepresentationProxy';
import { Mode as LookupTableProxyMode } from '@kitware/vtk.js/Proxy/Core/LookupTableProxy';
import vtkPiecewiseFunctionProxy from '@kitware/vtk.js/Proxy/Core/PiecewiseFunctionProxy';
import vtkVolumeMapper from '@kitware/vtk.js/Rendering/Core/VolumeMapper';
import vtkImageData from '@kitware/vtk.js/Common/DataModel/ImageData';
import { getDiagonalLength } from '@kitware/vtk.js/Common/DataModel/BoundingBox';
import type { Vector3 } from '@kitware/vtk.js/types';import { useProxyManager } from '@/src/composables/useProxyManager';
import ViewOverlayGrid from '@/src/components/ViewOverlayGrid.vue';
import { useResizeObserver } from '../composables/useResizeObserver';
import { useCurrentImage } from '../composables/useCurrentImage';
import { useCameraOrientation } from '../composables/useCameraOrientation';
import vtkLPSView3DProxy from '../vtk/LPSView3DProxy';
import { useSceneBuilder } from '../composables/useSceneBuilder';
import { usePersistCameraConfig } from '../composables/usePersistCameraConfig';
import { useModelStore } from '../store/datasets-models';
import { LPSAxisDir } from '../types/lps';
import { useViewProxy } from '../composables/useViewProxy';
import { ViewProxyType } from '../core/proxies';
import { VolumeColorConfig } from '../store/view-configs/types';
import useVolumeColoringStore, {DEFAULT_AMBIENT,DEFAULT_DIFFUSE,DEFAULT_SPECULAR,
} from '../store/view-configs/volume-coloring';
import { getShiftedOpacityFromPreset } from '../utils/vtk-helpers';
import CropTool from './tools/crop/CropTool.vue';
import PanTool from './tools/PanTool.vue';
import { useWidgetManager } from '../composables/useWidgetManager';
import { VTKThreeViewWidgetManager } from '../constants';
import { useCropStore, croppingPlanesEqual } from '../store/tools/crop';
import { isViewAnimating } from '../composables/isViewAnimating';
import { ColoringConfig } from '../types/views';
import useViewCameraStore from '../store/view-configs/camera';
import { Maybe } from '../types';
import { useResetViewsEvents } from './tools/ResetViews.vue';
import Custom3DView from '@/src/components/Custom3DView.vue';function useCvrEffect(config: Ref<Maybe<VolumeColorConfig>>,imageRep: Ref<vtkVolumeRepresentationProxy | null>,viewProxy: Ref<vtkLPSView3DProxy>
) {const cvrParams = computed(() => config.value?.cvr);const repMapper = computedWithControl(imageRep,() => imageRep.value?.getMapper() as vtkVolumeMapper | undefined);const image = computedWithControl(imageRep,() => imageRep.value?.getInputDataSet() as vtkImageData | null | undefined);const volume = computedWithControl(imageRep,() => imageRep.value?.getVolumes()[0]);const renderer = computed(() => viewProxy.value.getRenderer());const isAnimating = isViewAnimating(viewProxy);const cvrEnabled = computed(() => {const enabled = !!cvrParams.value?.enabled;const animating = isAnimating.value;return enabled && !animating;});const requestRender = () => {if (!isAnimating.value) {viewProxy.value.renderLater();}};// lightsconst volumeCenter = computed(() => {if (!volume.value) return null;const volumeBounds = volume.value.getBounds();return [(volumeBounds[0] + volumeBounds[1]) / 2,(volumeBounds[2] + volumeBounds[3]) / 2,(volumeBounds[4] + volumeBounds[5]) / 2,] as Vector3;});const lightFollowsCamera = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.lightFollowsCamera ?? true);watch([volumeCenter, renderer, cvrEnabled, lightFollowsCamera],([center, ren, enabled, lightFollowsCamera_]) => {if (!center) return;if (ren.getLights().length === 0) {ren.createLight();}const light = ren.getLights()[0];if (enabled) {light.setFocalPoint(...center);light.setColor(1, 1, 1);light.setIntensity(1);light.setConeAngle(90);light.setPositional(true);ren.setTwoSidedLighting(false);if (lightFollowsCamera_) {light.setLightTypeToHeadLight();ren.updateLightsGeometryToFollowCamera();} else {light.setLightTypeToSceneLight();}} else {light.setPositional(false);}requestRender();},{ immediate: true });// sampling distanceconst volumeQuality = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.volumeQuality);watch([volume, image, repMapper, volumeQuality, cvrEnabled, isAnimating],([volume_, image_, mapper, volumeQuality_, enabled, animating]) => {if (!volume_ || !mapper || volumeQuality_ == null || !image_) return;if (animating) {mapper.setSampleDistance(0.75);mapper.setMaximumSamplesPerRay(1000);mapper.setGlobalIlluminationReach(0);mapper.setComputeNormalFromOpacity(false);} else {const dims = image_.getDimensions();const spacing = image_.getSpacing();const spatialDiagonal = vec3.length(vec3.fromValues(dims[0] * spacing[0],dims[1] * spacing[1],dims[2] * spacing[2]));// Use the average spacing for sampling by defaultlet sampleDistance = spacing.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / 3.0;// Adjust the volume sampling by the quality slider valuesampleDistance /= volumeQuality_ > 1 ? 0.5 * volumeQuality_ ** 2 : 1.0;const samplesPerRay = spatialDiagonal / sampleDistance + 1;mapper.setMaximumSamplesPerRay(samplesPerRay);mapper.setSampleDistance(sampleDistance);// Adjust the global illumination reach by volume quality slidermapper.setGlobalIlluminationReach(enabled ? 0.25 * volumeQuality_ : 0);mapper.setComputeNormalFromOpacity(!enabled && volumeQuality_ > 2);}requestRender();},{ immediate: true });// volume propertiesconst ambient = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.ambient ?? 0);const diffuse = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.diffuse ?? 0);const specular = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.specular ?? 0);watch([volume, image, ambient, diffuse, specular, cvrEnabled],([volume_, image_, ambient_, diffuse_, specular_, enabled]) => {if (!volume_ || !image_) return;const property = volume_.getProperty();property.setScalarOpacityUnitDistance(0,(0.5 * getDiagonalLength(image_.getBounds())) /Math.max(...image_.getDimensions()));property.setShade(true);property.setUseGradientOpacity(0, !enabled);property.setGradientOpacityMinimumValue(0, 0.0);const dataRange = image_.getPointData().getScalars().getRange();property.setGradientOpacityMaximumValue(0,(dataRange[1] - dataRange[0]) * 0.01);property.setGradientOpacityMinimumOpacity(0, 0.0);property.setGradientOpacityMaximumOpacity(0, 1.0);// do not toggle these parameters when animatingproperty.setAmbient(enabled ? ambient_ : DEFAULT_AMBIENT);property.setDiffuse(enabled ? diffuse_ : DEFAULT_DIFFUSE);property.setSpecular(enabled ? specular_ : DEFAULT_SPECULAR);requestRender();},{ immediate: true });// volumetric scattering blendingconst useVolumetricScatteringBlending = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.useVolumetricScatteringBlending ?? false);const volumetricScatteringBlending = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.volumetricScatteringBlending ?? 0);watch([useVolumetricScatteringBlending,volumetricScatteringBlending,repMapper,cvrEnabled,],([useVsb, vsb, mapper, enabled]) => {if (!mapper) return;if (enabled && useVsb) {mapper.setVolumetricScatteringBlending(vsb);} else {mapper.setVolumetricScatteringBlending(0);}requestRender();},{ immediate: true });// local ambient occlusionconst useLocalAmbientOcclusion = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.useLocalAmbientOcclusion ?? false);const laoKernelSize = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.laoKernelSize ?? 0);const laoKernelRadius = computed(() => cvrParams.value?.laoKernelRadius ?? 0);watch([useLocalAmbientOcclusion,laoKernelSize,laoKernelRadius,repMapper,cvrEnabled,],([useLao, kernelSize, kernelRadius, mapper, enabled]) => {if (!mapper) return;if (enabled && useLao) {mapper.setLocalAmbientOcclusion(true);mapper.setLAOKernelSize(kernelSize);mapper.setLAOKernelRadius(kernelRadius);} else {mapper.setLocalAmbientOcclusion(false);mapper.setLAOKernelSize(0);mapper.setLAOKernelRadius(0);}requestRender();},{ immediate: true });
}function useColoringEffect(config: Ref<Maybe<ColoringConfig>>,imageRep: Ref<vtkVolumeRepresentationProxy | null>,viewProxy: Ref<vtkLPSView3DProxy>
) {const colorBy = computed(() => config.value?.colorBy);const colorTransferFunction = computed(() => config.value?.transferFunction);const opacityFunction = computed(() => config.value?.opacityFunction);const proxyManager = useProxyManager();watch([imageRep, colorBy, colorTransferFunction, opacityFunction],([rep, colorBy_, colorFunc, opacityFunc]) => {if (!rep || !colorBy_ || !colorFunc || !opacityFunc || !proxyManager) {return;}const { arrayName, location } = colorBy_;const lut = proxyManager.getLookupTable(arrayName);lut.setMode(LookupTableProxyMode.Preset);lut.setPresetName(colorFunc.preset);lut.setDataRange(...colorFunc.mappingRange);const pwf = proxyManager.getPiecewiseFunction(arrayName);pwf.setMode(opacityFunc.mode);pwf.setDataRange(...opacityFunc.mappingRange);switch (opacityFunc.mode) {case vtkPiecewiseFunctionProxy.Mode.Gaussians:pwf.setGaussians(opacityFunc.gaussians);break;case vtkPiecewiseFunctionProxy.Mode.Points: {const opacityPoints = getShiftedOpacityFromPreset(opacityFunc.preset,opacityFunc.mappingRange,opacityFunc.shift,opacityFunc.shiftAlpha);if (opacityPoints) {pwf.setPoints(opacityPoints);}break;}case vtkPiecewiseFunctionProxy.Mode.Nodes:pwf.setNodes(opacityFunc.nodes);break;default:}if (rep) {// control color range manuallyrep.setRescaleOnColorBy(false);rep.setColorBy(arrayName, location);}// Need to trigger a render for when we are restoring from a state fileviewProxy.value.renderLater();},{ immediate: true });
}export default defineComponent({props: {id: {type: String,required: true,},viewDirection: {type: String as PropType<LPSAxisDir>,required: true,},viewUp: {type: String as PropType<LPSAxisDir>,required: true,},},components: {ViewOverlayGrid,CropTool,PanTool,Custom3DView,},setup(props) {const modelStore = useModelStore();const volumeColoringStore = useVolumeColoringStore();const viewCameraStore = useViewCameraStore();const { id: viewID, viewDirection, viewUp } = toRefs(props);const vtkContainerRef = ref<HTMLElement>();// --- computed vars --- //const {currentImageID: curImageID,currentImageMetadata: curImageMetadata,currentImageData,isImageLoading,} = useCurrentImage();// --- view proxy setup --- //const { viewProxy, setContainer: setViewProxyContainer } =useViewProxy<vtkLPSView3DProxy>(viewID, ViewProxyType.Volume);onMounted(() => {viewProxy.value.setOrientationAxesVisibility(true);viewProxy.value.setOrientationAxesType('cube');viewProxy.value.setBackground([0, 0, 0, 0]);setViewProxyContainer(vtkContainerRef.value);});onBeforeUnmount(() => {setViewProxyContainer(null);viewProxy.value.setContainer(null);});useResizeObserver(vtkContainerRef, () => viewProxy.value.resize());// --- scene setup --- //const { baseImageRep } = useSceneBuilder<vtkVolumeRepresentationProxy>(viewID,{baseImage: curImageID,models: computed(() => modelStore.idList),});// --- picking --- //// disables picking for crop control and morewatch(baseImageRep,(rep) => {if (rep) {rep.getVolumes().forEach((volume) => volume.setPickable(false));}},{ immediate: true });// --- widget manager --- //const { widgetManager } = useWidgetManager(viewProxy);provide(VTKThreeViewWidgetManager, widgetManager);// --- camera setup --- //const { cameraUpVec, cameraDirVec } = useCameraOrientation(viewDirection,viewUp,curImageMetadata);const resetCamera = () => {const bounds = curImageMetadata.value.worldBounds;const center = [(bounds[0] + bounds[1]) / 2,(bounds[2] + bounds[3]) / 2,(bounds[4] + bounds[5]) / 2,] as vec3;viewProxy.value.updateCamera(cameraDirVec.value,cameraUpVec.value,center);viewProxy.value.resetCamera();viewProxy.value.renderLater();};watch([baseImageRep, cameraDirVec, cameraUpVec],() => {const cameraConfig = viewCameraStore.getConfig(viewID.value,curImageID.value);// We don't want to reset the camera if we have a config we are restoringif (!cameraConfig) {// nextTick ensures resetCamera gets called after// useSceneBuilder refreshes the scene.nextTick(resetCamera);}},{immediate: true,});const { restoreCameraConfig } = usePersistCameraConfig(viewID,curImageID,viewProxy,'position','focalPoint','directionOfProjection','viewUp');watch(curImageID, () => {// See if we have a camera configuration to restoreconst cameraConfig = viewCameraStore.getConfig(viewID.value,curImageID.value);if (cameraConfig) {restoreCameraConfig(cameraConfig);viewProxy.value.getRenderer().resetCameraClippingRange();viewProxy.value.renderLater();}});// --- coloring setup --- //const volumeColorConfig = computed(() =>volumeColoringStore.getConfig(viewID.value, curImageID.value));watch([viewID, curImageID],() => {if (curImageID.value &&currentImageData.value &&!volumeColorConfig.value) {volumeColoringStore.resetToDefaultColoring(viewID.value,curImageID.value,currentImageData.value);}},{ immediate: true });// --- CVR parameters --- //useCvrEffect(volumeColorConfig, baseImageRep, viewProxy);// --- coloring --- //useColoringEffect(volumeColorConfig, baseImageRep, viewProxy);// --- cropping planes --- //const cropStore = useCropStore();const croppingPlanes = cropStore.getComputedVTKPlanes(curImageID);watch(croppingPlanes,(planes, oldPlanes) => {const mapper = baseImageRep.value?.getMapper();if (!mapper ||!planes ||(oldPlanes && croppingPlanesEqual(planes, oldPlanes)))return;mapper.removeAllClippingPlanes();planes.forEach((plane) => mapper.addClippingPlane(plane));mapper.modified();viewProxy.value.renderLater();},{ immediate: true });// --- Listen to ResetViews event --- //const events = useResetViewsEvents();events.onClick(() => resetCamera());// --- template vars --- //return {vtkContainerRef,viewID,active: false,topLeftLabel: computed(() =>volumeColorConfig.value?.transferFunction.preset.replace(/-/g, ' ') ??''),isImageLoading,resetCamera,};},
});
</script><style scoped>
.model-container {width: 100%;height: 600px;position: relative;
}
</style><style scoped src="@/src/components/styles/vtk-view.css"></style>
<style scoped src="@/src/components/styles/utils.css"></style><style scoped>
.vtk-three-container {background-color: black;grid-template-columns: auto;
}
</style>

2.新增Custom3DView.vue

在src/components目錄下新增Custom3DView.vue。用來顯示后端Python生成的stl。

全部代碼如下：

<template><div ref="container" class="model-container"></div>
</template><script>
import * as THREE from 'three';
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';
import { STLLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/STLLoader';
import { toRaw } from 'vue';export default {data() {return {loadingProgress: 0,loadError: null,animateId: null};},mounted() {this.initThreeContext();this.loadSTLModel();this.setupAnimation();},beforeDestroy() {this.cleanupResources();},methods: {initThreeContext() {const container = this.$refs.container;// 場景配置this._scene = new THREE.Scene();this._scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x000000);// 相機配置this._camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, // 縮小視角增加近景效果container.clientWidth / container.clientHeight,0.1,500 // 縮小可視范圍提升渲染性能); this._camera.position.set(30, 30, 30); // 初始位置更靠近模型// 渲染器配置（網頁7的黑色背景方案）this._renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true,alpha: true // 保留alpha通道以備后續擴展});this._renderer.setClearColor(0x000000, 1); // 雙重確保背景顏色this._renderer.setSize(container.clientWidth, container.clientHeight);container.appendChild(this._renderer.domElement);// 光源優化const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040);const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.8);directionalLight.position.set(15, 15, 15);this._scene.add(ambientLight, directionalLight);// 控制器配置this._controls = new OrbitControls(toRaw(this._camera), this._renderer.domElement);this._controls.enableDamping = true;this._controls.dampingFactor = 0.05;},loadSTLModel() {const objSTLLoader=new STLLoader()objSTLLoader.crossOrigin='Anonymous'objSTLLoader.load( 'https://stl所在路徑.stl', geometry => {// 添加模型前清空舊模型this.clearExistingModel();// 材質配置（淺灰色方案）const material  = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color: 0xcccccc, // 淺灰色specular: 0x222222, shininess: 150, side: THREE.DoubleSide});const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);geometry.center();mesh.scale.set(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);// 自動聚焦模型const box = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(mesh);const center = box.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());toRaw(this._camera).lookAt(center);toRaw(this._scene).add(mesh); },progress => {this.loadingProgress = (progress.loaded / progress.total) * 100},error => {this.loadError = '模型加載失敗，請檢查網絡或文件路徑'});},setupAnimation() {const animate = () => {this.animateId = requestAnimationFrame(animate);toRaw(this._controls).update();this._renderer.render(toRaw(this._scene), toRaw(this._camera));};animate();},cleanupResources() {cancelAnimationFrame(this.animateId);toRaw(this._controls).dispose();this._renderer.dispose();toRaw(this._scene).traverse(obj => {if (obj.isMesh) {obj.geometry.dispose();obj.material.dispose();}});}}
};
</script><style scoped>
.model-container {width: 100%;height: 600px;position: relative;background: #000; /* 備用黑色背景 */
}
</style>

3.Python生成stl三維文件

在服務端用Python生成stl：

from pydicom import dcmread
import pylibjpegimport numpy as np
import pydicom
import pydicom.pixel_data_handlers.gdcm_handler as gdcm_handlerimport os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from glob import glob
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import scipy.ndimage
from skimage import measure
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
from stl import mesh
import trimesh
pydicom.config.image_handlers = [None, gdcm_handler]
pydicom.config.image_handlers = ['gdcm_handler']def load_scan(path):slices = []# count = 0for s in os.listdir(path):ds = pydicom.dcmread(path + '/' + s, force=True)ds.PhotometricInterpretation = 'YBR_FULL'if s != '.DS_Store':  # This is for AttributeError: 'FileDataset' object has no attribute 'InstanceNumber'slices.append(ds)slices.sort(key=lambda x: int(x.InstanceNumber))try:slice_thickness = np.abs(slices[0].ImagePositionPatient[2] - slices[1].ImagePositionPatient[2])except:slice_thickness = np.abs(slices[0].SliceLocation - slices[1].SliceLocation)for s in slices:s.SliceThickness = slice_thicknessreturn slicesdef get_pixels_hu(scans):image = np.stack([s.pixel_array for s in scans])image = image.astype(np.int16)image[image == -2000] = 0# Convert to Hounsfield units (HU)intercept = scans[0].RescaleInterceptslope = scans[0].RescaleSlopeif slope != 1:image = slope * image.astype(np.float64)image = image.astype(np.int16)image += np.int16(intercept)return np.array(image, dtype=np.int16)def make_mesh(image, threshold=-300, step_size=1):print("Transposing surface")p = image.transpose(2, 1, 0)print("Calculating surface")verts, faces, norm, val = measure.marching_cubes(p, threshold, step_size=step_size, allow_degenerate=True)return verts, facesdef resample(image, scan, new_spacing=[1, 1, 1]):# Determine current pixel spacing, change this function to get better resultspacing = [float(scan[0].SliceThickness)] + [float(i) for i in scan[0].PixelSpacing]spacing = np.array(spacing)resize_factor = [spacing[0] / new_spacing[0], spacing[1] / new_spacing[1], spacing[2] / new_spacing[2]]new_real_shape = np.multiply(image.shape, resize_factor)new_shape = np.round(new_real_shape)real_resize_factor = new_shape / image.shapenew_spacing = spacing / real_resize_factorimage = scipy.ndimage.interpolation.zoom(image, real_resize_factor)return image, new_spacingif __name__ == "__main__":from matplotlib.cm import get_cmapimport matplotlib.colors as mcolorsdata_path = "/mnt/data_18T/data/口腔/CBCT及三維重建/dicom"output_path = "/mnt/data_18T/data/口腔/CBCT及三維重建/stl_path/"if not os.path.exists(output_path):  # create the output pathos.mkdir(output_path)patient = load_scan(data_path)images = get_pixels_hu(patient)imgs_after_resamp, spacing = resample(images.astype(np.float64), patient, [1, 0.5, 1])v, f = make_mesh(imgs_after_resamp, 350, 1)# save the stl filevertices = vfaces = f# 創建顏色列表colors = get_cmap('Greens')(np.linspace(0, 1, len(vertices)))colors = mcolors.to_rgba_array(colors)mesh = trimesh.Trimesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces)mesh.export(output_path + 'cube2.stl', file_type="stl")

4.最終效果

注：我的是集顯，配置不算高，在使用stl顯示三維的情況下，很流暢。