在 Windows 11 中為 SMB 3.x 文件共享協議提供 RDMA 支持

注：機翻，未校。

Enable SMB Direct in Windows 11

在 Windows 11 中啟用 SMB Direct

Provides RDMA support for the SMB 3.x file sharing protocol

為 SMB 3.x 文件共享協議提供 RDMA 支持

Vigneshwaran Vijayakumar

November 3, 2024 Last Updated: November 2, 2024

Enable SMB Direct in Windows 11: Microsoft introduced an enterprise-level feature with SMB 3.0 in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8. Regarding SMB Direct, the key qualities are High Performance and Low Latency Data Transfers making it a blessing for Windows 11 Professional, Server, and Enterprise Editions. Many data centers are running on Windows Servers, and these data centers will be hosting many virtual machines for different clients amounting to a large number of data transfers regularly and that is one of the scenarios where SMB Direct becomes a crucial feature. It uses Remote Directory Memory Access (RDMA) network adapters, allowing data to transfer directly between memory on different computers with the CPU’s involvement. In this article, we will check out the steps on How to Enable SMB Direct in Windows 11 Professional, Enterprise, and Server Editions.

在 Windows 11 中啟用 SMB Direct：Microsoft 在 Windows Server 2012 和 Windows 8 中引入了 SMB 3.0 的企業級功能。關于 SMB Direct，關鍵品質是高性能和低延遲數據傳輸，使其成為 Windows 11 專業版、服務器版和企業版的福音。許多數據中心都在 Windows Server 上運行，這些數據中心將為不同的客戶端托管許多虛擬機，定期進行大量數據傳輸，這是 SMB Direct 成為關鍵功能的情況之一。它使用遠程目錄內存訪問（RDMA）網絡適配器，允許數據在 CPU 參與下在不同計算機上的內存之間直接傳輸。在本文中，將說明如何在 Windows 11 專業版、企業版和服務器版中啟用 SMB Direct 的步驟。

Key Steps 關鍵步驟

Run the following command appwiz.cpl
運行以下命令 appwiz.cpl
Click on Turn Windows Features on or off from the left pane of the Programs and Features window.
單擊“程序和功能”窗口左側窗格中的“打開 Windows 功能”或“關閉 Windows 功能”。
On the Windows Features dialog, search and locate SMB Direct, click on the checkbox next to it to enable it, and click OK.
在“Windows 功能”對話框中，搜索并找到 SMB Direct，單擊旁邊的復選框以啟用它，然后單擊“確定”。
That is it. SMB Direct feature is enabled on your Windows 11 Professional and Enterprise Editions.
就是這樣。SMB Direct 功能已在 Windows 11 專業版和企業版上啟用。

RDMA Network Communication System Mechanism RDMA 網絡通信系統機制

Schematics Explaining the comparison between the standard network communication systems and the RDMA Network Communication Systems

SMB Direct uses RDMA Network Adaptors which makes the data transfers extremely fast and low latent at enterprise levels. The RDMA mechanism plays a crucial role here, making SMB Direct highly effective. Here is how it works.
SMB Direct 使用 RDMA 網絡適配器，這使得企業級的數據傳輸速度極快且延遲較低。RDMA 機制在這里起著至關重要的作用，使 SMB Direct 非常有效。以下是它的工作原理。

In standard network communication, the CPU typically processes each packet, managing the transfer of data between memory and network interfaces. With RDMA, the network adapter handles this process independently, bypassing the CPU and directly accessing the device’s memory, resulting in faster data transfer. RDMA also bypasses the OS Kernel eliminating the OS level latencies and accelerating the overall transfer speed.
在標準網絡通信中，CPU 通常處理每個數據包，管理內存和網絡接口之間的數據傳輸。使用 RDMA，網絡適配器獨立處理此過程，繞過 CPU 并直接訪問設備的內存，從而加快數據傳輸速度。RDMA 還繞過了操作系統內核，消除了操作系統級別的延遲并加快了整體傳輸速度。

Key Features of RDMA Network Communication Systems

How can I Enable SMB Direct in Windows 11? – Simple Steps 如何在 Windows 11 中啟用 SMB Direct？– 簡單的步驟

Enabling this feature in Windows 11 PC is a straightforward process. However, as mentioned in the introduction paragraph, this feature is not available for Windows 11 Home users. SMB Direct is more intended for enterprise and, server-level transactions, and hence it is available only on Windows 11 Professional Editions, Server Editions, and Enterprise Editions. Let’s get started.
在 Windows 11 PC 中啟用此功能是一個簡單的過程。但是，如介紹段落中所述，此功能不適用于 Windows 11 家庭版用戶。SMB Direct 更適合企業和服務器級交易，因此它僅適用于 Windows 11 專業版、服務器版和企業版。

To enable this feature on Windows 11, we have to go to the Windows Features dialog as SMB Direct is an optional feature. To do so, open Run Command. You can either use the Start menu or just use the shortcut

要在 Windows 11 上啟用此功能，我們必須轉到“Windows 功能”對話框，因為 SMB Direct 是一項可選功能。為此，請打開 Run Command。您可以使用“開始”菜單，也可以只使用快捷鍵 WIN KEY + R。

Enter the following command in the Run Command box and click OK. **appwiz.cpl**
在“運行命令”框中輸入以下命令，然后單擊“確定”。

Open Programs and Features using appwiz.cpl

The Programs and Features Window will open now. In the left pane, you can find the option “Turn Windows Features on or off“. Click on that.
程序和功能窗口現在將打開。在左側窗格中，您可以找到“打開或關閉 Windows 功能”選項。點擊那個。

Turn Windows Features on or off

Now, the Windows Features dialog will pop up. Here you can find a lot of optional features, the features may vary depending upon whether the PC is Windows 11 Home, Pro, or other Enterprise Editions.
現在，將彈出 Windows 功能對話框。在這里您可以找到很多可選功能，這些功能可能會有所不同，具體取決于 PC 是 Windows 11 家庭版、專業版還是其他企業版。
Locate SMB Direct from the list of features available, and then click on the checkbox next to it and finally click OK.
從可用功能列表中找到 SMB Direct，然后單擊它旁邊的復選框，最后單擊“確定”。

Enable SMB Direct in Windows 11

The system will now search for the required files.
系統現在將搜索所需的文件。

Searching for the required files

Then, Windows will apply the necessary changes.
然后，Windows 將應用必要的更改。

Applying Changes

Finally, you will be prompted to do a Restart. Click on Restart now. It is highly recommended to do a restart right now so that the changes made will reflect.
最后，系統將提示您執行 Restart （重新啟動）。單擊 Restart now（立即重新啟動）。強烈建議立即重新啟動，以便所做的更改將反映出來。
That is it. SMB Direct is now enabled in your Windows 11 Pro, and Enterprise Editions.
就是這樣。SMB Direct 現已在 Windows 11 專業版和企業版中啟用。

RDMA allows data to be transferred from the memory of one device directly to the memory of another device without creating extra copies in between. This means data doesn’t have to be copied multiple times saving time and reducing CPU overhead.

How to check whether SMB Direct is enabled in Windows 11? 如何檢查 Windows 11 中是否啟用了 SMB Direct？

We can use PowerShell to check whether SMB Direct is enabled in Windows 11 or not. The following are the steps.
我們可以使用 PowerShell 檢查 Windows 11 中是否啟用了 SMB Direct。以下是步驟。

Open PowerShell via the Start menu.
通過開始菜單打開 PowerShell。
Execute the following command in the PowerShell. Get-SmbClientConfiguration | Select-Object -Property EnableSMBDirect
在 PowerShell 中執行以下命令 Get-SmbClientConfiguration | Select-Object -Property EnableSMBDirect

Check whether SMB Direct is enabled or not

FAQ related to the SMB Direct in Windows 11

與 Windows 11 中的 SMB Direct 相關的常見問題解答

SMB Direct is missing in Windows 11?

Windows 11 中缺少 SMB Direct？

Due to its advanced requirements and specialized use cases, it is designed for high-performance networking in enterprise environments, SMB Direct will not be available for Windows 11 Home Edition.
由于其高級要求和專用用例，SMB Direct 專為企業環境中的高性能網絡而設計，因此 Windows 11 家庭版將不可用。

Do I need Special Hardware for SMB Direct?

是否需要 SMB Direct 的特殊硬件？

Yes, SMB Direct requires RDMA-capable network adapters, such as iWARP or RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet). Ensure your network infrastructure supports these technologies.
是的，SMB Direct 需要支持 RDMA 的網絡適配器，例如 iWARP 或 RoCE（基于融合以太網的 RDMA）。確保您的網絡基礎設施支持這些技術。

Can I use SMB Direct over a wireless network?

我可以通過無線網絡使用 SMB Direct 嗎？

No, SMB Direct is designed to work over high-performance wired networks. It is not suitable for wireless connections due to latency and stability issues.
不需要，SMB Direct 旨在通過高性能有線網絡工作。由于延遲和穩定性問題，它不適合無線連接。

Does Enabling SMB Direct affect security?

啟用 SMB Direct 是否會影響安全性？

Enabling SMB Direct does not inherently affect security, but you should ensure that your network is properly secured as with any file-sharing protocols.
啟用 SMB Direct 本身不會影響安全性，但您應該確保您的網絡與任何文件共享協議一樣受到適當保護。

Take away

SMB Direct in Windows 11 offers a powerful solution for enhancing file sharing and access performance. Using RDMA technology, SMB Direct minimizes latency and reduces CPU overhead, making it ideal for environments that require high throughput and efficiency.
Windows 11 中的 SMB Direct 為增強文件共享和訪問性能提供了強大的解決方案。SMB Direct 使用 RDMA 技術，最大限度地減少延遲并減少 CPU 開銷，使其成為需要高吞吐量和效率的環境的理想選擇。

如何檢測 SMB 協議狀態以及啟用和禁用 SMB 協議

SMBv1

檢測：

PowerShell

Get-SmbServerConfiguration | Select EnableSMB1Protocol

禁用：

PowerShell

Set-SmbServerConfiguration -EnableSMB1Protocol $false

啟用：

PowerShell

Set-SmbServerConfiguration -EnableSMB1Protocol $true

SMB v2/v3

檢測：

PowerShell

Get-SmbServerConfiguration | Select EnableSMB2Protocol

禁用：

PowerShell

Set-SmbServerConfiguration -EnableSMB2Protocol $false

啟用：

PowerShell

Set-SmbServerConfiguration -EnableSMB2Protocol $true

各種 Windows 版本中使用的 SMB ：

SMB Dialect	Year	Operating System	Key Points
SMB 1.0	1984	Windows XP, 2003 and earlier	Extremely chatty, No encryption, Insecure
CIFS	1996	Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0	Supports larger files, direct transport over TCP/IP Supports symlinks and hardlinks
SMB 2.0	2006	Windows Vista, Server 2008	Reduced protocol chattiness, Supports the pipelining mechanism
SMB 2.1	2010	Windows 7, Server 2008 R2	Minor performance improvements, Opportunistic locking, Significant MTU support
SMB 3.0	2012	Windows 8, Server 2012	End-to-end encryption, SMB transparent failover, SMB direct, SMB multichannel, SMB scale out
SMB 3.02	2014	Windows 8.1, Server 2012 R2	Performance improvements, ability to disable CIFS/SMB 1.0 for increased security
SMB 3.1.1	2015	Windows 10, Server 2016, Server 2019	Supports AES-128-GCM and AES-128-CCM encryption, supports directory caching, supports pre-authentication integrity checks to mitigate MITM attacks
SMB 3.1.1*	2021	Windows 11, Server 2022	Supports AES-256-GCM and AES-256-CCM encryption, SMB direct with encryption, Supports SMB over QUIC