靜默安裝三步驟:
1、數據庫安裝
db_install.rsp(數據庫軟件安裝響應文件)
2、配置監聽
netca.rap(監聽配置響應文件)
3、建庫
dbca.rsp(建庫響應文件)
安裝oracle19c先決條件準備:
1.檢查主機名和網絡并且配置/etc/hosts文件
關閉防火墻
檢查防火墻狀態
systemctl status firewalld.service
暫時關閉防火墻,下次啟動時防火墻仍隨系統啟動而啟動
systemctl stop firewalld.service
徹底永久關閉防火墻
systemctl disable firewalld.service
關閉SELINUX防火墻
檢查狀態
getenforce
修改
vi /etc/selinux/config
將內容
SELINUX=enforcing
更改為
SELINUX=disabled
設置后重啟虛擬機reboot
2.配置YUM源解決程序依賴的問題
a 掛載光盤鏡像
注:在虛擬機掛載光盤鏡像以后,務必使用某個用戶進入到虛擬機LINUX下看到桌面彈出小光盤為止(圖形界面)
b 進入到光盤鏡像中的Package目錄中將所有的軟件包復制到我們預設的目錄下
CENTOS7/RHEL7 鏡像掛載地點:/run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages
1、復制rpm包
mkdir /yums
cd /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages
cp * /yums
cd /yums
2、安裝依賴包創建倉庫
rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch.rpm
createrepo .
3、配置本地yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -rf *
vi yum.local.repo
新增以下內容
[local]
name=yum local repo
baseurl=file:///yums
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
執行命令
yum clean all
3.安裝ORACLE先決條件的軟件包
yum install -y bc
yum install -y compat-libcap1*
yum install -y compat-libcap*
yum install -y binutils
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y elfutils-libelf
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y glibc-2.5
yum install -y glibc-common
yum install -y glibc-devel
yum install -y glibc-headers
yum install -y ksh libaio
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libgcc
yum install -y libstdc++
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y make
yum install -y sysstat
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
yum install -y binutils*
yum install -y compat-libstdc*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf*
yum install -y gcc*
yum install -y glibc*
yum install -y ksh*
yum install -y libaio*
yum install -y libgcc*
yum install -y libstdc*
yum install -y make*
yum install -y sysstat*
yum install -y libXp*
yum install -y glibc-kernheaders
yum install -y net-tools-*
4.修改LINUX的內核文件
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 67747971072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2生成系統參數
sysctl -p
5.添加下列參數到/etc/security/limits.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.conforacle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
6.添加下列條目到/etc/pam.d/login
vim /etc/pam.d/loginsession required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
7.環境變量中添加下列語句
vim /etc/profileif [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi
fisource /etc/profile
8.創建文件目錄和相應的用戶
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oraclemkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/oraInventory
chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle19c需要額外創建
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1 --ORACLE的HOME目錄
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/增加密碼
passwd oracle
9.配置ORACLE用戶的環境變量
su - oraclevim .bash_profileexport EDITOR=vi
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
umask 022source .bash_profile
10.上傳軟件并且解壓
上傳LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip至$ORACLE_HOME目錄下并解壓
上傳LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip軟件至$ORACLE_HOME目錄下
并檢查所屬組是否為oracle:oinstall,若不是則修改 chown -R oracle:oinstall
/u01/app/oracle
11.rlwrap軟件配置
用途:主要用于sqlplus切換查詢的sql
rlwrap-0.37-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 該軟件務必在ROOT用戶下安裝,如果切換到ORACLE用戶下安裝可能會發生相關的權限問題
rpm -ivh rlwrap-0.37-1.el6.x86_64.rpm在oracle用戶下的.bash_profile文件中添加一下兩個別名
如果你當前是oracle用戶的話 直接使用 vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile進入到環境變量文件(絕對路徑)
如果你當前不是oracle用戶的話請執行以下命令
su - oracle
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile將下面兩行文字粘貼進該文件中即可
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'添加完內容后保存退出 并執行以下命令來生成環境變量. /home/oracle/.bash_profile
12.開始靜默安裝
1、第一步 使用ORACLE用戶登錄LINUX
2、第二步 靜默安裝ORACLE 19C 數據庫軟件
進入到$ORACLE_HOME下 執行下列命令 rsp文件可以放在oracle目錄下
[oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$ cat db_install.rsp | grep -v "#" | grep -v "^$"
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
[oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
當看到以下內容時:尤其是那個1和2 需要另外啟動一個LINUX連接客戶端并執行,記住用ROOT用戶執行!
As a root user, execute the following script(s):1. /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh2. /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/root.shExecute /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:
[e9dbtest]
Execute /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/root.sh on the following nodes:
[e9dbtest]Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:/u01/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2021-08-29_09-56-51AM在19c后第二個腳本有可能自動執行了,記住查看相關的輸出日志:比如:
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/install/root_e9dbtest_2021-08-29_10-00-19-369590526.log for the output of root script
當出現類似日志時 代表已經安裝完成
3、第三步 靜默配置監聽
cat netca.rsp | grep -v "#" | grep -v "∧$" [oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$ cat netca.rsp | grep -v "#" |grep -v "^$"
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
[oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/netca.rsp執行范例:
[oracle@e9dbtest db_1]$ netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/netca.rspParsing command line arguments:Parameter "silent" = trueParameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:Running Listener Control: /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENERListener Control complete.Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
看到以上內容說明監聽配置成功用下面的語句測試監聽
lsnrctl status
4、第四步 靜默建庫(相關響應文件已經寫完)
cat dbca.rsp | grep -v "#" | grep -v "∧$"[oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$ cat dbca.rsp |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
createAsContainerDatabase=false
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
storageType=FS
sampleSchema=TRUE
databaseType=OLTP
automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
totalMemory=4096
[oracle@oracle19c-1 ~]$dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp安裝成功:
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ecology.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:ecology
System Identifier(SID):ecology
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ecology/ecology.log" for further details.
[oracle@e9dbtest db_1]$