1 前言

Docker容器原則上是短暫的，如果容器被刪除或損毀，數據或配置將丟失，所以上個章節部署的MySQL只適合于測試環境，由于生產的需求，本章將使用Docker卷機制持久保存Docker容器中創建的數據。

2 最佳實踐

2.1 環境配置

2.1.1 系統環境配置

IP Address = 10.168.0.71

Host Name = any

OS = CentOS 7.6 x86_64

2.1.2 軟件環境配置

2.2 非持久化方式啟動MySQL

2.2.1 下載MySQL服務器Docker鏡像

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:5.6

其他版本的下載，請使用以下命令，

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:5.5

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:5.6

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:5.7

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:8.0

docker pull mysql/mysql-server:latest

下載完畢后，你可以使用以下命令查看當前下載的鏡像，

docker images

可見如下顯示，

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql/mysql-server 5.6 8fe1c25ccc38 6 weeks ago 218MB

2.2.2 初始化一個非持久化實例

docker run --name mysql1 -d mysql/mysql-server:5.6 --character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci

啟動實力后，可見如下顯示，

87cb7f2615ff3f762332eb826566a566888e7ade0ecf5fe55cc4c462d7f2e9da

可使用如下命令查看正在運行的容器，

docker ps

可見如下顯示，

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

18682cd5edea mysql/mysql-server:5.6 "/entrypoint.sh mysq…" About a minute ago Up About a minute (healthy) 3306/tcp mysql1

2.2.3 檢查MySQL啟動的log

docker logs mysql1

2.2.4 獲取初始化密碼

docker logs mysql1 2>&1 | grep -i "GENERATED ROOT PASSWORD:"

可見如下輸出，

Entrypoint] GENERATED ROOT PASSWORD: 63JyseNLAsYf4vnydUS0D3x4NasF

注：以上密碼為“[im4DdeRId3gOM0bAKIBzumJYBr”

2.2.5 從容器內部連接MySQL服務器

docker exec -it mysql1 mysql -uroot -p

然后，我們需要使用如下命令修改root密碼才能繼續，

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'rootpassword';

如果有以下錯誤提示，

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by 'rootpassword'' at line 1

請使用如下命令配置，

set password for 'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('rootpassword');

2.2.6 創建授權賬號

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by "rootpassword";

flush privileges;

2.2.7 查詢實例IP

docker inspect mysql1

可見如下顯示，

[...]

"Networks": {

"bridge": {

"IPAMConfig": null,

"Links": null,

"Aliases": null,

"NetworkID": "e3134a755397c4841912004d8ecff4bf918f6484e9873e3da815946062e87940",

"EndpointID": "8ae10d4677c284e21523fbf4457aa8b0c2a297999a717d111f6b05c12a56fa0a",

"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",

"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

"IPPrefixLen": 16,

"IPv6Gateway": "",

"GlobalIPv6Address": "",

"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",

"DriverOpts": null

}

}

[...]

注：參數”IPAddress”的聲明即實例當前地址

2.2.8 測試登錄

yum install -y mariadb

安裝完客戶端后，可使用如下命令測試，

mysql -uroot -p -h 172.17.0.2

2.3 持久化方式啟動MySQL

2.3.1 持久化的說明

docker inspect mysql1

可見如下輸出，

[...]

"Mounts": [

{

"Type": "volume",

"Name": "6757102195b9452306e48650023d366d2c3d72b51764878f08279bb58dca1cb2",

"Source": "/data/docker-runningdata/volumes/6757102195b9452306e48650023d366d2c3d72b51764878f08279bb58dca1cb2/_data",

"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",

"Driver": "local",

"Mode": "",

"RW": true,

"Propagation": ""

}

[...]

如上所示，“docker inspect”命令所輸出的JSON文件，

– “Mount”關鍵字聲明Docker卷相關定義

– “Destination”關鍵字聲明存于容器內部路徑為“/var/lib/mysql”

– “Source”關鍵字聲明存于物理主機的卷路徑為“/data/docker-runningdata/volumes/6757102195b9452306e48650023d366d2c3d72b51764878f08279bb58dca1cb2/_data”

基于以上，如果需要持久保存數據，官方提供以下命令范式用于啟動，

docker run --name=mysql1 \

--mount type=bind,src=/path-on-host-machine/my.cnf,dst=/etc/my.cnf \

--mount type=bind,src=/path-on-host-machine/datadir,dst=/var/lib/mysql \

-d mysql/mysql-server:tag

2.3.2 創建數據目錄和配置文件目錄

mkdir -p /data/docker/etc/mysql

mkdir -p /data/docker/data/

2.3.3 復制實例數據到本地

docker cp mysql1:/etc/my.cnf /data/docker/etc/mysql

docker cp mysql1:/etc/my.cnf.d /data/docker/etc/mysql

docker cp mysql1:/var/lib/mysql /data/docker/data/

2.3.4 停止并刪除之前的實例

docker stop mysql1

docker rm mysql1

2.3.5 啟動MySQL數據庫實例

docker run --name=mysql1 \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/etc/mysql/my.cnf,dst=/etc/my.cnf \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/etc/mysql/my.cnf.d,dst=/etc/my.cnf.d \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/data/mysql,dst=/var/lib/mysql \

-d mysql/mysql-server:5.6 \

--character-set-server=utf8 \

--collation-server=utf8_general_ci

2.3.6 測試登錄

mysql -uroot -p -h 172.17.0.2

2.4 管理MySQL實例

2.4.1 使用shell管理MySQL服務器

docker exec -it mysql1 bash

可見如下命令提示符，

bash-4.2#

可使用如下命令查看MySQL的數據目錄，

bash-4.2# ls /var/lib/mysql

可見如下提示，

auto.cnf ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 mysql mysql.sock performance_schema test

2.4.2 管理MySQL容器的相關命令

docker start mysql1

docker restart mysql1

docker stop mysql1

docker rm mysql1

2.5 將容器加入一個特定的網絡

2.5.1 創建容器間的網絡

docker network create cmdschool-net

可以使用如下命令確認網絡的創建，

docker network ls

可見如下顯示，

NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE

42120d142861 bridge bridge local

a44be59ebfd9 cmdschool-net bridge local

5bf4d2d3d1a6 host host local

e9ee5d7f4acc none null local

2.5.2 停止并刪除之前配置的實例

docker stop mysql1

docker rm mysql1

2.5.3 使用新的參數連接Docker網絡

docker run --name=mysql1 \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/etc/mysql/my.cnf,dst=/etc/my.cnf \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/etc/mysql/my.cnf.d,dst=/etc/my.cnf.d \

--mount type=bind,src=/data/docker/data/mysql,dst=/var/lib/mysql \

--network=cmdschool-net \

-d mysql/mysql-server:5.6 \

--character-set-server=utf8 \

--collation-server=utf8_general_ci

注：留意“–network”參數

2.5.4 查詢當前實例的IP

docker inspect mysql1

可見如下顯示，

"Networks": {

"cmdschool-net": {

"IPAMConfig": null,

"Links": null,

"Aliases": [

"4e0f2027134c"

],

"NetworkID": "a44be59ebfd9319f7c0ae0dd26f4d41f0d576141481388346a0ff870ee2ed809",

"EndpointID": "76513bee3bddd2c80f611e93f003dbb6c9abd53d184ade5e35faf6bb3d19f3cf",

"Gateway": "172.19.0.1",

"IPAddress": "172.19.0.2",

"IPPrefixLen": 16,

"IPv6Gateway": "",

"GlobalIPv6Address": "",

"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:02",

"DriverOpts": null

}

}

注：參數”IPAddress”的聲明即實例當前地址

2.5.5 測試登錄

mysql -uroot -p -h 172.19.0.2

注：請自行安裝mysql客戶端

參閱文檔

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