本文為Python自動化測試框架基礎入門篇，主要幫助會寫基本selenium測試代碼又沒有規劃的同仁。

本文應用到POM模型、selenium、unittest框架、configparser配置文件、smtplib郵件發送、HTMLTestRunner測試報告模塊結合登錄案例實現簡單自動化測試框架

項目主要包括以下幾個部分

conif.ini 放置配置文件

例如：

myunit.py文件放置的瀏覽器操作代碼

---

import unittest

from selenium import webdriver

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

def setUp(self):

self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()

self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)

self.driver.maximize_window()

def tearDown(self):

self.driver.quit()

if __name__=='__main__':

unittest.main()

---

base.py中放置瀏覽器對象操作代碼

---

from selenium.webdriver.supportimport expected_conditionsas EC

from selenium.webdriver.support.waitimport WebDriverWait

import os,configparser

class Page(object):

path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))

cfpath = os.path.join(path,'autoparkerconfigconf.ini')

conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

conf.read(cfpath)

url=conf.get('base','url')

def __init__(self,driver,url=url):

self.driver=driver

self.url=url

def open(self):

self.driver.get(self.url)

def find_element(self,*loc):#傳入參數為元組需要加*，本身就是元組的不需要*

#print(*loc)

try:

WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))

return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

except:

print('頁面中未找到 %s 元素'%(self,loc))

def find_elements(self,*loc):

return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)

def send_keys(self,loc,value):

self.find_element(*loc).send_keys(value)

def click(self,loc):

self.find_element(*loc).click()

def clear(self,loc):

self.find_element(*loc).clear()

---

loginpage.py中放置通用登錄模塊代碼（盡量避免重復代碼）

---

from selenium.webdriver.common.byimport By

from timeimport sleep

from objpage.baseimport Page

class login(Page):

username_loc=(By.NAME,'accounts')

password_loc=(By.NAME,'pwd')

login_button_loc=(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[5]/div/form/fieldset/p/button')

login_error_loc=(By.XPATH,'//*[@id="common-prompt"]/p')

def login_username(self,username):

self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()

self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)

def login_password(self,password):

self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()

self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

def login_button(self):

self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()

#統一登錄入口

def user_login(self,username,password):

self.open()

self.login_username(username)

self.login_password(password)

self.login_button()

sleep(2)

#登錄提示信息

def login_error_text(self):

return self.find_element(*self.login_error_loc).text

---

parker.py中放置公共元素操作代碼（parker是我隨便命名的，不糾結）

---

from seleniumimport webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chainsimport ActionChains

from selenium.webdriver.support.selectimport Select

class Parker(object):

def __init__(self,browser='chrome'):

if browser=='ie' or browser=='internet explorer':

driver=webdriver.Ie()

elif browser=='firefox' or browser=='ff':

driver=webdriver.Firefox()

elif browser=='chrome':

driver=webdriver.Chrome()

try:

self.driver=driver

except Exception:

raise NameError('沒有找到瀏覽器，請輸入"ie","chrome","ff"')

def wait(self,secs=5):#隱式等待

self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)

def to_element(self,key):#元素定位

if '->' not in key:#如果key里面不包含=就執行下列語句

raise NameError('參數類型輸入錯誤')

by=key.split('->')[0]#通過分隔獲取[0]對應的值

val=key.split('->')[1]#通過分隔獲取[1]對應的值

if by=='id':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_id(val)

elif by=='name':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_name(val)

elif by=='class':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(val)

elif by=='link_text':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(val)

elif by=='xpath':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(val)

elif by=='css':

element=self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(val)

else:

raise NameError('請輸入正確的定位方式：id,name,class,link_text,xpath,css')

return element

def open(self,url):#打開一個URL

self.driver.get(url)

def max_window(self):#最大化窗口（瀏覽器）

self.driver.maximize_window()

def set_windows(self,wide,high):#設置窗口大小

self.driver.set_window_size(wide,high)

def input(self,key,text):#對文本框進行輸入

el=self.to_element(key)

el.send_keys(text)

def click(self,key):#點擊

el=self.to_element(key)

el.click()

def clear(self,key):#清除文本框內容

el=self.to_element(key)

el.clear()

def right_click(self,key):#右鍵操作

el=self.to_element(key)

ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()

def move_to_element(self,key):#鼠標懸停

el=self.to_element(key)

ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()

def drag_and_drop(self,el_key,ta_key):#拖拽 從一個元素拖到另外一個元素

el=self.to_element(el_key)

target=self.to_element(ta_key)

ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(el,target).perform()

def click_text(self,text):

self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()

def close(self):#關閉當前瀏覽器窗口

self.driver.close()

def quit(self):#退出瀏覽器

self.driver.quit()

def submit(self,key):#提交事件

el=self.to_element(key)

el.submit()

def F5(self):#刷新

self.driver.refresh()

def js(self,script):#執行js

self.driver.execute_script(script)

def get_attribute(self,key,attribute):#獲取元素屬性

el=self.to_element(key)

return el.get_attribute(attribute)

def get_text(self,key):#獲取text

el=self.to_element(key)

return el.text

def get_title(self):#獲取title

return self.driver.title

def get_url(self):#獲取url

return self.driver.current_url

def to_frame(self,key):#窗口切換

el=self.to_element(key)

self.driver.switch_to.frame(el)

def alert_accept(self):#對話框確認操作

self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()

def alert_dismiss(self):#對話框取消操作

self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()

def img(self,fp):#截圖

self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(fp)

def select_by_value(self,key,value):#下拉框操作

el=self.to_element(key)

Select(el).select_by_value(value)

---

send_email.py放置郵件發送代碼

---

import smtplib

from email.mime.textimport MIMEText

from email.mime.multipartimport MIMEMultipart

import configparser

import os

def sendEmail(file_path):

path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))

cfpath=os.path.join(path,'autoparkerconfigconf.ini')

conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

conf.read(cfpath)

smtpserver = conf.get('emailqq','smtpserver')

sender = conf.get('emailqq','sender')

pwd = conf.get('emailqq','pwd')

receiver=[]

email_to=conf.get('emailqq','receiver')

email_array=email_to.split(';')

for iin range(len(email_array)):

receiver.append(email_array[i])

print(receiver)

with open(file_path,'rb')as fp:

mail_boby=fp.read()

msg=MIMEMultipart()

msg['From']=sender

msg['To']=",".join(receiver)

msg['Subject']='我曾把完整的鏡子打碎'

body=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')

msg.attach(body)

att=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')

att['Content-Type']='application/octet-stream'

att['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename="test_reuslt.html"'

msg.attach(att)

try:

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect(smtpserver)

smtp.login(sender,pwd)

except:

smtp=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,465)

smtp.login(sender,pwd)

smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

sendEmail('D:report.html')

---

最后main.py文件放置的就是運行代碼（執行這個文件進行測試就可以）

---

import HTMLTestRunner

import unittest

from test_case.loginimport loginTest

from public.send_emailimport sendEmail

if __name__=='__main__':

testunit=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(loginTest)

suite=unittest.TestSuite(testunit)

file_path="D:html_report.html"

fp=open(file_path,'wb')

runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='登錄測試',description='測試執行結果')

runner.run(suite)

fp.close()

sendEmail(file_path)

---

今天就先到這里，一個入門級的自動化測試框架，由于是非專業開發自學，拿出來給大家分享，編程代碼可能有點不規范，命名也很隨意。大家先將就著看吧！回頭慢慢完善。

還要多向大佬們學習。

備注：有想一起自學的朋友可以看配置文件代碼，一起交流。三人行必有我師焉