如何發現假庫存照片（并將合適的人歸于屬性）

Spammers and other unscrupulous advertisers are always looking for new ways to get you click on their pages. One of the latest tactics is to steal popular and useful stock images—like the kind you sometimes see in news articles—and re-upload them elsewhere.

垃圾郵件發送者和其他不道德的廣告客戶一直在尋找使您點擊其頁面的新方法。最新策略之一是竊取流行且有用的圖片，例如您有時在新聞文章中看到的圖片，然后將其重新上傳到其他位置。

If part of your job is finding and using images, and more importantly, making sure it’s legal to use them and to properly attribute them, this can be a serious problem. Fortunately, there are ways to protect yourself.

如果您的工作之一是查找和使用圖像，更重要的是，確保使用和正確分配圖像合法，那么這將是一個嚴重的問題。幸運的是，有一些方法可以保護自己。

為什么要偽造免費圖片？ (Why Fake a Free Image?)

So why would someone try to fake a free stock image if even the original photographer isn’t getting paid for it? It’s actually the free part that makes it lucrative: spammers are looking for stock photos that are posted with licensing terms that allow them to be used freely and modified, especially if that includes for-profit applications.

那么，即使連原始攝影師也沒有得到報酬，為什么有人會偽造免費的庫存圖片呢？它實際上是使它賺錢的免費部分：垃圾郵件發送者正在尋找帶有許可條款發布的股票照片，以使它們可以自由使用和修改，尤其是在其中包括營利性應用程序時。

The hook, as it were, is in the credit. A responsible writer or publisher always credits their photos in the article. Spammers are taking advantage of that courtesy: on popular sites like Flickr, they’ll upload other people’s photos and insist that you credit to a link to an external website. And that website is what they actually want to drive traffic to.

鉤子確實是值得的。負責任的作家或出版商總是將其照片歸功于文章。垃圾郵件發送者正在利用這種禮貌：在Flickr等受歡迎的網站上，他們將上傳其他人的照片，并堅稱您相信指向外部網站的鏈接。而該網站正是他們實際想要吸引訪問量的地方。

In fact, the traffic is secondary: by building up a network of links all going to a third-party site, they can enhance its search engine optimization and drive it up the rankings on tools like Google, irrespective of its actual content or value. It’s a dishonest way to create traffic for the web, and it’s built upon the theft of images from honest stock photographers.

實際上，訪問量是次要的：通過建立一個鏈接均鏈接到第三方站點的鏈接網絡，他們可以增強其搜索引擎的優化能力，并提高其在Google等工具上的排名，而無需考慮其實際內容或價值。這是一種為網絡創建流量的不誠實方法，它是建立在誠實的股票攝影師盜竊圖像的基礎上的。

陰暗的歸因鏈接是無用的禮物 (Shady Attribution Links Are a Dead Giveaway)

Take this image, for example. I used it as a generic illustration of a public relations office in an article last year. You can see it at this Flickr address, and using the site’s tools, it’s tagged with a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 generic license. That means that it’s free to use and modify for use in any other project, even if that project is part of a for-profit enterprise. The only restriction is that attribution (credit) must be given to the original photographer.

以這張圖片為例。去年，我在一篇文章中將其用作公共關系辦公室的一般說明。您可以在此Flickr地址上看到它，并使用網站的工具為它標記一個Creative Commons Attribution 2.0通用許可證。這意味著，即使該項目是營利性企業的一部分，它也可以自由使用和修改以用于其他任何項目。唯一的限制是必須對原始攝影師賦予出處(信用)。

And there’s the rub: the Flickr user isn’t the original photographer. I didn’t find the image on Flickr, I found it on stock photo site Pexels, originally uploaded by Eric Bailey in 2014. The Flickr image, from someone calling themselves “Hamza Butt,” was uploaded to the site on June 28th of 2017. It’s a fake.

麻煩的是：Flickr用戶不是原始攝影師。我沒有在Flickr上找到該圖片，而是在照片圖片網站Pexels上找到了該圖片，該圖片最初由Eric Bailey于2014年上傳。該Flickr圖片來自一個自稱為“ Hamza Butt”的人，于2017年6月28日上傳到該網站是假的

Now here’s the real kicker. The Flickr description says to credit a third-party website instead of Flickr, or even the photographer. That site advertises a series of treadmills from a single manufacturer, and what a coincidence: the article is dated just a few days before the copied photo was uploaded to Flickr. And of course, the site itself doesn’t even include the image in question.

現在是真正的踢腳者。 Flickr說明說要歸功于第三方網站，而不是Flickr甚至是攝影師。該網站刊登了來自一家制造商的一系列跑步機的廣告，這是一個巧合：該文章的日期僅是將復制的照片上傳到Flickr之前的幾天。當然，網站本身甚至不包含相關圖片。

Looking through the other photos uploaded by “Hamza Butt,” you can see that every single one includes generous licensing terms (searchable with Flickr’s filters) and an insistence that any use of the image must be attributed to cheap advertising sites. The entire profile is nothing but a link farm, and it’s perpetuating itself by uploading generic, useful stock images that can be spread around the web.

瀏覽“ Hamza Butt”上傳的其他照片，您會發現每個照片都包含慷慨的許可條款(可使用Flickr的過濾器進行搜索)，并堅持認為對圖片的任何使用都必須歸因于廉價的廣告網站。整個配置文件不過是一個鏈接服務器場，它通過上傳可以在網絡上傳播的通用，有用的庫存圖片而得以延續。

檢查圖像信息并反向搜索偽造的圖像 (Check Image Info and Reverse Image Searches for Fakes)

So asking for links to an unrelated website is an obvious clue that a stock image is a fake. But how else can you protect yourself when looking for legitimate images to use and credit? First of all, just be wary in general: since this new spamming and link farming technique has sprung up, popular sites like Flickr have been inundated with fake uploads, nearly all of them including free commercial use, free editing, and compulsory attribution in their licensing terms. Whenever you’re searching for something with those parameters, be extra careful.

因此，要求鏈接到一個不相關的網站是一個顯而易見的線索，即股票圖像是偽造的。但是，在尋找合法圖像以供使用和信譽時，您還能如何保護自己？首先，總體上要保持警惕：由于這種新的垃圾郵件和鏈接農業技術如雨后春筍般出現，像Flickr這樣的流行網站已被偽造的內容所淹沒，幾乎所有內容都包括免費商業用途，免費編輯和強制歸因于其內容。許可條款。每當您搜索帶有這些參數的內容時，請格外小心。

Second, check the tags: in order to maximize visibility in search, spammers will tag these photos as broadly as possible. Hamza Butt sometimes includes more than 20 tags on photos for this reason. Now, there are plenty of legitimate photographers who do the same thing for the same reason, high visibility, so don’t take this one indicator as immediate proof of nefarious intent.

其次，檢查標簽：為了最大程度地提高搜索的知名度，垃圾郵件發送者將對這些照片進行盡可能廣泛的標記。為此，Hamza Butt有時在照片上包含20多個標簽。現在，有很多合法的攝影師出于相同的原因和高度的知名度而做同樣的事情，因此不要將此指標作為邪惡意圖的直接證據。

Third, download a copy of the photo and use a reverse image search tool, like Google Images or TinEye. If it shows up on a different site with a different photographer giving credit, and especially if that version of the photo is significantly older and has different terms, you’ve probably found a fake. Look around for the oldest copy you can: if any one of them includes terms that don’t allow re-use or restrict corporate use or editing, it’s probably safest just to look for a different image.

第三，下載照片副本并使用反向圖像搜索工具，例如Google Images或TinEye 。如果它出現在不同的站點上，并且由不同的攝影師表示感謝，尤其是如果該照片的版本明顯較舊且具有不同的術語，則可能是您發現了假冒產品。環顧四周，尋找最舊的副本：如果其中任何一個包含不允許重復使用或限制公司使用或編輯的字詞，則尋找另一張圖片可能是最安全的。

Let’s try another one of “Hamza’s” images for example. This image of a man doing a pushup could be perfect for almost any general fitness page, and what do you know, it hits all of our alarms at once. It’s licensed for free corporate use and editing with attribution, it’s stuffed with general tags, and it begs users to credit a fake site for rowing machine reviews.

例如，讓我們嘗試另一張“ Hamza的”圖像。這個男人俯臥撐的圖像幾乎適用于所有常規健身頁面，您知道嗎，它會立即觸發我們的所有警報。它已獲得免費提供給企業使用和帶歸屬進行編輯的許可，里面塞滿了通用標簽，并且懇請用戶將虛假網站歸功于劃船機的評測。

Downloading a copy of the photo and re-uploading it into Google Image search shows it’s being used on a lot of fitness sites like Nurse Buff and Minneapolis Running…and also on the free stock image site Pixabay, where it’s posted with the same terms and no attribution necessary. It’s also in an album with many similar photos using the same model, and it was uploaded more than a year before the Flickr version, making it much more likely that this is the original uploader. If you’re in any doubt, be sure to check out these tips on finding the original sources of images online.

下載照片的副本并將其重新上傳到Google圖像搜索后，表明該圖片已在許多健身網站(如Nurse Buff和Minneapolis Running)上使用，并且在免費的圖片網站Pixabay中使用相同的術語發布，并且無需注明出處。它也存在于相冊中，其中包含許多使用相同模型的相似照片，并且在Flickr版本之前已上傳了一年多，這使其更有可能是原始上傳者。如有任何疑問，請務必查看有關在線查找原始圖像來源的提示。

When you’re looking for stock images, be aware of this new spamming technique. It’s getting harder and harder to spot the genuine article.

當您查找庫存圖像時，請注意這種新的垃圾郵件發送技術。發現真正的文章越來越難。

Image credit (a real one): Joey Pilgrim

圖片來源(真實)： Joey Pilgrim