長時間曝光計算_如何拍攝好長時間曝光的照片

長時間曝光計算

In long exposure photography, you take a picture with a slow shutter speed—generally somewhere between five and sixty seconds—so that any movement in the scene gets blurred. It’s a way to show the passage of time in a single image. Let’s look at how to do them right.

在長時間曝光攝影中，您以較低的快門速度(通常在5到60秒之間的某個時間)拍攝照片，從而使場景中的任何運動都變得模糊。這是在單個圖像中顯示時間流逝的一種方式。讓我們看看如何正確地做它們。

Long exposure photography is all about showing movement and time passing in a single photo; it’s one of the ways you can show motion in still images. While you can use long exposure times to take photos of subjects that you want to stay still—such as the night sky—these aren’t strictly long exposure images because, unless you’re deliberately shooting star trails, they don’t show motion.

長時間曝光攝影就是要在單張照片??中顯示運動和時間。這是您可以在靜止圖像中顯示運動的一種方式。雖然您可以使用較長的曝光時間來拍攝想要保持靜止的物體(例如夜空)的照片，但這些圖像并不是嚴格的長時間曝光圖像，因為除非您故意拍攝星跡，否則它們不會顯示運動。

The classic examples—and some of the most popular long exposure subjects—are photos of bodies of water like the sea or waterfalls. Look at the long exposure image below. I’ve used a shutter speed of 10 seconds to blur and smooth the water and clouds, giving them an ethereal quality. This is the long exposure look.

典型的例子(以及一些最受歡迎的長時間曝光的對象)是諸如大海或瀑布之類的水體的照片。請看下面的長時間曝光圖像。我使用10秒的快門速度來模糊和平滑水和云，從而賦予它們空靈的品質。這是長時間曝光的外觀。

I took the next shot about ten minutes later. I’ve used a shutter speed of 1/100th of a second here, and you can see that the water and clouds look very different from the long exposure shot above.

大約十分鐘后，我拍攝了下一張照片。我在這里使用的快門速度為1/100秒，您可以看到水和云看起來與上面的長時間曝光截然不同。

技術資料 (The Technical Stuff)

For a long exposure image, you’re really only after one thing: a slow shutter speed. You’ll start to get the long exposure look at around half a second for fast moving subjects, but generally, you’ll want a shutter speed of between ten and thirty seconds. For some photos, you might even want to go much longer. Every other decision you make will be in service to this goal.

對于長時間曝光的圖像，您實際上只需要一件事：較低的快門速度。對于快速移動的拍攝對象，您將開始獲得大約半秒鐘的長時間曝光，但是通常，您希望快門速度在10到30秒之間。對于某些照片，您甚至可能想走更長的時間。您做出的所有其他決定都將有助于實現這一目標。

A tripod is essential. Without one, you won’t be able to get sharp pictures at slow shutter speeds. So don’t leave home without your tripod.

三腳架必不可少。沒有一個，您將無法在低快門速度下獲得清晰的圖像。所以不要在沒有三腳架的情況下離開家。

Unless you have a compelling reason not to, always set your ISO to the camera’s native setting. For almost all cameras, that’s 100. This gives you the slowest shutter speeds and the highest quality images.

除非您有令人信服的理由，否則請始終將ISO設置為相機的本機設置。對于幾乎所有相機來說，都是100。這使您擁有最慢的快門速度和最高質量的圖像。

Aperture is a little trickier to set. With most lenses, you’ll start to see a drop in image quality after around f/18. Around f/16 is normally considered to offer the best balance between a slow shutter speed and a sharp image so it’s the best starting place for long exposure images. You normally want a large depth of field anyway.

光圈設置有些棘手。對于大多數鏡頭，f / 18左右后，您會開始發現圖像質量下降。通常認為f / 16左右可在慢快門速度和清晰圖像之間提供最佳平衡，因此它是長時間曝光圖像的最佳起點。無論如何，您通常都希望有較大的景深。

If you’ve set your ISO to 100 and the aperture to f/16 and you still aren’t getting a slow enough shutter speed for the shot you want, you should consider using a neutral density filter instead of a tighter aperture or low ISO mode. Neutral density filters go in front of the lens and block between one and ten stops of light from entering the camera. For example, if you get a proper exposure with a shutter speed of one second without a ND filter, adding a three stop filter will take the shutter speed needed for a proper exposure to eight seconds; a six stop filter will take it to 64 seconds.

如果您已將ISO設置為100，并將光圈設置為f / 16，但仍無法獲得足夠慢的快門速度以進行所需的拍攝，則應考慮使用中性密度濾鏡，而不是使用更窄的光圈或較低的ISO模式。中性密度濾光片進入鏡頭前，并阻擋一到十個光闌進入相機。例如，如果您在不使用ND濾鏡的情況下以1秒的快門速度進行了適當的曝光，則添加三檔濾鏡將使正確曝光所需的快門速度達到8秒；一個六檔過濾器將使它達到64秒。

Most cameras have a maximum shutter speed of thirty seconds. If you want to go beyond this, you’ll need to use Bulb mode and time the exposure yourself.

大多數相機的最大快門速度為三十秒。如果您想超越此范圍，則需要使用Bulb模式并自行設置曝光時間。

其他技巧 (Other Tips and Tricks)

The best time to take long exposure photos are in the hours around sunrise and sunset. Not only do you get great light, but since there’s less of it, it’s easier to have slower shutter speeds. You can take long exposure shots at midday, but you’ll need to stack the ND filters.

長時間曝光照片的最佳時間是在日出和日落之間。您不僅會獲得優質的光線，而且由于光線較少，因此快門速度較慢也更容易。您可以在中午進行長時間曝光拍攝，但是您需要堆疊ND濾鏡。

The longer the exposure time, the more things will blur and the less texture and definition you’ll have in the moving areas of the image. You always need to find the right balance for the look you’re after. One day last year, I went to shoot waves breaking over a local pier. I originally started with a shutter speed of eight seconds and this was the result. It’s not great.

曝光時間越長，模糊的事物越多，并且在圖像的移動區域中所具有的紋理和清晰度就越低。您始終需要為想要的外觀找到合適的平衡。去年的一天，我去拍攝海浪拍打著當地的碼頭。我最初以八秒的快門速度開始，這就是結果。不好

I was dramatically over estimating how long a shutter speed I wanted for the image I had in mind. Here’s a shot I took at 1/5th of a second. Much better.

我對于估算想要的圖像需要多長時間的快門速度感到震驚。這是我在1/5秒內拍攝的照片。好多了。

Play around with different subjects. Water is one of the simplest and can lead to stunning results, but anything that moves can work. Bright objects that move at night—like cars or ferris wheels—are another easy starting place that look great.

玩弄不同的主題。水是最簡單的水之一，可以帶來驚人的效果，但是任何移動的東西都可以起作用。夜間移動的明亮物體(例如汽車或摩天輪)是另一個容易看起的好地方。

Long exposure images work best when you have something moving contrasted with something totally stationary. This is why they’re so popular with landscape photographers. While the water looks cool in all the photos in this article, if it wasn’t for the rocks or landscapes, it would just look like a blurry mess.

當您將移動的物體與完全靜止的物體形成對比時，長時間曝光的圖像效果最佳。這就是為什么它們在風景攝影師中如此受歡迎的原因。盡管本文中所有照片中的水看起來都很酷，但是如果不是巖石或風景，那看起來就像是一片混亂。

Since you have to slow down anyway to take long exposure images, they’re a great time to put serious thought into composition. You can also use them as an opportunity to play around with limited color palettes.

由于無論如何您都必須放慢速度才能拍攝長時間曝光的圖像，因此這是個認真思考構圖的好時機。您也可以利用它們作為機會來使用有限的調色板。

Long exposure images are incredibly rewarding. They’re one of the few areas of photography where smartphone cameras just can’t compete.?Most long exposure images are also landscapes, so be sure to check out our guide to great landscape photos as well.

長時間曝光的圖像令人難以置信。它們是智能手機相機無法競爭的少數攝影領域之一。大多數長時間曝光的圖像也是風景，因此也請務必查看我們有關風景照片的指南。

Image Credits: Giancarlo Revolledo, Sebastian Davenport-Handley via Unsplash.

圖片來源： Giancarlo Revolledo ，塞巴斯蒂安·達文波特·漢德利，攝于Unsplash。