1. 前置條件

• Android Studio：確保使用最新版本（2023.3.1+）
• 目標 API：最低 API 21，兼容 Android 8.0（渠道）和 13+（權限）
• 依賴庫：使用 WorkManager 和 NotificationCompat

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2. 完整實現步驟

2.1 添加權限和依賴

AndroidManifest.xml

<!-- 通知權限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" /> <!-- Android 13+ 必須 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <!-- 若需網絡請求 --><application><!-- 添加你的主 Activity --><activityandroid:name=".MainActivity"android:exported="true"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /><category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /></intent-filter></activity>
</application>

build.gradle (Module)

dependencies {// WorkManager 用于后臺任務implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.1"// 通知兼容庫implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:1.12.0"
}

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2.2 創建通知渠道（Android 8.0+ 必需）

NotificationHelper.kt

import android.app.NotificationChannel
import android.app.NotificationManager
import android.content.Context
import android.os.Buildobject NotificationHelper {const val CHANNEL_ID = "dynamic_messages_channel"const val NOTIFICATION_ID = 101 // 用于更新同一通知fun createNotificationChannel(context: Context) {if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {// 避免重復創建渠道val notificationManager = context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManagerif (notificationManager.getNotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID) != null) return// 配置渠道屬性val name = "動態消息"val importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGHval channel = NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, name, importance).apply {description = "用于接收實時動態消息的推送"enableLights(true)lightColor = android.graphics.Color.RED}notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel)}}
}

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2.3 構建動態通知

NotificationUtils.kt

import android.app.PendingIntent
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat
import com.example.myapp.R // 替換為你的包名object NotificationUtils {fun showDynamicNotification(context: Context,title: String,message: String) {// 創建點擊跳轉邏輯（示例跳轉到 MainActivity）val intent = Intent(context, MainActivity::class.java).apply {flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK}val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context,0,intent,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT or PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE)// 構建通知val builder = NotificationCompat.Builder(context, NotificationHelper.CHANNEL_ID).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification) // 必須的圖標（需在 res/drawable 添加）.setContentTitle(title).setContentText(message).setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_HIGH).setContentIntent(pendingIntent).setAutoCancel(true) // 點擊后自動消失.setStyle(NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle().bigText(message)) // 長文本支持// 發送通知with(NotificationManagerCompat.from(context)) {if (NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).areNotificationsEnabled()) {notify(NotificationHelper.NOTIFICATION_ID, builder.build())}}}// 更新通知（使用相同 ID）fun updateNotification(context: Context, newTitle: String, newMessage: String) {val builder = NotificationCompat.Builder(context, NotificationHelper.CHANNEL_ID).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification).setContentTitle(newTitle).setContentText(newMessage)NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).notify(NotificationHelper.NOTIFICATION_ID, builder.build())}
}

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2.4 后臺任務調度（WorkManager）

NotificationWorker.kt

import android.content.Context
import androidx.work.CoroutineWorker
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters
import kotlinx.coroutines.delayclass NotificationWorker(context: Context,params: WorkerParameters
) : CoroutineWorker(context, params) {override suspend fun doWork(): Result {// 模擬網絡請求延遲delay(3000)// 獲取動態數據（此處為模擬數據，實際需替換為真實邏輯）val title = "您有新的消息！"val content = "當前時間：${System.currentTimeMillis()}"// 顯示通知NotificationUtils.showDynamicNotification(applicationContext, title, content)return Result.success()}
}

調度任務（在 MainActivity 中）

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.work.PeriodicWorkRequestBuilder
import androidx.work.WorkManager
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnitclass MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)// 初始化通知渠道NotificationHelper.createNotificationChannel(this)// 請求通知權限（Android 13+）requestNotificationPermission()// 啟動周期性后臺任務（每15分鐘一次）val workRequest = PeriodicWorkRequestBuilder<NotificationWorker>(15, TimeUnit.MINUTES // 注意：最短間隔為15分鐘).build()WorkManager.getInstance(this).enqueue(workRequest)}private fun requestNotificationPermission() {if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {if (checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) !=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {requestPermissions(arrayOf(android.Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS),REQUEST_CODE_NOTIFICATION)}}}companion object {private const val REQUEST_CODE_NOTIFICATION = 1001}
}

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2.5 處理權限請求結果

在 MainActivity 中重寫 onRequestPermissionsResult：

override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int,permissions: Array<String>,grantResults: IntArray
) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)when (requestCode) {REQUEST_CODE_NOTIFICATION -> {if (grantResults.isNotEmpty() && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {// 用戶已授權} else {// 處理拒絕邏輯（例如顯示提示）}}}
}

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3. 擴展優化建議

3.1 結合網絡請求

使用 Retrofit + Kotlin Coroutines 獲取真實數據：

// 在 NotificationWorker 中替換模擬數據
val response = apiService.fetchMessages()
if (response.isSuccessful) {val message = response.body()?.latestMessagemessage?.let {NotificationUtils.showDynamicNotification(context, it.title, it.content)}
}

3.2 通知分組（Android 7.0+）

val builder = NotificationCompat.Builder(...).setGroup("messages_group").setGroupSummary(true) // 分組摘要

3.3 通知操作按鈕

// 添加“標記已讀”操作
val readIntent = Intent(context, MarkReadReceiver::class.java)
val readPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(...)
builder.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(R.drawable.ic_check,"標記已讀",readPendingIntent).build()
)

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4. 常見問題解決

1. 通知不顯示

   • 檢查是否在 Android 13+ 設備上授予了權限
   • 確保通知渠道已正確創建
   • 驗證 setSmallIcon 使用了有效的資源 ID

2. 后臺任務不觸發

   • 確保 WorkManager 依賴已添加
   • 檢查設備是否處于 Doze 模式（測試時可暫時禁用）

3. 通知點擊無響應

   • 確認 PendingIntent 的 FLAG_IMMUTABLE 正確使用
   • 檢查目標 Activity 是否在 Manifest 中注冊

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可進一步結合 Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) 實現服務端消息推送，或添加更復雜的交互邏輯。