外星人入侵（python設計小游戲）

這個游戲簡而言之就是操作一個飛機對前方的飛船進行射擊，和一款很久之前的游戲很像，這里是超級低配版那個游戲，先來看看效果圖：

由于設計的是全屏的，所以電腦不能截圖。。。。

下面的就是你操控的飛船，上面的是要消滅的外星艦隊，左上角是剩余的生命，中間是歷史最高分，右邊是當前分數以及當前階段。

每當你消滅完整個外星艦隊時，就會進入下一階段，各種屬性都會得到提升。下面話不多說，直接展示完整代碼：

1.image

首先是圖片素材，我都放在了image這個文件夾里面：

可以直接復制我這個圖片，我這個后綴是bmp，如果用網上找的圖片的話要注意一下后綴問題，不然有一部分代碼會報錯的，需要自己更改

2.alian_invasion.py

這個是整個項目的主文件，運行的時候要在這個文件下面運行，里面注釋寫的比較完整，可以直接看詳細的注釋，相關代碼如下：

import sys
import pygamefrom settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import  Alien
from time import sleep
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboardclass AlienInvasion():"""管理游戲資源和行為的類"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戲并創建游戲資源"""pygame.init()self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()self.settings = Settings()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().widthself.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().heightpygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#創建一個用于存儲游戲統計信息的實例self.stats = GameStats(self)self.sb = Scoreboard(self)self.ship = Ship(self)self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()self._create_fleet()#游戲啟動后處于非存活狀態self.game_active = False#創造play按鈕self.play_button = Button(self,"play")def run_game(self):"""開始游戲的主循環"""while True:self._check_events()if self.game_active:self.ship.update()self._update_bullets()self._update_aliens()self._update_screen()self.clock.tick(60)def _check_events(self):# 監聽鍵盤和鼠標事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self._check_keydown_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self._check_keyup_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):"""在玩家點擊play時開始新的游戲"""button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)if button_clicked and not self.game_active:#還原游戲設置self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#重置游戲的統計信息self.stats.reset_stats()self.sb.prep_score()self.sb.prep_level()self.sb.prep_ships()self.game_active = True#清空外星人列表和子彈列表self.bullets.empty()self.aliens.empty()#創造一個新的外星艦隊，并將飛船放在屏幕下方的中央self._create_fleet()self.ship.center_ship()#隱藏光標pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)def _check_keydown_events(self,event):"""響應按下"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self._fire_bullet()def _fire_bullet(self):"""創造一個子彈，并將其加入編組buttle"""if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullet_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(self)self.bullets.add(new_bullet)def _check_keyup_events(self,event):"""響應釋放"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Falsedef _update_screen(self):# 每次循環都重繪屏幕self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()self.ship.blitme()self.aliens.draw(self.screen)#顯示得分self.sb.show_score()#如果游戲處于非存活狀態，就繪制play按鈕if not self.game_active:self.play_button.draw_button()# 讓最近繪制的屏幕可見pygame.display.flip()def _update_bullets(self):self.bullets.update()# 刪除已消失的子彈for bullet in self.bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:self.bullets.remove(bullet)self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()def _create_fleet(self):"""創造外星艦隊"""#創造一個外星人alien = Alien(self)alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.sizecurrent_x,current_y = alien_width,alien_heightwhile current_y < (self.settings.screen_height - 3 * alien_height):while current_x < (self.settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width):self._creat_alien(current_x,current_y)current_x += 2 * alien_width#添加一個外星人后，重置x值并遞增y值current_x = alien_widthcurrent_y += 2 * alien_heightdef _creat_alien(self,x_position,y_position):"""創造一個外星人，并將其放入外星艦隊"""new_alien = Alien(self)new_alien.x = x_positionnew_alien.rect.x = x_positionnew_alien.rect.y = y_positionself.aliens.add(new_alien)def _check_fleet_edges(self):"""有外星人到達邊界時采取響應的措施"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():self._change_fleet_direction()breakdef _change_fleet_direction(self):"""將整個外星艦隊向下移動，并改變方向"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speedself.settings.fleet_direction *= -1def _update_aliens(self):"""更新外星人的位置"""self._check_fleet_edges()self.aliens.update()#檢測外星人和飛船之間的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):self._ship_hit()#檢查是否有外星人到達了屏幕的下邊緣self._check_aliens_bottom()def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):# 檢測是否有子彈擊中了外星人# 如果是，就刪除相應的子彈和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)self.sb.prep_score()self.sb.check_high_score()if not self.aliens:# 刪除現有的子彈創造一個新的外星艦隊self.bullets.empty()self._create_fleet()self.settings.increase_speed()#提高等級self.stats.level += 1self.sb.prep_level()def _ship_hit(self):"""響應飛船和外星人的碰撞"""if self.stats.ships_left > 0:#將ships_left減1并更新計分板self.stats.ships_left -= 1self.sb.prep_ships()self.bullets.empty()self.aliens.empty()self._create_fleet()self.ship.center_ship()sleep(0.5)else:self.game_active = Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def _check_aliens_bottom(self):"""檢查是否有外星人到達了屏幕的下邊緣"""for alien in self.aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= self.settings.screen_height:#像飛船一樣被處理self._ship_hit()breakif __name__ == '__main__':#創建游戲實例并運行游戲ai = AlienInvasion()ai.run_game()

3.alien.py

這個是管理外星人的類，詳細代碼如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""表示單個外星人的類"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化外星人并設置其起始位置"""super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settings#加載外星人圖像并設置其rect屬性self.image = pygame.image.load('image/alien.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每個外星人最初都在屏幕的左上角附近self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height#存儲外星人的精確位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)def check_edges(self):"""如果外星人位于屏幕邊界，返回true"""screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()return (self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right) or (self.rect.left <= 0)def update(self):"""向右移動外星人"""self.x += self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_directionself.rect.x = self.x

4.bullet.py

管理飛船發射子彈的類，詳細的代碼如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):"""管理飛船所發射子彈的類"""def __init__(self,ai_game):super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settingsself.color = self.settings.bullet_color#在(0,0)處創造一個表達子彈的矩形，再設置正確的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtopself.y = float(self.rect.y)def update(self):"""向上移動子彈"""self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed#更新表示子彈的rect的位置self.rect.y = self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""再屏幕上繪制子彈"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

5.button.py

管理游戲創造按鈕的類，下面是詳細的代碼：

import pygame.fontclass Button:"""為游戲創造按鈕的類"""def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):"""初始化按鈕的屬性"""self.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()#按鈕尺寸和其他屬性self.width,self.height = 200,50self.button_color = (0,135,0)self.text_colot = (255,255,255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#創造按鈕的rect對象，并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center#按鈕標簽只需要創造一次self._prep_msg(msg)def _prep_msg(self,msg):"""將msg渲染成圖像愛過你，并將其在按鈕上居中"""self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_colot,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):"""繪制一個用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本"""self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

6.game_stats.py

管理游戲信息的類，詳細的代碼如下：

class GameStats:"""跟蹤游戲的統計信息"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""統計初始信息"""self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.reset_stats()#在任何情況下都不應該重置最高分self.high_score = 0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化在游戲運行期間可能變化的統計信息"""self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limitself.score = 0self.level = 1

7.scoreboard.py

關于游戲得分的類，詳細代碼如下：

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Groupfrom ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:"""顯示游戲得分的類"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化顯示得分的屬性"""self.ai_game = ai_gameself.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()self.settings =ai_game.settingsself.stats = ai_game.stats#顯示得分信息時用的字體self.text_color = (30,30,30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#準備初始得分圖像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""將得分渲染成圖像"""rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)score_str = f"{rounded_score:,}"self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#在屏幕右上角顯示得分self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上顯示得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)self.ships.draw(self.screen)def prep_high_score(self):"""將最高分渲染成圖像"""high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)high_score_str = f"{high_score:,}"self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#將最高分放在屏幕頂部的中央self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.topdef check_high_score(self):"""檢查是否產生了新高分"""if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:self.stats.high_score = self.stats.scoreself.prep_high_score()def prep_level(self):"""將等級渲染成圖像"""level_str = str(self.stats.level)self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)#將等級放在得分下面self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10def prep_ships(self):"""顯示還剩下多少飛船"""self.ships = Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship = Ship(self.ai_game)ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.widthship.rect.y = 10self.ships.add(ship)

8.settings.py

關于游戲設置的類，詳細代碼如下：

class Settings:"""初始化游戲的靜態設置"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戲設置"""#屏幕設置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (230,230,230)#飛船的設置self.ship_speed = 1.5self.ship_limit = 3#子彈設置self.bullet_speed = 2.5self.bullet_width = 3self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)self.bullet_allowed = 3#外星人設置self.alien_speed = 1.0self.fleet_drop_speed = 10#fleet_direction為1表示向右移動，-1表示向左移動self.fleet_direction = 1#以什么速度加快游戲的節奏self.speedup_scale = 1.1#外星人分數的提高速度self.score_scale = 1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):"""初始化隨游戲進行而變化的設置"""self.ship_speed = 1.5self.bullet_speed = 2.5self.alien_speed = 1.0#fleet_direction為1表示向右，-1向左self.fleet_direction = 1# 記分設置self.alien_points = 50def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度設置的值"""self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

9.ship.py

關于飛船的類，詳細代碼如下：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):"""管理飛船的類"""def __init__(self,ai_game):"""初始化飛船并設置其初始位置"""super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settingsself.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()#加載飛船圖像并獲取外部形狀self.image = pygame.image.load('image/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每艘飛船都放在屏幕底部的中央self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom#在飛船的屬性中儲存一個浮點數self.x = float(self.rect.x)#移動標志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""根據移動標志調整飛船位置"""if self.moving_right and self.moving_right < self.screen_rect.right:self.x += self.settings.ship_speedif self.moving_left and self.moving_left > 0:self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed#根據self.x更新rect對象self.rect.x = self.xdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置繪制飛船"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""把飛船放在屏幕中間"""self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottomself.x = float(self.rect.x)

以上就是本項目的完整代碼，可以把他們放在同一個文件夾下面來運行試試。