centos 9 離線安裝 mysql 8

參考教程

1. 官網下載mysql

下載地址

2. 將文件傳輸到Centos中解壓

軟件全部安裝到了/opt中

在opt中新建mysql目錄，解壓到mysql目錄中
tar -xvf mysql壓縮文件 mysql

[root@centoshost mysql]# ls
mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-debugsource-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-test-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm

3. 安裝

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝

• 安裝server部分時報錯

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
錯誤：依賴檢測失敗：/usr/bin/perl 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3()(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3(TIRPC_0.3.0)(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3(TIRPC_0.3.3)(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要

• 安裝需要的3個軟件：

yum install perl
yum install libtirpc
yum install net-tools

• 繼續安裝：

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 頭V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
準備中...                          ################################# [100%]軟件包 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已經安裝

4. 初始化mysql，并修改mysql的文件權限

[root@centoshost /]# mysqld --initialize
[root@centoshost /]# cd /var/lib
[root@centoshost lib]# chmod -R 777 mysql

5. 查看mysql密碼

[root@centoshost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2025-04-19T23:33:47.943889Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (KfbEDtGT9Ct

6. 登錄mysql

[root@centoshost lib]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

• 如果輸入密碼老是報錯，可以免密碼登錄，修改完root密碼以后記得改回來
  1. 停止 MySQL 服務：sudo systemctl stop mysqld
  2. 以跳過權限驗證的方式啟動 MySQL：
     編輯 MySQL 的配置文件（通常是 /etc/my.cnf 或 /etc/mysql/my.cnf），在 [mysqld] 部分添加 skip-grant-tables，保存并退出編輯器。
  3. 啟動MySQL服務sudo systemctl start mysqld
  4. 無需密碼直接登錄 MySQL：mysql -uroot
• 修改root密碼：

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7. 在mysql中創建遠程訪問的用戶，可以修改root，也可以新增用戶

CREATE USER 'remote_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'remote_user'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

• 至此已經安裝完成可以在數據庫可視化工具中使用數據庫了，如果不能訪問，可能是防火墻的問題
• 修改MYSQL配置:
  配置文件/etc/my.cnf

   [mysqld]character_set_server=utf8mb4collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci

8. 設置mysql開機自啟動

sudo systemctl enable mysqld