2018-09-18

12.1 LNMP架構介紹

• 和LAMP不同的是，提供web服務的是Nginx
• 并且php是作為一個獨立服務存在的，這個服務叫做php-fpm
• Nginx直接處理靜態請求，動態請求會轉發給php-fpm

12.2 MySQL安裝

二進制免編譯包安裝

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost src]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  man  mysql-test  README  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files
[root@localhost src]# useradd mysql
[root@localhost src]# mkdir /data/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

12.3/12.4 PHP安裝

[root@localhost src]# tar zxf php-5.6.30.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# yum install -y libxml2-devel openssl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel
[root@localhost src]# cd php-5.6.30
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl  --with-openssl
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# make && make install
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf 
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chkconfig php-fpm on

12.5 Nginx介紹

• Nginx官網 nginx.org，最新版1.13，最新穩定版1.12
• Nginx應用場景：web服務、反向代理、負載均衡
• Nginx著名分支，淘寶基于Nginx開發的Tengine，使用上和Nginx一致，服務名，配置文件名都一樣，和Nginx的最大區別在于Tenging增加了一些定制化模塊，在安全限速方面表現突出，另外它支持對js，css合并
• Nginx核心+lua相關的組件和模塊組成了一個支持lua的高性能web容器openresty，參考http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2280928

12.6 Nginx安裝

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.12.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# make &&  make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx SettingsNGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"start() 
{echo -n $"Starting $prog: "mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_tempdaemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONFRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL
}stop() 
{echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERMrm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_tempRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL
}reload()
{echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUPRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL
}restart()
{stopstart
}configtest()
{$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -treturn 0
}case "$1" instart)start;;stop)stop;;reload)reload;;restart)restart;;configtest)configtest;;*)echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"RETVAL=1
esacexit $RETVAL
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig nginx on 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf 
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events
{use epoll;worker_connections 6000;
}http
{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;server_names_hash_max_size 4096;log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'' $host "$request_uri" $status'' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 30;client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;connection_pool_size 256;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;request_pool_size 4k;output_buffers 4 32k;postpone_output 1460;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 256k;client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;tcp_nodelay on;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_comp_level 5;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;server{listen 80;server_name localhost;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /usr/local/nginx/html;location ~ \.php$ {include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;}    }
}
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
[root@localhost conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx  start

擴展
Nginx為什么比Apache Httpd高效：原理篇 http://www.toxingwang.com/linux-unix/linux-basic/1712.html
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/4z/IO.md?public=true
https://www.zhihu.com/question/64727674
apache和nginx工作原理比較 http://www.server110.com/nginx/201402/6543.html
概念了解：CGI，FastCGI，PHP-CGI與PHP-FPM https://www.awaimai.com/371.html