備忘錄（Memento）
Intent
在不違反封裝的情況下獲得對象的內部狀態，從而在需要時可以將對象恢復到最初狀態。
Class Diagram
- Originator：原始對象
- Caretaker：負責保存好備忘錄
- Memento：備忘錄，存儲原始對象的的狀態。備忘錄實際上有兩個接口，一個是提供給 Caretaker 的窄接口：它只能將備忘錄傳遞給其它對象；一個是提供給 Originator 的寬接口，允許它訪問到先前狀態所需的所有數據。理想情況是只允許 Originator 訪問本備忘錄的內部狀態。
Implementation
以下實現了一個簡單計算器程序，可以輸入兩個值，然后計算這兩個值的和。備忘錄模式允許將這兩個值存儲起來，然后在某個時刻用存儲的狀態進行恢復。
實現參考：Memento Pattern - Calculator Example - Java Sourcecode
/*** Originator Interface*/
public interface Calculator {// Create MementoPreviousCalculationToCareTaker backupLastCalculation();// setMementovoid restorePreviousCalculation(PreviousCalculationToCareTaker memento);int getCalculationResult();void setFirstNumber(int firstNumber);void setSecondNumber(int secondNumber);
}
/*** Originator Implementation*/
public class CalculatorImp implements Calculator {private int firstNumber;private int secondNumber;@Overridepublic PreviousCalculationToCareTaker backupLastCalculation() {// create a memento object used for restoring two numbersreturn new PreviousCalculationImp(firstNumber, secondNumber);}@Overridepublic void restorePreviousCalculation(PreviousCalculationToCareTaker memento) {this.firstNumber = ((PreviousCalculationToOriginator) memento).getFirstNumber();this.secondNumber = ((PreviousCalculationToOriginator) memento).getSecondNumber();}@Overridepublic int getCalculationResult() {// result is adding two numbersreturn firstNumber + secondNumber;}@Overridepublic void setFirstNumber(int firstNumber) {this.firstNumber = firstNumber;}@Overridepublic void setSecondNumber(int secondNumber) {this.secondNumber = secondNumber;}
}
/*** Memento Interface to Originator** This interface allows the originator to restore its state*/
public interface PreviousCalculationToOriginator {int getFirstNumber();int getSecondNumber();
}
/*** Memento interface to CalculatorOperator (Caretaker)*/
public interface PreviousCalculationToCareTaker {// no operations permitted for the caretaker
}
/*** Memento Object Implementation* <p>* Note that this object implements both interfaces to Originator and CareTaker*/
public class PreviousCalculationImp implements PreviousCalculationToCareTaker,PreviousCalculationToOriginator {private int firstNumber;private int secondNumber;public PreviousCalculationImp(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {this.firstNumber = firstNumber;this.secondNumber = secondNumber;}@Overridepublic int getFirstNumber() {return firstNumber;}@Overridepublic int getSecondNumber() {return secondNumber;}
}
/*** CareTaker object*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {// program startsCalculator calculator = new CalculatorImp();// assume user enters two numberscalculator.setFirstNumber(10);calculator.setSecondNumber(100);// find resultSystem.out.println(calculator.getCalculationResult());// Store result of this calculation in case of errorPreviousCalculationToCareTaker memento = calculator.backupLastCalculation();// user enters a numbercalculator.setFirstNumber(17);// user enters a wrong second number and calculates resultcalculator.setSecondNumber(-290);// calculate resultSystem.out.println(calculator.getCalculationResult());// user hits CTRL + Z to undo last operation and see last resultcalculator.restorePreviousCalculation(memento);// result restoredSystem.out.println(calculator.getCalculationResult());}
}
110
-273
110
JDK
- java.io.Serializable
