4khz的帶寬是指什么意思_揚聲器和耳機的Hz-KHz范圍是什么意思？

4khz的帶寬是指什么意思

If you’ve looked at high-end headphones or speakers, you’ve probably noticed numbers on the spec sheet that read something like “20Hz-20KHz.” What do these numbers mean?

如果您看過高端耳機或揚聲器，則可能已經注意到規格表上的數字顯示為“ 20Hz-20KHz”。這些數字是什么意思？

For any device that uses a standard speaker driver, the Hz-KHz value is the range of audible sound vibrations that the speaker can produce. It’s generally labeled as the “frequency response” and expressed in hertz, with kilohertz being a thousand hertz. So the typical frequency response for headphones, twenty hertz to twenty thousand hertz, is quite full indeed. More expensive models can go even higher and lower; the $700 Sony set in the image above has a range of 4Hz-100KHz.

對于任何使用標準揚聲器驅動器的設備，Hz-KHz值是揚聲器可能產生的聽覺振動范圍。通常將其標記為“頻率響應”并以赫茲表示，千赫茲為千赫茲。因此，耳機的典型頻率響應(從20赫茲到2萬赫茲)確實很滿。較昂貴的型號甚至可以更高甚至更低。上圖中設置的$ 700索尼的范圍為4Hz-100KHz。

To understand how all this works, you need to know a little about the physics of sound. Sound travels in waves. The distance between the crests (topmost points) of one wave and the next is called the wavelength. Waves with higher frequencies come closer together, and so have shorter wavelengths. Waves with lower frequencies come further apart, and so have longer wavelengths. Hertz are units used to measure frequency. One hertz is defined as one cycle per second. So, a frequency measured at 20 Hz is traveling at 20 cycles (or waves) per second.

要了解所有這些工作原理，您需要對聲音的物理知識有所了解。聲音以波浪的形式傳播。一個波的波峰(最高點)與下一個波的波峰之間的距離稱為波長。頻率較高的波靠得更近，因此波長更短。頻率較低的波相距較遠，因此波長較長。赫茲是用于測量頻率的單位。一赫茲定義為每秒一個周期。因此，以20 Hz測量的頻率每秒以20個周期(或波)傳播。

Most speakers and headphones convert electrical signals into sound by using a magnetic field to move a flexible diaphragm back and forth very quickly. Those vibrations create the sound waves that travel to our ears. How quickly those vibrations happen affect the wavelength of the sound waves, and our ears hear those different frequencies as sounds in different ranges.

大多數揚聲器和耳機都通過使用磁場使柔性振動膜快速來回移動，將電信號轉換為聲音。這些振動產生傳播到我們耳朵的聲波。這些振動發生的速度會影響聲波的波長，并且我們的耳朵會聽到不同頻率的聲音，成為不同范圍的聲音。

The vibrations that create a sound at 20 hertz are very low—a bass rumble—and have a long wavelength. It’s vibrating the driver twenty times every second. Most music and audio plays in the range of about 80 hertz to 15,0000 hertz. At 15,000 hertz the pitch is a high whine due to its extremely short wavelength, like a smoke detector alarm.

產生20赫茲聲音的振動非常低(低音隆隆聲)并且波長較長。每秒使駕駛員振動20次。大多數音樂和音頻播放的范圍在80赫茲至150000赫茲之間。由于其極短的波長，因此音調高至15,000赫茲，就像煙霧探測器報警器一樣。

We also have different styles of speakers—woofers, mid-range, and tweeters—that are specialized to play sound at specific wavelengths.

我們也有不同風格的揚聲器-低音揚聲器，中音揚聲器和高音揚聲器-專門播放特定波長的聲音。

You can easily put your speakers or headphones to the test. The video above runs through the spectrum of sound from 20Hz all the way up to 20KHz. Note that at the bottom and top of the range your speakers may not be able to reproduce the sound, especially if they’ have smaller drivers—like the one on your cell phone’s primary body speaker. You can test it out with different headphones and speakers to see which ones can reproduce the widest range of sound.

您可以輕松地將揚聲器或耳機進行測試。上面的視頻從20Hz一直到20KHz貫穿整個聲音頻譜。請注意，在此范圍的底部和頂部，揚聲器可能無法再現聲音，尤其是當它們的驅動器較小時(例如手機的主體揚聲器上的揚聲器)。您可以使用不同的耳機和揚聲器進行測試，以查看哪些耳機和揚聲器可以再現最大范圍的聲音。

The better the range for your speakers or headphones, the wider the spectrum of audible sound they can reproduce. Some can go higher and lower than the standard 20Hz-20KHz range, like 16Hz-22KHz. But is that important?

揚聲器或耳機的范圍越好，它們可以再現的可聽聲音的頻譜就越廣。有些可以高于和低于標準20Hz-20KHz范圍，例如16Hz-22KHz。但這重要嗎？

Unless your hearing is exceptionally good, not really. You see, the range of human hearing is about 20Hz-20KHz. But that’s an ideal range, covering almost all of the population. Most infants will be able to hear that full range, and a few people might be able to hear frequencies a bit higher or lower. But just like eyesight, your ability to hear deteriorates as you get older, especially for high-frequency tones. If you’re over 25 or so, you probably can’t hear above 18,000 hertz—less, if your hearing has been damaged by exposure to extremely loud sounds.

除非您的聽力特別好，否則不會。您會看到，人類的聽覺范圍約為20Hz-20KHz。但這是一個理想的范圍，幾乎可以覆蓋所有人口。大多數嬰兒將能夠聽到該范圍的聲音，而少數幾個人可能會聽到更高或更低的頻率。但是就像視力一樣，隨著年齡的增長，您的聽覺能力也會下降，尤其是對于高頻音而言。如果您的年齡超過25歲，則可能聽不到18,000赫茲以上的聲音；如果您的聽力因暴露于極高的聲音而受損，則聽不到。

So you can test your speakers all day long, but you won’t be able to tell the difference between a set with a 20Hz-20KHz range and one with a 16Hz-22KHz range if your ears are physically incapable of hearing the highest and lowest frequencies. It’s still an interesting statistic, and a set of headphones or speakers with a higher frequency response range will generally be higher-quality than one with a lower range, made with better components and engineering and producing more accurate, rich tones for music and videos. Think of it as you think of horsepower for a car’s engine: an important specification and something people generally like to know, even if they’re unlikely ever to use all 300 horsepower on the highway.

因此，您可以整天測試揚聲器，但是如果您的耳朵無法聽見最高和最低的聲音，您將無法分辨20Hz-20KHz范圍的揚聲器和16Hz-22KHz范圍的揚聲器之間的區別。頻率。這仍然是一個有趣的統計數據，具有較高頻率響應范圍的一組耳機或揚聲器通常會比具有較低頻率范圍的一組耳機或揚聲器具有更高的質量，并采用更好的組件和工程技術制成，并為音樂和視頻產生更準確，更豐富的音調。當您想到汽車發動機的馬力時，就想一想：這是一個重要的規格，人們通常都想知道，即使他們不太可能在高速公路上使用全部300馬力。

Note that this range concerns the tone or pitch of the sound you hear—not the volume of the sound, which is expressed in decibels (dB). Another way of expressing the ability to output volume is in electrical watts per driver or total watts for all drivers combined. That’s not very precise regarding sound, but it’s a decent shorthand for knowing how powerful the speakers are.

請注意，此范圍與您聽到的聲音的音調或音高有關，而不與聲音的音量有關，后者以分貝(dB)表示。表達輸出能力的另一種方式是每個驅動器的瓦數或所有驅動器的總瓦數。關于聲音，這不是很精確，但是對于了解揚聲器的強大功能來說，這是一個不錯的捷徑。

Image credit: Sony, Sennheiser, Amazon

圖片來源：索尼，森海塞爾，亞馬遜