IOS開發基礎知識--碎片13

1:運行程序報the file couldn't be opened because you don't have permission to view it?

解決辦法：項目—>targets->build settings->build options->changed the value of the "Compiler for C/C++/Objective-C" to Default Compiler. 

2:百度地圖引用

1.1如圖引用的是.framework形式開發包時，引入的命名空間則是
#import <BaiduMapAPI/BMapKit.h>//引入所有的頭文件
#import <BaiduMapAPI/BMKMapView.h>//只引入所需的單個頭文件
如果是引入用的是.a形式開發包時，引入的命名空間則是
#import “BMapKit.h"

1.2百度地圖現在提供的兩個.framework的包，一個是真機一個是測試機，可以使用終端的命令把它合成一個；

3:自定義大頭針百度地圖

- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];//百度地圖初始化_mapView=[[BMKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT-NAVBARHEIGHT)];_mapView.delegate=self;[self.view addSubview:_mapView];//標出坐標點
    [self addPointAnnotation];
}//添加標注
- (void)addPointAnnotation
{for (int i=0; i<self.coordinates.count; i++) {coordinateBean *model=self.coordinates[i];BMKPointAnnotation* pointAnnotation = [[BMKPointAnnotation alloc]init];CLLocationCoordinate2D coor;coor.latitude = model.latitude;coor.longitude = model.longitude;pointAnnotation.coordinate = coor;//通過title來起到傳值的作用pointAnnotation.title=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i];[_mapView addAnnotation:pointAnnotation];//顯示彈出窗
        [_mapView selectAnnotation:pointAnnotation animated:YES];//判斷那個是中心，沒有則0必傳參數if (i==self.selectIndex) {BMKCoordinateRegion region; ////表示范圍的結構體region.center.latitude  = model.latitude;// 中心中region.center.longitude = model.longitude;region.span.latitudeDelta = 0;//經度范圍（設置為0.1表示顯示范圍為0.2的緯度范圍）region.span.longitudeDelta = 0;//緯度范圍
            [_mapView setRegion:region];}}
}
//處理自定義彈出視圖
- (BMKAnnotationView *)mapView:(BMKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <BMKAnnotation>)annotation
{if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[BMKPointAnnotation class]]) {BMKPinAnnotationView *newAnnotationView = [[BMKPinAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"myrenameMark"];newAnnotationView.pinColor = BMKPinAnnotationColorPurple;newAnnotationView.animatesDrop = YES;// 設置該標注點動畫顯示
       newAnnotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:self.mapPointImageName];   //把大頭針換成別的圖片int selectIndex=[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue];//獲得值coordinateBean *model=[self.coordinates objectAtIndex:[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue]];UIView *popView=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 20)];UIImage *img=[UIImage imageNamed:@"mapViewBackground"];UIEdgeInsets edge=UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 20, 0, 10);img=[img resizableImageWithCapInsets:edge resizingMode:UIImageResizingModeStretch];UIImageView *myimage=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];myimage.frame=CGRectMake(30, 0, 100, 40);myimage.userInteractionEnabled=YES;[popView addSubview:myimage];//自定義顯示的內容UILabel *driverName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 15)];driverName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];driverName.text=model.title;driverName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];driverName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];driverName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;[myimage addSubview:driverName];UILabel *carName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 18, 100, 15)];carName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];carName.text=model.comments;carName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];carName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];carName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;[myimage addSubview:carName];BMKActionPaopaoView *pView = [[BMKActionPaopaoView alloc]initWithCustomView:popView];pView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 40);((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = nil;((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = pView;newAnnotationView.tag=selectIndex+10;return newAnnotationView;}return nil;
}- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
/***  @author wujunyang, 15-05-12 13:05:05**  @brief  跟對百度地圖的處理*  @param animated <#animated description#>*/
-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{[_mapView viewWillAppear];_mapView.delegate=self;_locationService.delegate=self;
}
/***  @author wujunyang, 15-01-06 10:01:53**  跟對百度地圖的處理**  @param animated <#animated description#>*/
-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{[_mapView viewWillDisappear];_mapView.delegate=nil;_locationService.delegate=nil；
}其中有個自定義model:@interface coordinateBean : NSObject
//緯度
@property(assign,nonatomic)float latitude;
//經度
@property(assign,nonatomic)float longitude;
//標題
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *title;
//注解
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *comments;
@end

?4：自動隱藏和顯示工具欄和導航條

toolbar屬性、toolbarItems與上一講的navigationBar、navigationItem類似。只不過toolbarItems沒有navigationItem的左右區分，它就自己一個人在做事，相當于沒有下屬。可以在toolbar上設置很多，比如背景顏色、背景圖片、背景樣式、大小位置（不過有些貌似設置無效），當然和navigationBar一樣，對于它的是否顯示和隱藏是由它的老爸即navigationController控制的。所以[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES animated:YES];也會把底部的toolBarItems給隱藏起來，如果要隱藏導航又不想底部toolBarItems被隱藏掉，可以用普通的view替代toolBarItems;首先在viewDidLoad里設置toolBarHidden = NO, 默認是YES（隱藏的）為了讓toolbar顯示，需要設置為NO（不隱藏）。- (void)viewDidLoad
{[super viewDidLoad];self.title = @"隱藏導航欄";// self.toolbarItemsself.navigationController.toolbar.barStyle = self.toolBar.barStyle;self.navigationController.toolbarHidden = NO;[self.navigationController.toolbar setTranslucent:YES];self.toolbarItems = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:self.toolBar.items] autorelease];
}在點擊中間button的時候的顯示和隱藏navigation bar和toolBar實現代碼如下：- (IBAction)toggleNavigationBar:(id)sender
{//Check the current state of the navigation bar...BOOL navBarState = [self.navigationController isNavigationBarHidden];//Set the navigationBarHidden to the opposite of the current state.[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES];[self.navigationController setToolbarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES];//Change the label on the button.if (navBarState){[button setTitle:@"隱藏 Navigationr and toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal];[button setTitle:@"隱藏 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];}else{[button setTitle:@"顯示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal];[button setTitle:@"顯示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];}
}

5：View代碼結構的一些建議

在viewDidload里面只做addSubview的事情，然后在viewWillAppear里面做布局的事情，最后在viewDidAppear里面做Notification的監聽之類的事情。至于屬性的初始化，則交給getter去做。@interface CustomObject()
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label;
@end@implement#pragma mark - life cycle- (void)viewDidLoad
{[super viewDidLoad];[self.view addSubview:self.label];
}- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{[super viewWillAppear:animated];self.label.frame = CGRectMake(1, 2, 3, 4);
}#pragma mark - getters and setters- (UILabel *)label
{if (_label == nil) {_label = [[UILabel alloc] init];_label.text = @"1234";_label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];... ...}return label;
}
@end注意：*重點，在get方法里面不能寫self.noLabel；千萬不要用“點”語法，這樣會造成get方法死循環，因為“點”語法就是調用的get方法，所以要用下劃線屬性名的方法得到對象（在內存這其實是一個指針）。

@interface MasonryViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIView *conView;
@property(nonatomic,assign)int intstate;
@end@implementation MasonryViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];[self.view addSubview:self.conView];
}
//懶加載
-(UIView *)conView
{if(_conView==nil){_conView=[[UIView alloc]init];_conView.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];}return _conView;
}-(int)intstate
{_intstate=0;return _intstate;
}//布局約束
-(void)viewDidLayoutSubviews
{[self.conView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {make.top.equalTo(self.view.mas_top).with.offset(100);make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(60);make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(0);make.height.equalTo(@50);}];
}- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

?

6: iOS中的生成隨機數方法

生成0-x之間的隨機正整數int value =arc4random_uniform(x ＋ 1);生成隨機正整數int value = arc4random() 通過arc4random() 獲取0到x-1之間的整數的代碼如下：int value = arc4random() % x; 獲取1到x之間的整數的代碼如下: int value = (arc4random() % x) + 1; 最后如果想生成一個浮點數，可以在項目中定義如下宏：#define ARC4RANDOM_MAX      0x100000000 然后就可以使用arc4random() 來獲取0到100之間浮點數了（精度是rand（）的兩倍），代碼如下：double val = floorf(((double)arc4random() / ARC4RANDOM_MAX) * 100.0f);實例(從數組中隨機顯示出一個背景圖,再通過網絡加載顯示出來):self.bgView=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)];self.bgView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"];[self.view addSubview:self.bgView];[self.view sendSubviewToBack:self.bgView];NSDictionary *params=[[NSDictionary alloc] init];[[HomeMainNetAPIManager sharedManager] getBackgroundImage:params andBlock:^(id data, NSError *error) {if (!error&&data) {BackgroundImageBean *groundImagebean =(BackgroundImageBean *)data;int dataNum=groundImagebean.data.count;if (groundImagebean.data&&dataNum>0) {int r=arc4random_uniform(dataNum);GroundImageBean *curBean=groundImagebean.data[r];[self.bgView sd_setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:curBean.ImgUrl] placeholderImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"] completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, NSURL *imageURL) {dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{self.bgView.image=image;});}];}}}];

7：沙盒路徑知識整理

模擬器的路徑從之前的~/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator移動到了~/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/文件都在個人用戶名文件夾下的一個隱藏文件夾里，中文叫資源庫，他的目錄其實是Library。因為應用是在沙箱（sandbox）中的，在文件讀寫權限上受到限制，只能在幾個目錄下讀寫文件：
Documents：應用中用戶數據可以放在這里，iTunes備份和恢復的時候會包括此目錄
tmp：存放臨時文件，iTunes不會備份和恢復此目錄，此目錄下文件可能會在應用退出后刪除
Library/Caches：存放緩存文件，iTunes不會備份此目錄，此目錄下文件不會在應用退出刪除iTunes在與iPhone同步時，備份所有的Documents和Library文件。
iPhone在重啟時，會丟棄所有的tmp文件。查看方法：
方法1、可以設置顯示隱藏文件，然后在Finder下直接打開。設置查看隱藏文件的方法如下：打開終端，輸入命名
(1)顯示Mac隱藏文件的命令：defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true
(2)隱藏Mac隱藏文件的命令：defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false
(3)輸完單擊Enter鍵，退出終端，重新啟動Finder就可以了 重啟Finder：鼠標單擊窗口左上角的蘋果標志-->強制退出-->Finder-->
現在能看到資源庫文件夾了。 
打開資源庫后找到/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/文件夾。這里面就是模擬器的各個程序的沙盒目錄了。
方法2、這種方法更方便，在Finder上點->前往->前往文件夾，輸入/Users/username/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/  前往。
username這里寫用戶名。 自定義類返回各目錄路徑：#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface ICSandboxHelper : NSObject+ (NSString *)homePath;     // 程序主目錄，可見子目錄(3個):Documents、Library、tmp
+ (NSString *)appPath;        // 程序目錄，不能存任何東西
+ (NSString *)docPath;        // 文檔目錄，需要ITUNES同步備份的數據存這里，可存放用戶數據
+ (NSString *)libPrefPath;    // 配置目錄，配置文件存這里
+ (NSString *)libCachePath;    // 緩存目錄，系統永遠不會刪除這里的文件，ITUNES會刪除
+ (NSString *)tmpPath;        // 臨時緩存目錄，APP退出后，系統可能會刪除這里的內容
+ (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path; //判斷目錄是否存在，不存在則創建

實現代碼:#import "ICSandboxHelper.h"@implementation ICSandboxHelper+ (NSString *)homePath{return NSHomeDirectory();
}+ (NSString *)appPath
{NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSApplicationDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);return [paths objectAtIndex:0];
}+ (NSString *)docPath
{NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);return [paths objectAtIndex:0];
}+ (NSString *)libPrefPath
{NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Preference"];
}+ (NSString *)libCachePath
{NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Caches"];
}+ (NSString *)tmpPath
{return [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingFormat:@"/tmp"];
}+ (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path
{if ( NO == [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path] ){return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:pathwithIntermediateDirectories:YESattributes:nilerror:NULL];}return NO;
}

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