一、 Cookie和Session的發展史

• 一開始：只有一個頁面，沒有登錄功能，大家看到東西都一樣

  • 新聞

• 時代發展，出現了需要登錄注冊的網站，要有一門技術存儲我們的登錄信息

  • 京東、天貓

  • cookie

    • 存儲形式：k:v鍵值對

    • 存儲位置：客戶端

    • 不安全，信息可能會泄露

• 時代發展，需要有一門新的安全的技術

  • session

  • 標識符，來表示我是當前用戶加密出來的數據

  • 對敏感信息進行加密處理

    • 存儲服務端：

    • 標識符配合上你的加密串

  • 把我的標識符+ 字符串全給客戶端

    • 客戶端存儲格式

      • session_id:返回回來的表示符+加密串

• token

  • 三段式加密

?二、Cookie

2.1?設置cookie

HttpResponse
render
redriect

obj = HttpResponse("ok")
obj.set_cookie('k','v')

def login(request, *args, **kwargs):if request.method == 'POST':username = request.POST.get("username")password = request.POST.get("password")if username == "dream" and password == "521":obj = HttpResponse("ok")obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user')return objelse:return redirect('/login/')return render(request, 'login.html')

2.2 取值

cookie取值驗證：

def home(request, *args, **kwargs):sign = request.COOKIES.get('sign')if sign and sign == 'user':return HttpResponse("這是home頁面")else:return redirect('/login/')

?完整版 cookie登錄注冊：

def login(request, *args, **kwargs):# next_url = request.get_full_path()# print(next_url) # /login/?next_url=/home/if request.method == 'POST':username = request.POST.get("username")password = request.POST.get("password")if username == "dream" and password == "521":next_url = request.GET.get('next_url')# print(next_url) # /home/obj = redirect(next_url)obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user')return objelse:return redirect('/login/')return render(request, 'login.html')def login_auth(func):def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):# print(request.path_info) #  /home/# print(request.get_full_path()) # /home/?username=111next_url = request.get_full_path()  # /home/# print(next_url)# /home/sign = request.COOKIES.get('sign')if sign and sign == 'user':res = func(request, *args, **kwargs)return reselse:return redirect(f'/login/?next_url={next_url}')return inner@login_auth
def home(request, *args, **kwargs):return HttpResponse("這是home頁面")# def home(request, *args, **kwargs):
#     sign = request.COOKIES.get('sign')
#     if sign and sign == 'user':
#         return HttpResponse("這是home頁面")
#     else:
#         return redirect('/login/')@login_auth
def index(request, *args, **kwargs):return HttpResponse("這是index頁面")

2.3??設置過期時間

obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user', expires=3)
obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user', max_age=3)

2.4??刪除cookie

def logout(request, *args, **kwargs):obj = redirect('/home/')# 設置超時時間 5s 到期obj.delete_cookie('sign')return obj

三、??Session

3.1?設置session

request.session['sign'] = 'user'

3.2??取值session

sign = request.session.get('sign')

def login(request, *args, **kwargs):# next_url = request.get_full_path()# print(next_url) # /login/?next_url=/home/if request.method == 'POST':username = request.POST.get("username")password = request.POST.get("password")if username == "dream" and password == "521":# next_url = request.GET.get('next_url')# print(next_url) # /home/request.session['sign'] = 'user'obj = redirect('/home/')# 設置過期時間# obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user', expires=3)# obj.set_cookie('sign', 'user', max_age=3)return objelse:return redirect('/login/')return render(request, 'login.html')def login_auth(func):def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):# print(request.path_info) #  /home/# print(request.get_full_path()) # /home/?username=111next_url = request.get_full_path()  # /home/# print(next_url)# /home/sign = request.session.get('sign')# print(sign) # userif sign and sign == 'user':res = func(request, *args, **kwargs)return reselse:return redirect(f'/login/?next_url={next_url}')return inner@login_auth
def home(request, *args, **kwargs):return HttpResponse("這是home頁面")

注：?

• session基于數據庫表才能使用的

  • 必須先遷移數據庫，生成 django_session 表

• session只對當次登錄有效

  • 主動清除瀏覽器中本地存在的session

  • 驗簽發現，沒有sessionid就會自動生成新的session

• django_sessoin表中的數據條數取決于瀏覽器

• 同一個計算機(IP地址)上同一個瀏覽器只會有一條數據生效

• 同一個計算機(IP地址)上多個瀏覽器會有多個數據生效

• 當session過期的時候，可能會出現多條數據對應一個瀏覽器

  • 但是這些數據不會持久化存儲，會被定時清理掉，可以手動清除也可以代碼清除

• 目的是為了節省服務器數據庫資源

3.3??session設置過期時間

request.session['sign'] = 'user'# 如果是數字的話就是指定 s shu# request.session.set_expiry(3)# 0 就是關閉瀏覽器后自動清除瀏覽器的sessionidrequest.session.set_expiry(0)

3.4??刪除session

 # 刪除session方式一# request.session.delete()# 把瀏覽器和數據庫里面的session全部清除掉request.session.flush()

四、??CBV加裝飾器的三種方法

?4.1?方式一：加載視圖函數上面

 @method_decorator(login_auth)def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return HttpResponse("這是home頁面")def post(self):...

4.2???方式二：放在類視圖上面 (放的裝飾器函數,name指定你的視圖函數里面的方法)

@method_decorator(login_auth, name='get')
@method_decorator(login_auth, name='post')
class UserView(View):

4.3???方式三 ： dispactch 方法加裝飾器 ： 本視圖函數內所有的視圖都需要走裝飾器

@method_decorator(login_auth)def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the# request method isn't on the approved list.if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)else:handler = self.http_method_not_allowedreturn handler(request, *args, **kwargs)