原創-銳能微82xx系列電能計量芯片軟件驅動開發與精度校準流程完全指南

引言

電能計量芯片的軟件驅動開發是整個計量系統的核心，它直接決定了計量精度、系統穩定性和功能完整性。銳能微82xx系列電能計量芯片憑借其強大的數字信號處理能力和豐富的功能特性，為開發者提供了靈活的軟件開發平臺。本文將詳細介紹82xx系列芯片的軟件驅動開發技術，從基礎的寄存器操作到高級的校準算法，從簡單的數據讀取到完整的應用系統架構。

無論您是初次接觸電能計量軟件開發的新手，還是希望深入了解驅動細節的資深工程師，本文都將為您提供全面的技術指導和實用的開發經驗。
PS：示例程序中有一些FL_LOCK_XXX開頭的函數，含義在以下博文中：
自創flow庫，讓你寫代碼的時候像flow(流水)一樣絲滑

第一章軟件驅動架構設計

1.1 整體架構概述

一個完整的82xx系列芯片驅動程序通常采用分層架構設計，從底層到上層依次包括：

硬件抽象層（HAL）：這是最底層的接口，負責處理與具體硬件平臺相關的操作，如SPI/I2C通信、GPIO控制、中斷處理等。通過硬件抽象層，驅動程序可以適配不同的微控制器平臺。

寄存器操作層：提供對芯片內部寄存器的讀寫操作接口。這一層封裝了所有的寄存器地址定義、位域操作和數據格式轉換，為上層提供統一的寄存器訪問方式。

設備驅動層：實現芯片的初始化、配置、數據采集等核心功能。這是驅動程序的主體部分，包含了芯片的工作模式設置、測量參數配置、校準算法實現等關鍵功能。

應用接口層：為上層應用程序提供簡潔、易用的API接口。這一層屏蔽了底層的復雜性，讓應用開發者可以專注于業務邏輯的實現。

數據管理層：負責測量數據的處理、存儲和管理。包括數據格式轉換、濾波處理、存儲管理、歷史數據查詢等功能。

1.2 核心數據結構設計

良好的數據結構設計是高質量驅動程序的基礎。在82xx系列芯片驅動中，通常需要定義以下核心數據結構：

固件參數結構體：

typedef struct {uint32_t EMUCON;        // EMU控制寄存器uint32_t EMUCON2;       // EMU控制寄存器2uint16_t HFConst;       // 高頻常數uint16_t PStart;        // 有功啟動閾值uint16_t QStart;        // 無功啟動閾值uint16_t GPQA;          // A通道功率校準uint16_t GPQB;          // B通道功率校準uint16_t IAGain;        // A通道電流增益uint16_t UGain;         // 電壓增益uint16_t IBGain;        // B通道電流增益uint32_t IADCOS;        // A通道電流直流偏移uint32_t IBDCOS;        // B通道電流直流偏移uint32_t UDCOS;         // 電壓直流偏移uint16_t PhsA;          // A相相位補償uint16_t PhsB;          // B相相位補償uint16_t QPhsCal;       // 無功相位校準uint16_t APOSA;         // A通道有功功率偏移uint16_t APOSB;         // B通道有功功率偏移uint16_t RPOSA;         // A通道無功功率偏移uint16_t RPOSB;         // B通道無功功率偏移uint32_t IARMSOS;       // A通道電流RMS偏移uint32_t IBRMSOS;       // B通道電流RMS偏移uint16_t PulseConst;    // 脈沖常數uint16_t USAG;          // 欠壓閾值uint16_t IAPEAK;        // A通道過流閾值uint16_t IBPEAK;        // B通道過流閾值uint16_t UPEAK;         // 過壓閾值float KUrms;            // 電壓系數float KIArms;           // A通道電流系數float KIBrms;           // B通道電流系數float KPrms;            // 功率系數uint8_t IAGainChannel;  // A通道增益通道uint8_t IBGainChannel;  // B通道增益通道uint32_t ChkSum;        // 校驗和uint16_t RTCDota0;      // RTC數字校準
} FirmwareParamsTypeDef;

實時測量數據結構體：

typedef struct {uint32_t U;           // 電壓值 (0.1V)int32_t Ia;           // A相電流 (mA)int32_t In;           // 零線電流 (mA)int32_t Pw;           // 有功功率 (0.1W)uint16_t Pf;          // 功率因數 (0.001)uint16_t Angle;       // 相位角 (0.1度)uint16_t Frequency;   // 頻率 (0.01Hz)uint8_t PDirect;      // 功率方向
} MeasurementDataTypeDef;

能量累計數據結構體：

typedef struct {uint64_t value;       // 能量值 (Wh * 10^-6)
} EnergyTypeDef;typedef struct {EnergyTypeDef active;     // 有功電能EnergyTypeDef reactive;   // 無功電能EnergyTypeDef apparent;   // 視在電能
} EnergyDataTypeDef;

1.3 狀態機設計

電能計量芯片的工作過程可以用狀態機來描述，主要狀態包括：

初始化狀態：系統上電后的初始狀態，需要完成硬件檢測、參數加載、芯片配置等工作。

校準狀態：進行各種校準操作的狀態，包括增益校準、相位校準、偏移校準等。

正常運行狀態：芯片正常工作狀態，周期性讀取測量數據，更新能量累計值。

保護狀態：檢測到異常情況時進入的狀態，如過壓、欠壓、過流等。

休眠狀態：為了節能而進入的低功耗狀態。

錯誤狀態：出現系統錯誤時的狀態，需要進行錯誤處理和恢復。

第二章芯片初始化與配置

2.1 初始化流程設計

芯片的初始化是整個系統正常工作的前提，一個完整的初始化流程通常包括以下步驟：

硬件檢測與準備：

void hardware_init(void) {// 配置系統時鐘SYSCTL->SYS_PS = 0x82;// 使能EMU模塊時鐘SYSCTL->MOD1_EN |= (3 << 7U);// 開啟ADC電源開關SYSCTL->SYS_PD &= ~(7 << 0U);// 配置ADC增益SYSCTL->ADC_CTRL |= (FirmPara.IAGainChannel << 0) | (FirmPara.IBGainChannel << 3);// 恢復系統電源狀態SYSCTL->SYS_PS = 0x00;
}

參數加載與驗證：

static void load_parameters(void) {// 從非易失性存儲器讀取參數if (NVM_Read(NVM_ID_METERING_PARAMS, &FirmPara, sizeof(FirmwareParamsTypeDef)) != NVM_OK) {// 參數讀取失敗，恢復默認參數restore_default_parameters();}// 驗證參數完整性if (validate_parameters(&FirmPara) != PARAM_OK) {// 參數驗證失敗，恢復默認參數restore_default_parameters();}
}

寄存器配置：

void emu_register_init(FirmwareParamsTypeDef *params) {// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;// 配置控制寄存器EMU->EMUCON2 = params->EMUCON2;// 配置基本參數EMU->HFConst = params->HFConst;EMU->PStart = params->PStart;EMU->QStart = params->QStart;// 配置增益參數EMU->IAGAIN = params->IAGain;EMU->IBGAIN = params->IBGain;EMU->UGAIN = params->UGain;// 配置偏移校正參數EMU->IADCOS = params->IADCOS;EMU->IBDCOS = params->IBDCOS;EMU->UDCOS = params->UDCOS;// 配置相位補償參數EMU->PhsA = params->PhsA;EMU->PhsB = params->PhsB;// 配置功率偏移參數EMU->APOSA = params->APOSA;EMU->APOSB = params->APOSB;EMU->RPOSA = params->RPOSA;EMU->RPOSB = params->RPOSB;// 配置RMS偏移參數EMU->IARMSOS = params->IARMSOS;EMU->IBRMSOS = params->IBRMSOS;// 配置保護閾值EMU->UPEAK = params->UPEAK;EMU->USAG = params->USAG;EMU->IAPEAK = params->IAPEAK;EMU->IBPEAK = params->IBPEAK;// 使能相關中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 9);  // 欠壓中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 8);  // 過壓中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 7);  // 過流中斷// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;
}

2.2 參數管理系統

參數管理是驅動程序的重要組成部分，需要實現參數的存儲、讀取、驗證和恢復功能。

默認參數定義：

const FirmwareParamsTypeDef DefaultParams = {.EMUCON = 0x001c0107,.EMUCON2 = 0,.HFConst = 1918,.PStart = 11,.QStart = 11,.GPQA = 0x0000,.GPQB = 0x0000,.IAGain = 0x0000,.UGain = 0x0000,.IBGain = 0xC8DF,.IADCOS = 0,.IBDCOS = 0x00FFFFD8,.UDCOS = 0,.PhsA = 0x0000,.PhsB = 0x0000,.QPhsCal = 0x0000,.APOSA = 0x0000,.APOSB = 0x0000,.RPOSA = 0x0000,.RPOSB = 0x0000,.IARMSOS = 0,.IBRMSOS = 0,.PulseConst = 3200,.USAG = 0,.IAPEAK = 0,.IBPEAK = 0,.UPEAK = 0,.KUrms = 776.0042725,.KIArms = 2.09715,.KIBrms = 0,.KPrms = 0.049664,.IAGainChannel = 0,.IBGainChannel = 0,.ChkSum = 0,.RTCDota0 = 0,
};

參數校驗和計算：

uint32_t calculate_checksum(FirmwareParamsTypeDef *params) {uint32_t checksum = 0;checksum += (params->EMUCON & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += (params->EMUCON2 & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += params->HFConst;checksum += params->PStart;checksum += params->QStart;checksum += params->GPQA;checksum += params->GPQB;checksum += params->IAGain;checksum += params->UGain;checksum += (params->IADCOS & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += (params->IBDCOS & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += (params->UDCOS & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += params->IBGain;checksum += params->PhsA;checksum += params->PhsB;checksum += params->QPhsCal;checksum += params->APOSA;checksum += params->APOSB;checksum += params->RPOSA;checksum += params->RPOSB;checksum += (params->IARMSOS & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += (params->IBRMSOS & 0x00FFFFFF);checksum += params->USAG;checksum += params->IAPEAK;checksum += params->IBPEAK;checksum += params->UPEAK;return (~checksum) & 0x00FFFFFF;
}

參數恢復功能：

void restore_default_parameters(void) {// 復制默認參數memcpy(&FirmPara, &DefaultParams, sizeof(FirmwareParamsTypeDef));// 計算校驗和FirmPara.ChkSum = calculate_checksum(&FirmPara);// 保存到非易失性存儲器NVM_Write(NVM_ID_METERING_PARAMS, &FirmPara, sizeof(FirmwareParamsTypeDef));// 設置重新初始化標志emu_init_flag = true;
}

2.3 初始化流程控制

使用流程控制框架可以更好地管理復雜的初始化過程：

uint8_t initialization_process(void) {static struct flow flowTask = {0};static uint8_t retry_count = 0;static uint8_t step = 0;FL_HEAD(&flowTask);while (1) {switch (step) {case 0: // 硬件初始化hardware_init();load_parameters();step++;break;case 1: // 寄存器配置emu_register_init(&FirmPara);FL_LOCK_DELAY(&flowTask, FL_CLOCK_MS * 10);step++;break;case 2: // 等待芯片穩定if (!(EMU->EMUStatus & 0x01000000)) {step++;} else {FL_LOCK_DELAY(&flowTask, FL_CLOCK_MS * 10);}break;case 3: // 校驗配置uint32_t emuChecksum = EMU->EMUStatus & 0x00FFFFFF;if (FirmPara.ChkSum == emuChecksum) {step = 0;retry_count = 0;FL_EXIT(&flowTask);} else {retry_count++;if (retry_count > 5) {// 初始化失敗，恢復默認參數restore_default_parameters();retry_count = 0;}step = 1; // 重新配置寄存器}break;}FL_LOCK_DELAY(&flowTask, FL_CLOCK_MS * 1);}FL_TAIL(&flowTask);
}

第三章數據采集與處理

3.1 數據采集主循環

數據采集是電能計量系統的核心功能，需要周期性地從芯片讀取各種測量數據：

uint8_t data_acquisition_task(void) {static struct flow flowTask = {0};static uint32_t saveCounter = 0;static uint32_t errorCounter = 0;static uint64_t tempActiveEnergy = 0;static uint64_t tempReactiveEnergy = 0;static uint64_t tempApparentEnergy = 0;FL_HEAD(&flowTask);// 初始化能量數據if (NVM_Read(NVM_ID_METERING_DATA, &EnergyData, sizeof(EnergyDataTypeDef)) != NVM_OK) {memset(&EnergyData, 0, sizeof(EnergyDataTypeDef));NVM_Write(NVM_ID_METERING_DATA, &EnergyData, sizeof(EnergyDataTypeDef));}while (1) {// 檢查是否需要重新初始化if (emu_init_flag) {emu_init_flag = false;FL_WAIT_PROCESS_END(&flowTask, initialization_process());}// 讀取并驗證芯片狀態uint32_t emuStatus = EMU->EMUStatus;if (!(emuStatus & 0x01000000)) {// 驗證校驗和if (FirmPara.ChkSum == (emuStatus & 0x00FFFFFF)) {errorCounter = 0;} else {errorCounter++;if (errorCounter > 3) {emu_init_flag = true;errorCounter = 0;}continue;}}// 讀取基本測量數據read_measurement_data();// 處理能量脈沖process_energy_pulses(&tempActiveEnergy, &tempReactiveEnergy, &tempApparentEnergy);// 數據存儲管理manage_data_storage(&saveCounter, tempActiveEnergy, tempReactiveEnergy, tempApparentEnergy);FL_LOCK_DELAY(&flowTask, FL_CLOCK_MS * 1000);}FL_TAIL(&flowTask);
}

3.2 測量數據讀取與處理

基本參數讀取：

void read_measurement_data(void) {uint32_t tempStatus;uint32_t tempUI[3];uint32_t tempPw[2];uint32_t tempPF, tempAngle;uint8_t i;// 讀取芯片狀態tempStatus = EMU->EMUStatus;// 判斷功率方向if (tempStatus & 0x02000000) {MeasData.PDirect = INVERSION;} else {MeasData.PDirect = POSITIVE;}// 讀取電壓電流RMS值tempUI[0] = EMU->IARMS;  // A相電流tempUI[1] = EMU->IBRMS;  // B相電流  tempUI[2] = EMU->URMS;   // 電壓// 處理負值（清零）for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {if (tempUI[i] & 0x00800000) {tempUI[i] = 0;}}// 讀取功率值tempPw[0] = EMU->PowerPA;  // A相有功功率tempPw[1] = EMU->PowerPB;  // B相有功功率// 處理功率負值for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {if (tempPw[i] & 0x80000000) {tempPw[i] = (~tempPw[i]) + 1;}}// 計算物理量MeasData.U = (uint32_t)(tempUI[2] / FirmPara.KUrms);MeasData.Ia = (int32_t)(tempUI[0] / FirmPara.KIArms);MeasData.In = (int32_t)(tempUI[1] / FirmPara.KIBrms);MeasData.Pw = (int32_t)(tempPw[0] / FirmPara.KPrms);// 讀取功率因數和相位角tempPF = EMU->PFA;tempAngle = EMU->ANGLEA;// 處理功率因數tempPF &= 0x00FFFFFF;if (tempPF & 0x00800000) {tempPF = ((~tempPF) & 0x00FFFFFF) + 1;}MeasData.Pf = (uint16_t)((float)tempPF / 8388.608);// 處理相位角MeasData.Angle = (uint16_t)(tempAngle * 3600 / 32768);// 讀取頻率uint32_t tempFreq = EMU->Ufreq;MeasData.Frequency = (uint16_t)(184320000 / (4 * tempFreq));// 小信號處理if (MeasData.Pw < 50) {MeasData.Pw = 0;}if (MeasData.Ia < 0x150) {MeasData.Ia = 0;MeasData.Pf = 0x0999;}if (MeasData.In < 0x150) {MeasData.In = 0;}
}

3.3 能量脈沖處理

脈沖讀取與累加：

void process_energy_pulses(uint64_t *tempActive, uint64_t *tempReactive, uint64_t *tempApparent) {uint32_t pulseActive = EMU->EnergyP;uint32_t pulseReactive = EMU->EnergyQ;uint32_t pulseApparent = EMU->EnergyS;// 容錯處理if (pulseActive > 100) {pulseActive = 0;}// 處理有功電能脈沖if (pulseActive > 0) {uint64_t energyIncrement = (1000000ULL / FirmPara.PulseConst) * pulseActive;EnergyData.active.value += energyIncrement;*tempActive += energyIncrement;}// 處理無功電能脈沖if (pulseReactive > 0) {uint64_t energyIncrement = (1000000ULL / FirmPara.PulseConst) * pulseReactive;EnergyData.reactive.value += energyIncrement;*tempReactive += energyIncrement;}// 處理視在電能脈沖if (pulseApparent > 0) {uint64_t energyIncrement = (1000000ULL / FirmPara.PulseConst) * pulseApparent;EnergyData.apparent.value += energyIncrement;*tempApparent += energyIncrement;}
}

3.4 數據存儲管理

智能存儲策略：

void manage_data_storage(uint32_t *saveCounter, uint64_t tempActive, uint64_t tempReactive, uint64_t tempApparent) {(*saveCounter)++;// 定時存儲（1小時）if (*saveCounter > 3600) {save_energy_data();*saveCounter = 0;return;}// 能量增量存儲（10Wh以上且超過1分鐘）if (((tempActive >= 10000) || (tempReactive >= 10000) || (tempApparent >= 10000)) && (*saveCounter >= 60)) {save_energy_data();*saveCounter = 0;}
}void save_energy_data(void) {NVM_Write(NVM_ID_METERING_DATA, &EnergyData, sizeof(EnergyDataTypeDef));
}

第四章校準算法實現

4.1 校準原理概述

電能計量芯片的校準是確保測量精度的關鍵步驟。82xx系列芯片提供了多種校準方式，包括：

增益校準：補償電壓和電流通道的增益誤差

相位校準：補償電流和電壓之間的相位誤差

偏移校準：補償直流偏移和小信號偏移

功率校準：補償功率計算的系統誤差

4.2 增益校準算法

增益校準是最基礎的校準方式，用于補償電壓和電流測量通道的增益誤差：

typedef enum {CALIB_SUCCESS = 0,CALIB_PARAM_ERROR,CALIB_RANGE_ERROR,CALIB_TIMEOUT_ERROR
} CalibrationResult;CalibrationResult voltage_current_gain_calibration(float stdVoltage, float stdCurrent) {uint32_t voltageReg, currentReg;uint32_t theoreticalVoltage, theoreticalCurrent;float voltageError, currentError;// 參數有效性檢查if (stdVoltage <= 0 || stdCurrent <= 0) {return CALIB_PARAM_ERROR;}// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;// 計算理論寄存器值theoreticalVoltage = (uint32_t)(stdVoltage / 1000 * FirmPara.KUrms);theoreticalCurrent = (uint32_t)(stdCurrent / 10 * FirmPara.KIArms);// 讀取當前寄存器值voltageReg = EMU->URMS;currentReg = EMU->IARMS;// 計算電壓增益校正voltageError = ((float)voltageReg - (float)theoreticalVoltage) / theoreticalVoltage;voltageError = (-voltageError) / (1 + voltageError);if (voltageError > 0) {FirmPara.UGain = (uint16_t)(voltageError * 32768);} else {FirmPara.UGain = (uint16_t)(65536 + voltageError * 32768);}// 計算電流增益校正currentError = ((float)currentReg - (float)theoreticalCurrent) / theoreticalCurrent;currentError = (-currentError) / (1 + currentError);if (currentError > 0) {FirmPara.IAGain = (uint16_t)(currentError * 32768);} else {FirmPara.IAGain = (uint16_t)(65536 + currentError * 32768);}// 寫入校正寄存器EMU->UGAIN = FirmPara.UGain;EMU->IAGAIN = FirmPara.IAGain;// 計算啟動閾值float basePower = ((float)theoreticalVoltage * (float)theoreticalCurrent) / 32768.0f;FirmPara.PStart = (uint16_t)((basePower * 0.003f) / 256.0f);EMU->PStart = FirmPara.PStart;// 更新校驗和update_checksum();// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 保存參數save_parameters();return CALIB_SUCCESS;
}

4.3 功率校準算法

功率校準用于補償功率測量的系統誤差，支持兩種模式：誤差模式和功率模式：

typedef enum {POWER_CALIB_ERROR_MODE = 0,POWER_CALIB_POWER_MODE = 1
} PowerCalibMode;CalibrationResult power_calibration(PowerCalibMode mode, float value) {float powerError;uint32_t measuredPower, theoreticalPower;// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;if (mode == POWER_CALIB_ERROR_MODE) {// 誤差模式：直接使用誤差值if (value > 0x7FFFFFFF) {powerError = -(float)(0xFFFFFFFF - (uint32_t)value) / 10000.0f;} else {powerError = value / 10000.0f;}} else {// 功率模式：根據標準功率計算誤差measuredPower = EMU->PowerPA;theoreticalPower = (uint32_t)(value * FirmPara.KPrms);powerError = ((float)measuredPower - (float)theoreticalPower) / (float)theoreticalPower;}// 計算功率校正系數powerError = (-powerError) / (1.0f + powerError);if (powerError >= 0) {FirmPara.GPQA = (uint16_t)(powerError * 32768);} else {FirmPara.GPQA = (uint16_t)(65536 + powerError * 32768);}// 寫入校正寄存器EMU->GPQA = FirmPara.GPQA;// 更新校驗和update_checksum();// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 保存參數save_parameters();return CALIB_SUCCESS;
}

4.4 相位校準算法

相位校準用于補償電流和電壓信號之間的相位誤差：

CalibrationResult phase_calibration(PowerCalibMode mode, float value) {float phaseError;uint32_t measuredPower, theoreticalPower;// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;if (mode == POWER_CALIB_POWER_MODE) {// 功率模式：根據標準功率計算相位誤差measuredPower = EMU->PowerPA;theoreticalPower = (uint32_t)(value * FirmPara.KPrms);phaseError = ((float)measuredPower - (float)theoreticalPower) / (float)theoreticalPower;} else {// 誤差模式：直接使用誤差值if (value > 0x7FFFFFFF) {phaseError = -(float)(0xFFFFFFFF - (uint32_t)value) / 10000.0f;} else {phaseError = value / 10000.0f;}}// 計算相位調整值（基于三相系統的相位關系）phaseError = (asin(-phaseError / 1.732f)) * 100.0f * 57.29578f;if (phaseError > 0) {FirmPara.PhsA = (uint16_t)(phaseError);} else {FirmPara.PhsA = (uint16_t)(512 + phaseError);}// 寫入校正寄存器EMU->PhsA = FirmPara.PhsA;// 更新校驗和update_checksum();// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 保存參數save_parameters();return CALIB_SUCCESS;
}

4.5 小電流校正算法

小電流校正用于補償在小電流條件下的功率測量偏移：

CalibrationResult small_current_calibration(float stdPower, uint16_t directValue) {uint32_t measuredPower, theoreticalPower;int32_t compensationValue;uint8_t i;// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;if (stdPower == 0.0f) {// 直接設置模式EMU->APOSA = directValue;FirmPara.APOSA = directValue;} else {// 自動計算模式theoreticalPower = (uint32_t)(stdPower * FirmPara.KPrms);// 多次采樣求平均measuredPower = EMU->PowerPA;for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {delay_ms(25);uint32_t newReading = EMU->PowerPA;measuredPower = (measuredPower + newReading) / 2;}// 計算補償值compensationValue = (int32_t)theoreticalPower - (int32_t)measuredPower;// 寫入補償寄存器FirmPara.APOSA = (uint16_t)compensationValue;EMU->APOSA = FirmPara.APOSA;}// 更新校驗和update_checksum();// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 保存參數save_parameters();return CALIB_SUCCESS;
}

4.6 RMS偏移校正算法

RMS偏移校正用于補償電流通道在零電流時的直流偏移：

CalibrationResult rms_offset_calibration(uint8_t channel) {uint64_t rmsSum = 0;uint32_t rmsAverage;uint32_t offsetValue;uint8_t i;// 解除寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;if (channel == 0) {// A通道校正for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {rmsSum += EMU->IARMS;delay_ms(100);}rmsAverage = rmsSum / 10;offsetValue = (uint32_t)(((uint64_t)1 << 48) - (uint64_t)rmsAverage * rmsAverage) >> 8;offsetValue &= 0xFFFF;EMU->IARMSOS = offsetValue;FirmPara.IARMSOS = offsetValue;} else {// B通道校正for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {rmsSum += EMU->IBRMS;delay_ms(100);}rmsAverage = rmsSum / 10;offsetValue = (uint32_t)(((uint64_t)1 << 48) - (uint64_t)rmsAverage * rmsAverage) >> 8;offsetValue &= 0xFFFF;EMU->IBRMSOS = offsetValue;FirmPara.IBRMSOS = offsetValue;}// 更新校驗和update_checksum();// 恢復寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 保存參數save_parameters();return CALIB_SUCCESS;
}

第五章中斷處理與保護功能

5.1 中斷系統設計

82xx系列芯片提供了豐富的中斷功能，包括過壓、欠壓、過流、過零檢測等。合理的中斷處理設計可以提高系統的實時性和可靠性。

中斷使能配置：

void interrupt_config(void) {// 發送特殊命令，使能EMU寄存器寫操作EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;// 配置中斷使能寄存器EMU->IE |= (1 << 9);   // 使能欠壓中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 8);   // 使能過壓中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 7);   // 使能A通道過流中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 6);   // 使能B通道過流中斷EMU->IE |= (1 << 21);  // 使能過零中斷// 關閉寫保護EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;// 使能NVIC中斷NVIC_EnableIRQ(EMU_IRQn);NVIC_SetPriority(EMU_IRQn, 2);
}

中斷服務程序：

typedef struct {uint32_t timestamp;uint32_t voltage;uint32_t current_a;uint32_t current_b;uint8_t fault_type;
} FaultRecord;#define MAX_FAULT_RECORDS 16
static FaultRecord faultRecords[MAX_FAULT_RECORDS];
static uint8_t faultRecordIndex = 0;void EMU_IRQHandler(void) {uint32_t interruptStatus = EMU->IF;uint32_t currentTime = get_system_time();// 過壓中斷處理if (interruptStatus & (1 << 8)) {handle_overvoltage_interrupt(currentTime);EMU->IF |= (1 << 8);  // 清除中斷標志}// 欠壓中斷處理if (interruptStatus & (1 << 9)) {handle_undervoltage_interrupt(currentTime);EMU->IF |= (1 << 9);  // 清除中斷標志}// 過流中斷處理if (interruptStatus & (1 << 7)) {handle_overcurrent_interrupt(currentTime, 0);  // A通道EMU->IF |= (1 << 7);  // 清除中斷標志}if (interruptStatus & (1 << 6)) {handle_overcurrent_interrupt(currentTime, 1);  // B通道EMU->IF |= (1 << 6);  // 清除中斷標志}// 過零中斷處理if (interruptStatus & (1 << 21)) {handle_zero_crossing_interrupt(currentTime);EMU->IF |= (1 << 21);  // 清除中斷標志}
}

5.2 保護功能實現

過壓保護：

void handle_overvoltage_interrupt(uint32_t timestamp) {static uint32_t lastTriggerTime = 0;static uint8_t consecutiveCount = 0;// 防抖動處理if (timestamp - lastTriggerTime < 100) {  // 100ms內的重復觸發忽略return;}consecutiveCount++;lastTriggerTime = timestamp;// 連續觸發3次才確認為過壓故障if (consecutiveCount >= 3) {// 記錄故障信息record_fault_event(FAULT_OVERVOLTAGE, timestamp);// 觸發保護動作trigger_protection_action(PROTECTION_OVERVOLTAGE);consecutiveCount = 0;}
}

欠壓保護：

void handle_undervoltage_interrupt(uint32_t timestamp) {static uint32_t firstTriggerTime = 0;static bool underVoltageActive = false;if (!underVoltageActive) {// 首次觸發，記錄時間firstTriggerTime = timestamp;underVoltageActive = true;} else {// 檢查持續時間uint32_t duration = timestamp - firstTriggerTime;if (duration >= get_undervoltage_delay()) {// 持續時間超過設定值，觸發保護record_fault_event(FAULT_UNDERVOLTAGE, timestamp);trigger_protection_action(PROTECTION_UNDERVOLTAGE);underVoltageActive = false;}}
}

過流保護：

void handle_overcurrent_interrupt(uint32_t timestamp, uint8_t channel) {static uint32_t lastTriggerTime[2] = {0, 0};static uint8_t consecutiveCount[2] = {0, 0};// 防抖動處理if (timestamp - lastTriggerTime[channel] < 50) {  // 50ms防抖return;}consecutiveCount[channel]++;lastTriggerTime[channel] = timestamp;// 連續觸發2次確認過流if (consecutiveCount[channel] >= 2) {// 記錄故障信息FaultType faultType = (channel == 0) ? FAULT_OVERCURRENT_A : FAULT_OVERCURRENT_B;record_fault_event(faultType, timestamp);// 觸發保護動作trigger_protection_action(PROTECTION_OVERCURRENT);consecutiveCount[channel] = 0;}
}

第六章通信接口與協議實現

6.1 通信協議棧設計

82xx系列芯片通常需要與上位機或其他設備進行通信，常用的協議包括DLT645、Modbus等。以DLT645協議為例，說明通信協議的實現。

協議棧架構：

typedef enum {COMM_STATE_IDLE = 0,COMM_STATE_RECEIVING,COMM_STATE_PROCESSING,COMM_STATE_RESPONDING
} CommunicationState;typedef struct {uint8_t rxBuffer[256];uint8_t txBuffer[256];uint16_t rxLength;uint16_t txLength;uint16_t rxIndex;uint16_t txIndex;CommunicationState state;uint32_t lastActivityTime;
} CommunicationContext;static CommunicationContext commCtx;

數據讀取接口：

typedef enum {DLT645_SUCCESS = 0,DLT645_DATA_ILLEGAL_ERRORS,DLT645_PASSWORD_ERROR_OR_UNAUTHORIZED_ERROR,DLT645_NO_REQUEST_DATA_ERROR,DLT645_RATE_ERROR,DLT645_YEAR_ERROR,DLT645_MONTH_ERROR,DLT645_DAY_ERROR,DLT645_HOUR_ERROR,DLT645_MINUTE_ERROR,DLT645_SECOND_ERROR
} DLT645_ErrorCode;DLT645_ErrorCode read_measurement_data_dlt645(uint32_t dataId, uint8_t *outputBuffer, uint16_t *outputLength) {switch (dataId) {case 0x02010100: // A相電壓{uint16_t voltage = bin_to_bcd_u16(MeasData.U);outputBuffer[0] = (uint8_t)voltage;outputBuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(voltage >> 8);*outputLength = 2;return DLT645_SUCCESS;}case 0x02020100: // A相電流{uint32_t current = bin_to_bcd_s32(MeasData.Ia);outputBuffer[0] = (uint8_t)current;outputBuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(current >> 8);outputBuffer[2] = (uint8_t)(current >> 16);*outputLength = 3;return DLT645_SUCCESS;}case 0x02030100: // A相有功功率{uint32_t power = bin_to_bcd_s32(MeasData.Pw);outputBuffer[0] = (uint8_t)power;outputBuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(power >> 8);outputBuffer[2] = (uint8_t)(power >> 16);*outputLength = 3;return DLT645_SUCCESS;}case 0x00015000: // 正向有功總電能{uint32_t energy = bin_to_bcd_u32(EnergyData.active.value / 10000);outputBuffer[0] = (uint8_t)energy;outputBuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(energy >> 8);outputBuffer[2] = (uint8_t)(energy >> 16);outputBuffer[3] = (uint8_t)(energy >> 24);*outputLength = 4;return DLT645_SUCCESS;}default:return DLT645_NO_REQUEST_DATA_ERROR;}
}

第七章高級功能與優化

7.1 電能質量分析

82xx系列芯片具備強大的電能質量分析能力，可以檢測諧波、不平衡度、電壓暫降等電能質量問題：

諧波分析：

typedef struct {float thd;           // 總諧波失真float harmonics[31]; // 2-32次諧波含量
} HarmonicAnalysis;HarmonicAnalysis analyze_harmonics(void) {HarmonicAnalysis result = {0};uint32_t fundamentalSquare = 0;uint32_t totalHarmonicSquare = 0;// 讀取基波和各次諧波的RMS值uint32_t fundamental = EMU->URMS;  // 基波fundamentalSquare = fundamental * fundamental;// 這里需要根據具體芯片的諧波寄存器進行讀取// 不同型號的芯片諧波寄存器定義可能不同for (uint8_t i = 2; i <= 32; i++) {// 讀取第i次諧波uint32_t harmonicReg = read_harmonic_register(i);uint32_t harmonicValue = harmonicReg & 0x00FFFFFF;result.harmonics[i-2] = (float)harmonicValue / fundamental * 100.0f;totalHarmonicSquare += harmonicValue * harmonicValue;}// 計算總諧波失真result.thd = sqrt((float)totalHarmonicSquare / fundamentalSquare) * 100.0f;return result;
}

電壓暫降檢測：

typedef struct {uint32_t startTime;uint32_t duration;float minVoltage;float voltageBeforeSag;
} VoltageSagEvent;#define MAX_SAG_EVENTS 10
static VoltageSagEvent sagEvents[MAX_SAG_EVENTS];
static uint8_t sagEventIndex = 0;void detect_voltage_sag(void) {static bool sagActive = false;static uint32_t sagStartTime = 0;static float voltageBeforeSag = 0;static float minVoltageInSag = 0;float currentVoltage = (float)MeasData.U / 10.0f;  // 轉換為Vfloat nominalVoltage = 220.0f;  // 額定電壓float sagThreshold = nominalVoltage * 0.9f;  // 90%額定電壓if (!sagActive && currentVoltage < sagThreshold) {// 檢測到電壓暫降開始sagActive = true;sagStartTime = get_system_time();voltageBeforeSag = currentVoltage;minVoltageInSag = currentVoltage;} else if (sagActive) {if (currentVoltage < minVoltageInSag) {minVoltageInSag = currentVoltage;}if (currentVoltage >= sagThreshold) {// 電壓暫降結束uint32_t duration = get_system_time() - sagStartTime;if (duration >= 10) {  // 持續時間超過10ms才記錄VoltageSagEvent *event = &sagEvents[sagEventIndex];event->startTime = sagStartTime;event->duration = duration;event->minVoltage = minVoltageInSag;event->voltageBeforeSag = voltageBeforeSag;sagEventIndex = (sagEventIndex + 1) % MAX_SAG_EVENTS;}sagActive = false;}}
}

7.2 數據濾波與處理

數字濾波器：

typedef struct {float coefficients[5];  // 濾波器系數float delayLine[5];     // 延遲線uint8_t index;          // 當前索引
} DigitalFilter;void init_low_pass_filter(DigitalFilter *filter, float cutoffFreq, float samplingFreq) {// 計算低通濾波器系數（簡化的巴特沃斯濾波器）float omega = 2.0f * M_PI * cutoffFreq / samplingFreq;float cosOmega = cos(omega);float sinOmega = sin(omega);float alpha = sinOmega / (2.0f * 0.707f);  // Q = 0.707float b0 = (1.0f - cosOmega) / 2.0f;float b1 = 1.0f - cosOmega;float b2 = (1.0f - cosOmega) / 2.0f;float a0 = 1.0f + alpha;float a1 = -2.0f * cosOmega;float a2 = 1.0f - alpha;// 歸一化系數filter->coefficients[0] = b0 / a0;filter->coefficients[1] = b1 / a0;filter->coefficients[2] = b2 / a0;filter->coefficients[3] = a1 / a0;filter->coefficients[4] = a2 / a0;// 清零延遲線memset(filter->delayLine, 0, sizeof(filter->delayLine));filter->index = 0;
}float apply_filter(DigitalFilter *filter, float input) {// Direct Form II 實現float w = input - filter->coefficients[3] * filter->delayLine[0] - filter->coefficients[4] * filter->delayLine[1];float output = filter->coefficients[0] * w + filter->coefficients[1] * filter->delayLine[0] + filter->coefficients[2] * filter->delayLine[1];// 更新延遲線filter->delayLine[1] = filter->delayLine[0];filter->delayLine[0] = w;return output;
}

移動平均濾波：

typedef struct {float buffer[16];uint8_t index;uint8_t size;float sum;bool filled;
} MovingAverageFilter;void init_moving_average_filter(MovingAverageFilter *filter, uint8_t size) {filter->size = (size > 16) ? 16 : size;filter->index = 0;filter->sum = 0;filter->filled = false;memset(filter->buffer, 0, sizeof(filter->buffer));
}float apply_moving_average_filter(MovingAverageFilter *filter, float input) {if (filter->filled) {filter->sum -= filter->buffer[filter->index];}filter->buffer[filter->index] = input;filter->sum += input;filter->index = (filter->index + 1) % filter->size;if (!filter->filled && filter->index == 0) {filter->filled = true;}uint8_t count = filter->filled ? filter->size : filter->index;return filter->sum / count;
}

7.3 功耗優化

動態功耗管理：

typedef enum {POWER_MODE_NORMAL = 0,POWER_MODE_ECONOMY,POWER_MODE_SLEEP,POWER_MODE_DEEP_SLEEP
} PowerMode;void set_power_mode(PowerMode mode) {switch (mode) {case POWER_MODE_NORMAL:// 正常模式：所有功能全開SYSCTL->MOD1_EN |= 0xFF;SYSCTL->SYS_PD &= ~0xFF;break;case POWER_MODE_ECONOMY:// 經濟模式：降低采樣頻率EMU->SPCMD = 0xE5;EMU->EMUCON |= (1 << 12);  // 降低采樣率EMU->SPCMD = 0xDC;break;case POWER_MODE_SLEEP:// 休眠模式：關閉不必要的外設SYSCTL->MOD1_EN &= ~(1 << 5);  // 關閉LCDSYSCTL->MOD1_EN &= ~(1 << 4);  // 關閉SPIbreak;case POWER_MODE_DEEP_SLEEP:// 深度休眠：只保留RTC和喚醒功能SYSCTL->SYS_PD |= (7 << 0);   // 關閉ADCSYSCTL->MOD1_EN &= (1 << 1);  // 只保留RTCbreak;}
}

自適應采樣：

void adaptive_sampling_control(void) {static uint32_t stableCounter = 0;static uint32_t lastPower = 0;static uint32_t lastCurrent = 0;uint32_t currentPower = abs(MeasData.Pw);uint32_t currentCurrent = abs(MeasData.Ia);// 檢查功率和電流變化uint32_t powerChange = abs((int32_t)currentPower - (int32_t)lastPower);uint32_t currentChange = abs((int32_t)currentCurrent - (int32_t)lastCurrent);if (powerChange < (currentPower / 100) && currentChange < (currentCurrent / 100)) {// 變化小于1%，認為穩定stableCounter++;} else {stableCounter = 0;}if (stableCounter > 60) {  // 穩定超過1分鐘// 降低采樣頻率set_sampling_rate(SAMPLING_RATE_LOW);} else {// 使用正常采樣頻率set_sampling_rate(SAMPLING_RATE_NORMAL);}lastPower = currentPower;lastCurrent = currentCurrent;
}