MySQL介紹和MySQL包安裝

文章目錄

  • MySQL介紹和安裝
  • 1.MySQL介紹
    • 1.1 MySQL 的定義
    • 1.2 MySQL 的特點
    • 1.3 MySQL 的應用領域
    • 1.4 MySQL 的存儲引擎
    • 1.5 MySQL 的架構
    • 1.6 MySQL 的優勢和局限性
    • 1.7 MySQL 的未來發展趨勢
  • 2.MySQL安裝
    • 2.1 主機初始化
      • 2.1.1 設置網卡名
      • 2.1.2 設置ip地址
      • 2.1.3 配置鏡像源
      • 2.1.4 關閉防火墻
      • 2.1.5 禁用SELinux
      • 2.1.6 禁用AppArmor
      • 2.1.7 設置時區
    • 2.2 包安裝
      • 2.2.1 Yum資源庫安裝MySQL
        • 2.2.1.1 MySQL 8.0
        • 2.2.1.2 MySQL 8.4
      • 2.2.2 Apt資源庫安裝MySQL
        • 2.2.2.1 MySQL 8.0
        • 2.2.2.2 MySQL 8.4
      • 2.2.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MySQL
        • 2.2.3.1 MySQL 8.0
        • 2.2.3.2 MySQL 8.4

MySQL介紹和安裝

1.MySQL介紹

t1

圖1 MySQL

MySQL官方：https://www.mysql.com

MySQL 是一種非常流行的開源關系型數據庫管理系統（RDBMS），廣泛應用于各種規模的項目中，從小型網站到大型企業級應用。以下是關于 MySQL 的詳細介紹：

1.1 MySQL 的定義

MySQL 是一個高性能、多用戶、多線程的 SQL 數據庫服務器，它使用 SQL（Structured Query Language，結構化查詢語言）作為與數據庫交互的接口。它最初由瑞典的 MySQL AB 公司開發，后來被 Sun 公司收購，再后來隨著 Oracle 收購 Sun，MySQL 成為 Oracle 公司旗下的產品。不過，MySQL 仍然保持開源，遵循 GPL（General Public License）許可證。

1.2 MySQL 的特點

  1. 開源免費
    • MySQL 是開源軟件，這意味著用戶可以免費下載、安裝和使用它。開源特性也使得 MySQL 的社區非常活躍，有大量的開發者參與貢獻代碼和插件，幫助不斷完善和優化數據庫系統。
  2. 高性能
    • MySQL 在處理大量數據時表現出色。它支持多種存儲引擎，其中最常用的是 InnoDB。InnoDB 存儲引擎提供了事務支持、行級鎖定和外鍵約束等功能，能夠有效地提高并發性能和數據一致性。例如，在一個電商網站中，當多個用戶同時下單時，InnoDB 存儲引擎可以確保訂單數據的正確插入和更新，而不會出現數據沖突。
  3. 跨平臺
    • MySQL 可以運行在多種操作系統上，包括 Linux、Windows、macOS 等。這種跨平臺特性使得開發人員可以在不同的開發環境中使用 MySQL，方便了開發和部署。比如，開發人員可以在 Windows 系統上開發應用程序，而將數據庫部署在 Linux 服務器上，以利用 Linux 的穩定性和性能優勢。
  4. 易于使用
    • MySQL 提供了簡單易用的命令行工具和圖形化界面工具（如 MySQL Workbench）。通過這些工具，用戶可以方便地進行數據庫的創建、表的定義、數據的插入、查詢和更新等操作。例如，通過 MySQL Workbench，用戶可以直觀地看到數據庫的結構，通過圖形化界面進行 SQL 查詢的編寫和執行，而不需要記住復雜的命令行語法。
  5. 可擴展性強
    • MySQL 支持集群和分布式數據庫架構，能夠滿足大規模數據存儲和高并發訪問的需求。通過配置主從復制、分片等技術，可以實現數據庫的高可用性和負載均衡。例如，在一個大型互聯網應用中，可以使用主從復制架構，將主數據庫用于數據的寫入操作，從數據庫用于讀取操作，從而提高系統的讀取性能。
  6. 安全性高
    • MySQL 提供了多種安全機制，如用戶權限管理、數據加密、SSL/TLS 支持等。用戶可以根據需要為不同的用戶分配不同的權限，限制用戶對數據庫的操作范圍。例如，可以為普通用戶只授予查詢權限，而將數據修改和刪除權限授予管理員用戶。同時，通過數據加密和 SSL/TLS 加密通信，可以保護數據在存儲和傳輸過程中的安全。

1.3 MySQL 的應用領域

  1. 網站開發
    • MySQL 是 Web 開發中常用的數據庫之一。它與 PHP、Python、Java 等編程語言配合良好，能夠快速實現動態網站的功能。例如，在一個新聞網站中，MySQL 可以存儲新聞文章、用戶評論、用戶信息等數據，通過 SQL 查詢語句，網站可以動態地展示新聞內容和用戶評論。
  2. 企業級應用
    • 許多企業使用 MySQL 來存儲和管理業務數據。例如，在一個企業的客戶關系管理系統（CRM）中，MySQL 可以存儲客戶信息、銷售記錄、訂單詳情等數據。通過 MySQL 的事務處理功能，可以確保業務數據的完整性和一致性。
  3. 大數據分析
    • 雖然 MySQL 本身不是專門的大數據分析工具，但它可以作為數據倉庫的一部分，存儲和管理結構化數據。通過與其他數據分析工具（如 Apache Hive、Spark 等）結合，可以對存儲在 MySQL 中的數據進行分析和挖掘，為企業決策提供支持。
  4. 移動應用后端
    • 在移動應用開發中，MySQL 可以作為后端數據庫，存儲用戶數據、應用配置信息等。移動應用通過網絡請求與 MySQL 數據庫進行交互，獲取數據并展示給用戶。例如，在一個社交類移動應用中，MySQL 可以存儲用戶的好友關系、消息記錄等數據。

1.4 MySQL 的存儲引擎

MySQL 支持多種存儲引擎，每種存儲引擎都有其特點和適用場景。以下是一些常見的存儲引擎：

  1. InnoDB
    • 這是 MySQL 的默認存儲引擎。它支持事務處理、行級鎖定和外鍵約束。InnoDB 的事務特性可以保證數據操作的原子性、一致性、隔離性和持久性（ACID）。例如，在一個銀行系統的轉賬操作中，InnoDB 存儲引擎可以確保轉賬操作要么完全成功，要么完全失敗，不會出現數據不一致的情況。
  2. MyISAM
    • MyISAM 是 MySQL 早期的默認存儲引擎，它支持全文索引，適合用于文本搜索等場景。不過，MyISAM 不支持事務處理和行級鎖定，而是采用表級鎖定。這意味著在并發操作時，可能會出現性能瓶頸。例如，在一個高并發的電商網站中，如果使用 MyISAM 存儲引擎，可能會導致多個用戶同時下單時出現數據沖突或性能下降的情況。
  3. Memory
    • Memory 存儲引擎將數據存儲在內存中，因此讀取速度非常快。但是，Memory 存儲引擎的數據在數據庫重啟后會丟失，因此它適合用于臨時數據存儲和快速查詢的場景。例如，在一個需要快速統計用戶訪問次數的應用中，可以使用 Memory 存儲引擎存儲臨時的訪問數據，然后定期將數據匯總到其他存儲引擎中。

1.5 MySQL 的架構

MySQL 的架構可以分為多個層次，主要包括客戶端層、服務端層和存儲引擎層。

  1. 客戶端層
    • 客戶端層是用戶與 MySQL 數據庫交互的入口。用戶可以通過命令行工具、圖形化界面工具或編程語言中的數據庫連接庫（如 JDBC、ODBC 等）與 MySQL 數據庫進行通信。客戶端層的主要功能是將用戶的 SQL 查詢語句發送到服務端，并接收服務端返回的查詢結果。
  2. 服務端層
    • 服務端層是 MySQL 的核心部分，它負責處理客戶端的請求。服務端層主要包括連接池、查詢解析器、查詢優化器和緩存機制等組件。連接池用于管理客戶端的連接，提高連接的復用性。查詢解析器將客戶端發送的 SQL 查詢語句解析成內部的邏輯結構。查詢優化器根據查詢語句和數據庫的統計信息，選擇最優的查詢執行計劃。緩存機制可以緩存查詢結果和數據頁，提高查詢性能。例如，當用戶多次查詢相同的數據時，緩存機制可以直接返回緩存中的結果，而不需要重新從磁盤讀取數據。
  3. 存儲引擎層
    • 存儲引擎層負責數據的存儲和檢索。如前面提到的，MySQL 支持多種存儲引擎，每種存儲引擎都有自己的數據存儲格式和訪問機制。服務端層通過統一的接口與存儲引擎層進行交互，將查詢請求轉發給存儲引擎，并將存儲引擎返回的結果返回給客戶端。

1.6 MySQL 的優勢和局限性

  1. 優勢

    • 性能卓越：MySQL 在處理高并發和大數據量時表現出色，尤其在 Web 應用和互聯網領域，能夠快速響應用戶的請求。
    • 成本低：開源免費的特性使得 MySQL 的使用成本較低，適合中小型企業或個人開發者。
    • 社區支持強大：由于 MySQL 的開源性和廣泛的使用，擁有龐大的開發者社區。用戶可以在社區中找到大量的技術文檔、教程和解決方案。
    • 易于學習和部署：MySQL 的語法簡單，易于上手。同時，它提供了多種安裝方式和配置選項，方便用戶根據自己的需求進行部署。

  2. 局限性

    • 功能相對有限：與一些商業數據庫（如 Oracle、SQL Server）相比，MySQL 在某些高級功能（如復雜的數據分析、高級的存儲過程等）上可能稍顯不足。

    • 數據一致性問題：在高并發場景下，如果配置不當，可能會出現數據一致性問題。例如，如果使用了不支持事務的存儲引擎（如 MyISAM），可能會導致數據丟失或不一致的情況。

    • 可維護性問題：隨著數據庫規模的增大，MySQL 的維護成本可能會增加。例如，數據庫的備份、恢復、性能優化等操作需要專業的知識和經驗。

1.7 MySQL 的未來發展趨勢

  1. 性能優化
    • MySQL 開發團隊會不斷優化數據庫的性能，特別是在高并發和大數據量處理方面。例如，通過改進存儲引擎的算法、優化查詢優化器的邏輯等方式，進一步提高 MySQL 的性能。
  2. 與云計算的融合
    • 隨著云計算技術的發展，MySQL 會更加緊密地與云計算平臺結合。云數據庫（如 Amazon RDS for MySQL、阿里云 MySQL 等）提供了自動備份、彈性擴展、高可用性等特性。

2.MySQL安裝

2.1 主機初始化

2.1.1 設置網卡名

  • Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

    • 創建 systemd 鏈接文件： 創建 /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link 文件。

      [root@rocky9 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/
[root@rocky9 ~]# touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link[root@rocky9 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:60:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp3s0inet 172.31.7.16/21 brd 172.31.7.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160valid_lft 1791sec preferred_lft 1791secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:608f/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@rocky9 ~]# cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=00:0c:29:f8:60:8f[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF# 也可以執行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
mkdir /etc/systemd/network/
touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link
cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=${ETHMAC}[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF

    • 修改 NetworkManager 配置文件： 如果使用 NetworkManager 管理網絡，需要修改 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections 下的配置文件。

      [root@rocky9 ~]# mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection[root@rocky9 ~]# sed -i.bak 's/'ens160'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection# 也可以執行下面命令
mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

  • Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10、Uos Server v20：

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打開 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下內容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      執行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引導系統，更新命令為：

      # Rocky
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/rocky/grub.cfg# Almalinux
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux/grub.cfg# CentOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg# openEuler
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/openEuler/grub.cfg# AnolisOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/anolis/grub.cfg# OpenCloudOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/opencloudos/grub.cfg# Kylin Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/kylin/grub.cfg# Uos Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/uos/grub.cfg# UEFI 引導系統可以直接執行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 創建 Udev 規則文件： 創建 /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules 文件，并添加以下內容：

      SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="<網卡MAC地址>", NAME="eth0"

      **注意：**創建Udev這個步驟只在AnolisOS 8上執行。

      將 <網卡MAC地址> 替換為實際網卡的 MAC 地址。

      [root@anolis8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:38:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s1inet 172.31.7.15/21 brd 172.31.7.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33valid_lft 1590sec preferred_lft 1590secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:383b/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@anolis8 ~]# cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:c5:38:3b", NAME="eth0"
EOF# 也可以執行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="${ETHMAC}", NAME="eth0"
EOF

    • 修改網卡配置文件： 創建 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件，并配置網卡參數，例如：

      ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

  • Ubuntu和Debian：

    # Ubuntu和Debian先啟用root用戶，并設置密碼
raymond@ubuntu2404:~$ cat set_root_login.sh 
#!/bin/bashread -p "請輸入密碼: " PASSWORD
echo ${PASSWORD} |sudo -S sed -ri 's@#(PermitRootLogin )prohibit-password@\1yes@' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl restart sshd
sudo -S passwd root <<-EOF
${PASSWORD}
${PASSWORD}
EOFraymond@ubuntu2404:~$ bash set_root_login.sh 
請輸入密碼: 123456
[sudo] password for raymond: New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打開 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下內容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      執行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引導系統，更新命令為：

      # Ubuntu
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg# Debian
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg# UEFI 引導系統可以直接執行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 修改網卡配置文件：

      # Ubuntu 24.04
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu 24.04
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
touch /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg <<-EOF
network: {config: disabled}
EOF
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu 20.04
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml# Ubuntu 18.04
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml# Debian
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/network/interfaces

  • 重啟系統：

    reboot

    重啟后，網卡名稱將變為 eth0。

2.1.2 設置ip地址

ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`# IP變量是ip地址，PREFIX變量是子網掩碼位數；GATEWAY變量是網關地址；PRIMARY_DNS變量是主DNS，BACKUP_DNS變量是備用DNS，根據自己的需求修改。
IP=172.31.0.9
PREFIX=21
GATEWAY=172.31.0.2
PRIMARY_DNS=223.5.5.5
BACKUP_DNS=180.76.76.76

Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

cat > /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection <<-EOF
[connection]
id=${ETHNAME}
type=ethernet
interface-name=${ETHNAME}[ipv4]
address1=${IP}/${PREFIX},${GATEWAY}
dns=${PRIMARY_DNS};${BACKUP_DNS};
method=manual
EOF

Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10、Uos Server v20：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
NAME=${ETHNAME}
DEVICE=${ETHNAME}
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Ethernet
IPADDR=${IP}
PREFIX=${PREFIX}
GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}
DNS1=${PRIMARY_DNS}
DNS2=${BACKUP_DNS}
EOF

Ubuntu：

# Ubuntu 18.04
cat > /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]# Ubuntu 20.04
cat > /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF# Ubuntu 22.04/24.04
cat > /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]routes:- to: defaultvia: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF

Debian：

sed -ri -e "s/allow-hotplug/auto/g" -e "s/dhcp/static/g" /etc/network/interfaces
sed -i '/static/a\address '${IP}'/'${PREFIX}'\ngateway '${GATEWAY}'\ndns-nameservers '${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'\n' /etc/network/interfaces

openSUSE：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
STARTMODE='auto'
BOOTPROTO='static'
IPADDR='${IP}/${PREFIX}'
EOF
touch /etc/sysconfig/network/routes
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/routes  <<-EOF
default ${GATEWAY} - -
EOF
sed -ri  's/(NETCONFIG_DNS_STATIC_SERVERS=).*/\1"'${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'"/g' /etc/sysconfig/network/config

2.1.3 配置鏡像源

Rocky：

# 阿里云鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux，火山引擎鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.volces.com/rockylinux，后面地址是rockylinux，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rockylinux|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 搜狐鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.sohu.com/Rocky，后面地址是Rocky，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.sohu.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/Rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 其余鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址后面地址都是rocky，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

Almalinux：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^# baseurl=https://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo

CentOS Stream 9和10：

cat update_mirror.pl
#!/usr/bin/perluse strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;# 要修改鏡像源，請去修改url變量！
my $url = 'mirrors.aliyun.com';
my $mirrors = "https://$url/centos-stream";if (@ARGV < 1) {die "Usage: $0 <filename1> <filename2> ...\n";
}while (my $filename = shift @ARGV) {my $backup_filename = $filename . '.bak';rename $filename, $backup_filename;open my $input, "<", $backup_filename;open my $output, ">", $filename;while (<$input>) {s/^metalink/# metalink/;if (m/^name/) {my (undef, $repo, $arch) = split /-/;$repo =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;($arch = defined $arch ? lc($arch) : '') =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;if ($repo =~ /^Extras/) {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/SIGs/\$releasever-stream/extras" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/${arch}/" : "/\$basearch/") . "extras-common\n";} else {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/\$releasever-stream/$repo" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/" : "/\$basearch/") . ($arch ne '' ? "${arch}/tree/" : "os") . "\n";}}print $output $_;}
}rpm -q perl &> /dev/null || { echo -e "\\033[01;31m "安裝perl工具,請稍等..."\033[0m";yum -y install perl ; }perl ./update_mirror.pl /etc/yum.repos.d/centos*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS Stream 8：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS 7：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION=`cat /etc/centos-release | sed -rn 's/^(CentOS Linux release )(.*)( \(Core\))/\2/p'`
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' -e "s/\$releasever/${OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION}/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repoyum clean all && yum makecache

Ubuntu 24.04：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -ri "s@^(URIs: )(http.*://)(.*)(/ubuntu).?@\1https://${MIRROR}\4@g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sourcesapt update

Ubuntu 18.04、20.04和22.04：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu.* $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -i.bak -e 's@http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' -e 's@http.*://'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

Debian：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian-security $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -ri.bak -e 's/'${OLD_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/^(deb cdrom.*)/#\1/g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

openEuler：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/openeuler|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

AnolisOS:

OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo | head -1)# 中國科學院軟件研究所鏡像站AnolisOS系統鏡像源地址是：mirror.iscas.ac.cn/openanolis，后面地址是openanolis，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirror.iscas.ac.cn
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/openanolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo# 其余鏡像站AnolisOS系統鏡像源地址后面地址都是anolis，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/anolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

OpenCloudOS：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

openSUSE:

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/opensuse|g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repozypper clean && zypper refresh

2.1.4 關閉防火墻

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、openSUSE、Kylin Server、Uos Server
systemctl disable --now firewalld# CentOS 7還要執行下面命令
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager# Ubuntu
systemctl disable --now ufw# Debian默認沒有安裝防火墻，不用設置

2.1.5 禁用SELinux

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、Uos Server
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config# Ubuntu、Debian和openSUSE默認沒有安裝SELinux，不用設置

2.1.6 禁用AppArmor

# openSUSE發行版默認不啟用SELinux，而是使用AppArmor來提供強制訪問控制（MAC）功能，需要禁用AppArmor。
systemctl disable --now apparmor

2.1.7 設置時區

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone# Ubuntu還要設置下面內容
cat >> /etc/default/locale <<-EOF
LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
EOF

2.2 包安裝

2.2.1 Yum資源庫安裝MySQL

2.2.1.1 MySQL 8.0

在Rocky 8/9、Almalinux 8/9、CentOS Stream 8/9、openEuler 22.03/24.03、AnolisOS 8/23、OpenCloudOS 8/9、Kylin Server v10、Uos Server v20上安裝MySQL：

[root@rocky9 ~]# yum list mysql-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:27 ago on Fri 18 Apr 2025 08:58:40 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-server.x86_64                                     8.0.41-2.el9_5                                      appstream[root@rocky9 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.41 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.0 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-05-26 18:52:06 CST; 19s agoProcess: 11774 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 11796 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 11870 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38 (limit: 10892)Memory: 455.1MCPU: 3.566sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─11870 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usrMay 26 18:52:02 rocky9 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL 8.0 database server...
May 26 18:52:02 rocky9 mysql-prepare-db-dir[11796]: Initializing MySQL database
May 26 18:52:06 rocky9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL 8.0 database server.[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.41 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.41 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.41 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			39 secThreads: 2  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 120  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.128
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在CentOS 7上安裝MySQL：

# centos7上鏡像源默認沒有mysql的安裝包，需要添加鏡像源
[root@centos7 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql.repo <<EOF
[mysql]
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.0-community-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
EOF[root@centos7 ~]# yum makecache[root@centos7 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository 'mysql' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.11-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.12-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.13-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.14-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.15-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.16-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.16-2.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.17-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.18-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.19-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.20-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.21-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.22-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.23-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.24-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.25-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.26-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.27-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.28-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.30-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.31-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.32-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.33-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.34-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.35-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.36-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.37-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.39-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.40-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.41-1.el7                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.42-1.el7                                  mysql[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-05-27 03:23:18 CST; 25s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1153 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1219 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1219 /usr/sbin/mysqldMay 27 03:23:14 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 27 03:23:18 centos7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取mysql 5.7初始密碼
[root@centos7 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-05-26T19:23:15.760607Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ws6_srh4rk=M
# "ws6_srh4rk=M"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'ws6_srh4rk=M' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'ws6_srh4rk=M' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@centos7 ~]#  mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		13
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			4 min 2 secThreads: 2  Questions: 11  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.045
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
2.2.1.2 MySQL 8.4

在Rocky 10和Almalinux 10上安裝MySQL：

[root@rocky10 ~]# yum list mysql*-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:29 ago on Tue 10 Jun 2025 11:20:22 AM CST.
Available Packages
mysql8.4-server.x86_64                                   8.4.4-2.el10                                   appstream[root@rocky10 ~]# yum install -y mysql8.4-server[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky10 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf          client-key.pem      '#innodb_redo'     mysql_upgrade_history   public_key.pembinlog.000001    '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'     mysql_upgrade_info      server-cert.pembinlog.index     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'   mysql             mysqlx.sock             server-key.pemca-key.pem        ib_buffer_pool       mysql.ibd         mysqlx.sock.lock        sysca.pem            ibdata1              mysql.sock        performance_schema      undo_001client-cert.pem   ibtmp1               mysql.sock.lock   private_key.pem         undo_002[root@rocky10 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.4 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-06-10 11:22:48 CST; 32s agoInvocation: 9156f6bbf370431887df1a3d38689b85Process: 1529 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 1555 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1628 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 10497)Memory: 440.3M (peak: 454.9M)CPU: 2.949sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1628 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usrJun 10 11:22:44 rocky10 systemd[1]: Starting mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server...
Jun 10 11:22:44 rocky10 mysql-prepare-db-dir[1555]: Initializing MySQL database
Jun 10 11:22:48 rocky10 systemd[1]: Started mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server.[root@rocky10 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.4 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.4 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.4 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			58 secThreads: 2  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 120  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.103
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在CentOS Stream 10上安裝MySQL：

[root@centos10 ~]# yum list mysql-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:19 ago on Fri 18 Apr 2025 08:47:00 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-server.x86_64                                      8.4.2-1.el10                                       appstream
mysql-server.x86_64                                      8.4.2-4.el10                                       appstream
mysql-server.x86_64                                      8.4.2-5.el10                                       appstream[root@centos10 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server[root@centos10 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@centos10 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               mysqlx.sock          server-cert.pembinlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              mysqlx.sock.lock     server-key.pembinlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         performance_schema   sysca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   private_key.pem      undo_001ca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           mysql_upgrade_info      public_key.pem       undo_002[root@centos10 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.2 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)[root@centos10 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 20:52:36 CST; 1min 29s agoInvocation: 88e292c61b504209b59f1c6c66e8a394Process: 1460 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 1483 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1556 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 34 (limit: 10497)Memory: 446.1M (peak: 454M)CPU: 3.678sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1556 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usrApr 18 20:52:31 centos10 systemd[1]: Starting mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server...
Apr 18 20:52:32 centos10 mysql-prepare-db-dir[1483]: Initializing MySQL database
Apr 18 20:52:36 centos10 systemd[1]: Started mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server.[root@centos10 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.2 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.2 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.2 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 54 secThreads: 2  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 120  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.052
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在Rocky 8/9、Almalinux 8/9、CentOS Stream 8/9、openEuler 22.03/24.03、AnolisOS 8/23、OpenCloudOS 8/9、Kylin Server v10、Uos Server v20上安裝MySQL：

打開“https://dev.mysql.com/downloads”網址，選擇“MySQL Yum Repository（MySQL Yum資源庫）”，如圖2所示。

t2

圖2 下載Yum倉庫包

然后根據系統版本下載相應的安裝包，如圖3所示。

t3

圖3 下載Yum倉庫包

Rocky 9、Almalinux 9、CentOS Stream 9、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、Uos Server默認沒有wget包，需要安裝
yum install -y wget[root@rocky9 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky9 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky9 ~]# yum makecache[root@rocky9 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:06 ago on Fri 18 Apr 2025 07:37:00 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.0-1.el9                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.2-1.el9                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.3-1.el9                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.4-1.el9                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.5-1.el9                           mysql-8.4-lts-community[root@rocky9 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky9 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-04-12 21:14:16 CST; 49s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 12094 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 12159 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 10892)Memory: 443.0MCPU: 3.806sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─12159 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 12 21:14:11 rocky9 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 12 21:14:16 rocky9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取MySQL初始密碼
[root@rocky9 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-04-12T13:52:56.917890Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: jqdeiDdgi3_I
# "jqdeiDdgi3_I"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'jqdeiDdgi3_I' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'jqdeiDdgi3_I' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			59 secThreads: 2  Questions: 9  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.152
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

Rocky 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS Stream 8、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8：

[root@rocky8 ~]# yum install -y wget[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# yum makecache[root@rocky8 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:43 ago on Sat 12 Apr 2025 11:29:44 PM CST.
Error: No matching Packages to list
# 找不到安裝包

在“Rocky 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS Stream 8、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8”操作系統上添加鏡像倉庫后，找不到安裝包，需要從官方網站下載安裝包來安裝。

打開"https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql"網址，"Select Version（選擇版本）"為：8.4.4 LTS，“Select Operating System（選擇操作系統）”為：Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux，"Select OS Version（選擇操作系統版本）"為：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 / Oracle Linux 8 (x86 , 64-bit)，然后選擇”RPM Bundel“后面的”Download“，如圖4所示。

t4

圖4 下載RPM包

[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.4/mysql-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar[root@rocky8 ~]# tar xf tar xf mysql-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [root@rocky8 ~]# yum install -y perl libaio[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# yum install -y net-tools[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el8.x86_64.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@rocky8 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@rocky8 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-04-19 01:13:21 CST; 35s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 15045 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 15112 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 12176)Memory: 469.9MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─15112 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 19 01:13:17 anolis8 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 19 01:13:21 anolis8 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取MySQL初始密碼
[root@rocky8 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-04-18T17:13:19.074870Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: gOtp+U:/L11&
# "y7:Fc>lcCpl!"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@rocky8 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'gOtp+U:/L11&' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@rocky8 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'gOtp+U:/L11&' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@rocky8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 48 secThreads: 2  Questions: 9  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.083
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

openEuler 22.03/24.03、Kylin Server v10、Uos Server v20：

[root@openeuler2403 ~]#  yum install -y wget[root@openeuler2403 ~]#  wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@openeuler2403 ~]#  rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@openeuler2403 ~]#  yum makecache[root@openeuler2403 ~]#  yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:19 ago on Fri 18 Apr 2025 03:09:05 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.0-1.el8                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.2-1.el8                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.3-1.el8                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.4-1.el8                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.5-1.el8                           mysql-8.4-lts-communit[root@openeuler2403 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@openeuler2403 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@openeuler2403 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@openeuler2403 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@openeuler2403 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 15:25:52 CST; 38s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1793 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1859 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 8901)Memory: 467.2M ()CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1859 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 18 15:25:48 openeuler2403 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 18 15:25:51 openeuler2403 (mysqld)[1859]: mysqld.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to>
Apr 18 15:25:52 openeuler2403 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取MySQL初始密碼
[root@openeuler2403 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-04-18T07:25:49.630875Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: beM?N(3yyz&y
# "jqdeiDdgi3_I"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@openeuler2403 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'beM?N(3yyz&y' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@openeuler2403 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'beM?N(3yyz&y' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@openeuler2403 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		10
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 18 secThreads: 2  Questions: 12  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.086
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在CentOS 7上安裝MySQL：

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y wget[root@centos7 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm[root@centos7 ~]# yum makecache[root@centos7 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.0-1.el7                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.2-1.el7                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.3-1.el7                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.4-1.el7                           mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.4.5-1.el7                           mysql-8.4-lts-communit[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-04-19 04:07:32 CST; 38s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1185 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1249 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1249 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 19 04:07:27 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 19 04:07:32 centos7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取mysql初始密碼
[root@centos7 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-04-18T20:07:29.114303Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )puUpc=M8VJk
# “)puUpc=M8VJk”就是mysql的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p')puUpc=M8VJk' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p')puUpc=M8VJk' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		10
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 11 secThreads: 2  Questions: 12  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.091
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

2.2.2 Apt資源庫安裝MySQL

2.2.2.1 MySQL 8.0

在Ubuntu上安裝MySQL：

root@ubuntu2404:~# apt-cache madison mysql-server
mysql-server | 8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages
mysql-server | 8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages
mysql-server | 8.0.36-2ubuntu3 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packagesroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt install -y mysql-serverroot@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl enable --now mysqlroot@ubuntu2404:~# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))root@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-05-26 19:51:22 CST; 1min 3s agoMain PID: 2211 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 37 (limit: 2214)Memory: 364.0M (peak: 378.3M)CPU: 1.604sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─2211 /usr/sbin/mysqldMay 26 19:51:21 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Starting mysql.service - MySQL Community Server...
May 26 19:51:22 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Started mysql.service - MySQL Community Server.root@ubuntu2404:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 (Ubuntu)Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.42-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 26 secThreads: 2  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 38  Queries per second avg: 0.058
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在Debian上安裝MySQL：

root@debian12:~# wget https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.debroot@debian12:~# dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.deb
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-apt-config.
dpkg: regarding mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.deb containing mysql-apt-config, pre-dependency problem:mysql-apt-config pre-depends on gnupggnupg is not installed. # 提示沒有安裝gnupgdpkg: error processing archive mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.deb (--install):pre-dependency problem - not installing mysql-apt-config
Errors were encountered while processing:mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.debroot@debian12:~# apt install -y gnupgroot@debian12:~# dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.29-1_all.deb

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected: mysql-8.0)” 選項，然后按下 Enter 鍵，這將允許你選擇具體的 MySQL 服務器版本，如圖5所示。

t5

圖5 選擇MySQL版本

在版本選擇界面中，選擇 “mysql-8.0” 版本（或其他你想要的版本）并按 Enter，如圖6所示。

t6

圖6 選擇MySQL版本

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “Ok” 選項，按下 Enter 鍵，確認并保存配置，如圖7所示。

t7

圖7 確認選擇

root@debian12:~# apt updateroot@debian12:~# apt-cache madison mysql-community-server
mysql-community-server | 8.0.42-1debian12 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian bookworm/mysql-8.0 amd64 Packages
mysql-community | 8.0.42-1debian12 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian bookworm/mysql-8.0 Sourcesroot@debian12:~# apt install -y mysql-community-server

輸入MySQL root用戶密碼，然后按下 Enter 鍵，如圖8所示。

t8

圖8 輸入MySQL root用戶密碼

在下面提示直接按下 Enter 鍵，如圖9所示。

t9

圖9 確認提示信息

選擇“Use Strong Password Encryption (RECOMMENDED)”，然后按下 Enter 鍵，如圖10所示。

t10

圖10 選擇默認身份驗證插件

root@debian12:~# systemctl enable --now mysqlroot@debian12:~# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)root@debian12:~# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-05-26 21:52:30 CST; 1min 1s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlMain PID: 2575 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38 (limit: 2273)Memory: 370.3MCPU: 1.506sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─2575 /usr/sbin/mysqldMay 26 21:52:30 debian12 systemd[1]: Starting mysql.service - MySQL Community Server...
May 26 21:52:30 debian12 systemd[1]: Started mysql.service - MySQL Community Server.root@debian12:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 22 secThreads: 2  Questions: 7  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 38  Queries per second avg: 0.085
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
2.2.2.2 MySQL 8.4

在Ubuntu、Debian上安裝MySQL：

打開“https://dev.mysql.com/downloads”網址，選擇“MySQL APT Repository（MySQL APT資源庫）”，如圖11所示。

t11

圖11 下載APT倉庫包

然后根據系統版本下載相應的安裝包，如圖12所示。

t12

圖12 下載APT倉庫包

在Ubuntu上安裝MySQL：

root@ubuntu2404:~# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.debroot@ubuntu2404:~# dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.deb

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected: mysql-8.4-lts)” 選項，然后按下 Enter 鍵，這將允許你選擇具體的 MySQL 服務器版本，如圖13所示。

t13

圖13 選擇MySQL版本

在版本選擇界面中，選擇 “mysql-8.4-lts” 版本（或其他你想要的版本）并按 Enter，如圖14所示。

t14

圖14 選擇MySQL版本

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “Ok” 選項，按下 Enter 鍵，確認并保存配置，如圖15所示。

t15

圖15 確認選擇

root@ubuntu2404:~# apt updateroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt-cache madison mysql-community-server
mysql-community-server | 8.4.5-1ubuntu24.04 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu noble/mysql-8.4-lts amd64 Packages
mysql-community | 8.4.5-1ubuntu24.04 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu noble/mysql-8.4-lts Sourcesroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt install -y  mysql-community-server

輸入MySQL root用戶密碼，然后按下 Enter 鍵，如圖16所示。

t16

圖16 輸入MySQL root用戶密碼

root@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl enable --now mysqlroot@ubuntu2404:~# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)root@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 21:27:29 CST; 1min 44s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlMain PID: 2546 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 34 (limit: 2214)Memory: 428.5M (peak: 442.6M)CPU: 2.447sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─2546 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 18 21:27:28 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Starting mysql.service - MySQL Community Server...
Apr 18 21:27:29 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Started mysql.service - MySQL Community Server.root@ubuntu2204:~# mysql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 14 secThreads: 2  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 38  Queries per second avg: 0.044
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在Debian上安裝MySQL：

root@debian12:~# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.debroot@debian12:~# dpkg -i  mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.deb
dpkg: regarding mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.deb containing mysql-apt-config, pre-dependency problem:mysql-apt-config pre-depends on gnupggnupg is not installed. # 提示沒有安裝gnupgdpkg: error processing archive mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.deb (--install):pre-dependency problem - not installing mysql-apt-config
Errors were encountered while processing:mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.debroot@debian12:~# apt install -y gnupgroot@debian12:~# dpkg -i  mysql-apt-config_0.8.34-1_all.deb

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected: mysql-8.4-lts)” 選項，然后按下 Enter 鍵，這將允許你選擇具體的 MySQL 服務器版本，如圖17所示。

t17

圖17 選擇MySQL版本

在版本選擇界面中，選擇 “mysql-8.4-lts” 版本（或其他你想要的版本）并按 Enter，如圖18所示。

t18

圖18 選擇MySQL版本

使用箭頭鍵導航到 “Ok” 選項，按下 Enter 鍵，確認并保存配置，如圖19所示。

t19

圖19 確認選擇

root@debian12:~# apt updateroot@debian12:~# apt-cache madison mysql-community-server
mysql-community-server | 8.4.5-1debian12 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian bookworm/mysql-8.4-lts amd64 Packages
mysql-community | 8.4.5-1debian12 | http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian bookworm/mysql-8.4-lts Sourcesroot@debian12:~# apt install -y  mysql-community-server

輸入MySQL root用戶密碼，然后按下 Enter 鍵，如圖20所示。

t20

圖20 輸入MySQL root用戶密碼

root@debian12:~# systemctl enable --now mysqlroot@debian12:~# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)root@debian12:~# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 22:52:11 CST; 1min 4s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlMain PID: 2115 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 34 (limit: 2273)Memory: 436.0MCPU: 1.437sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─2115 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 18 22:52:10 debian12 systemd[1]: Starting mysql.service - MySQL Community Server...
Apr 18 22:52:11 debian12 systemd[1]: Started mysql.service - MySQL Community Server.root@debian12:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 29 secThreads: 2  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 38  Queries per second avg: 0.067
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

2.2.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MySQL

2.2.3.1 MySQL 8.0
opensuse15:~ # wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-sl15-1.noarch.rpmopensuse15:~ # rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-sl15-1.noarch.rpm opensuse15:~ # rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
opensuse15:~ # zypper refreshopensuse15:~ # zypper search "mysql-community-server"
Loading repository data...
Warning: Repository 'Update repository of openSUSE Backports' metadata expired since 2025-05-26 06:48:52 CST.
Warning: Repository 'Main Update Repository' metadata expired since 2025-05-17 16:03:01 CST.Warning: Repository metadata expired: Check if 'autorefresh' is turned on (zypper lr), otherwisemanually refresh the repository (zypper ref). If this does not solve the issue, it could be thatyou are using a broken mirror or the server has actually discontinued to support the repository.Reading installed packages...S | Name                         | Summary                                      | Type
--+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------| mysql-community-server       | A very fast and reliable SQL database server | package| mysql-community-server-debug | The debug version of MySQL server            | packageopensuse15:~ # zypper info "mysql-community-server"
Loading repository data...
Warning: Repository 'Update repository of openSUSE Backports' metadata expired since 2025-05-26 06:48:52 CST.
Warning: Repository 'Main Update Repository' metadata expired since 2025-05-17 16:03:01 CST.Warning: Repository metadata expired: Check if 'autorefresh' is turned on (zypper lr), otherwisemanually refresh the repository (zypper ref). If this does not solve the issue, it could be thatyou are using a broken mirror or the server has actually discontinued to support the repository.Reading installed packages...Information for package mysql-community-server:
-----------------------------------------------
Repository     : MySQL 8.0 Community Server
Name           : mysql-community-server
Version        : 8.0.42-1.sl15
Arch           : x86_64
Vendor         : Oracle and/or its affiliates
Installed Size : 401.1 MiB
Installed      : No
Status         : not installed
Source package : mysql-community-8.0.42-1.sl15.src
Upstream URL   : http://www.mysql.com/
Summary        : A very fast and reliable SQL database server
Description    : The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Serveris intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as wellas for embedding into mass-deployed software. MySQL is a trademark ofOracle and/or its affiliatesThe MySQL software has Dual Licensing, which means you can use the MySQLsoftware free of charge under the GNU General Public License(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/). You can also purchase commercial MySQLlicenses from Oracle and/or its affiliates if you do not wish to be bound by the terms ofthe GPL. See the chapter "Licensing and Support" in the manual forfurther info.The MySQL web site (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest news andinformation about the MySQL software.  Also please see the documentationand the manual for more information.This package includes the MySQL server binary as well as related utilitiesto run and administer a MySQL server.opensuse15:~ # zypper install -y mysql-community-serveropensuse15:~ # systemctl enable --now mysqlopensuse15:~ # mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
opensuse15:~ # systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-05-27 11:38:33 CST; 35s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 13955 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 14019 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38 (limit: 2250)CPU: 6.301sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─14019 /usr/sbin/mysqldMay 27 11:38:25 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 27 11:38:32 opensuse15 (mysqld)[14019]: mysql.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates t>
May 27 11:38:33 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取MySQL初始密碼
opensuse15:~ # grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
2025-05-27T03:38:27.924298Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rhjiMe?S1g*S
# "rhjiMe?S1g*S"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'rhjiMe?S1g*S' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'rhjiMe?S1g*S' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safetyopensuse15:~ # mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.42 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		11
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.42 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 38 secThreads: 2  Questions: 11  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.069
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
2.2.3.2 MySQL 8.4

在openSUSE上安裝MySQL：

打開“https://dev.mysql.com/downloads”網址，選擇“MySQL SUSE Repository（MySQL SUSE資源庫）”，如圖21所示。

t21

圖21 下載SUSE倉庫包

然后根據系統版本下載相應的安裝包，如圖22所示。

t22

圖22 下載SUSE倉庫包

opensuse15:~ # wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-sl15-1.noarch.rpmopensuse15:~ # rpm -Uvh mysql84-community-release-sl15-1.noarch.rpmopensuse15:~ # zypper update -y mysql84-community-releaseopensuse15:~ # zypper refreshopensuse15:~ # zypper install -y mysql-community-serveropensuse15:~ # systemctl enable --now mysqlopensuse15:~ # ls /var/lib/mysql
#ib_16384_0.dblwr  auto.cnf       ca.pem           ibdata1    mysql.sock             private_key.pem  sys
#ib_16384_1.dblwr  binlog.000001  client-cert.pem  ibtmp1     mysql.sock.lock        public_key.pem   undo_001
#innodb_redo       binlog.index   client-key.pem   mysql      mysql_upgrade_history  server-cert.pem  undo_002
#innodb_temp       ca-key.pem     ib_buffer_pool   mysql.ibd  performance_schema     server-key.pemopensuse15:~ # mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)opensuse15:~ # systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 22:06:26 CST; 54s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 14025 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 14088 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 2250)CPU: 5.552sCGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service└─14088 /usr/sbin/mysqldApr 18 22:06:18 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 18 22:06:24 opensuse15 (mysqld)[14088]: mysql.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to an>
Apr 18 22:06:26 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 獲取MySQL初始密碼
opensuse15:~ # grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
2025-04-18T14:06:21.043078Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Wwm:uvwie3sx
# "Wwm:uvwie3sx"就是MySQL的初始密碼# 修改mysql密碼
[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'Wwm:uvwie3sx' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面報錯提示密碼太簡單[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'Wwm:uvwie3sx' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safetyopensuse15:~ # mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.5 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		11
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			3 min 22 secThreads: 2  Questions: 12  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.059
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

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