一，dockerfile常用命令

命令	介紹
FROM	–指定基礎鏡像
LABEL	作者信息
USER	切換運行屬主身份
WORKDUR	切換工作目錄
ENV	用于docker容器設置環境變量
RUN	用來執行命令行的命令
COPY	把宿主機文件復制到鏡像中去
ADD	將文件路徑復制添加到容器內部路徑
EXPOSE	為容器打開指定要監聽的端口以實現與外部通信

二，dockerfile命令使用介紹

1. FROM(指定基礎鏡像)

FROM <鏡像>：[tag]
FROM openjdk:11-jdk-buster
當前主機沒有鏡像，會在官網下載

2. LABEL(作者信息)

LABEL maintainer = "作者信息"

3. WORKDUR(切換工作目錄)

WORKDUR /usr/local/tomcat/

4. ENV(用于docker容器設置環境變量)

ENV CATALINA_JAVA  /usr/local/tomcat
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

5. RUN(用來執行命令行的命令)

RUN apt-get update

6. COPY(把宿主機文件復制到鏡像中去)

COPY source_file destination_file

7. ADD(將文件路徑復制添加到容器內部路徑)

ADD <源路徑> <目標路徑>

8. EXPOSE(為容器打開指定要監聽的端口以實現與外部通信)

EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 80 443

三，構建一個dockerfile

# 使用官方OpenJDK 17鏡像（基于Ubuntu Jammy，包含完整JDK）
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk-jammy# 設置工作目錄
WORKDIR /app# 將本地JAR文件復制到容器中（假設打包后的文件名為app.jar）
COPY target/app.jar /app/app.jar# 暴露應用端口（根據實際需求修改）
EXPOSE 8080# 啟動命令（根據實際啟動參數調整）
CMD ["java", "-jar", "/app/app.jar"]

四，docker-compose安裝構建

1. docker安裝docker-compose命令

# 使用 curl 下載（推薦）
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose# 或使用 wget 下載
sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/docker-compose https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)# 添加執行權限
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose# 驗證安裝
docker-compose --version
# 正常應輸出類似：docker-compose version 1.xx.x, build xxxxx

2.構建docker-compose.yml配置

services:# 數據庫服務mysql:image: mysql:8.0environment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL_USER}MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}volumes:- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql- ./docker/mysql/my-custom.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/custom.cnfnetworks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}restart: always# 緩存服務redis:image: redis:8.0command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}volumes:- redis_data:/data- ./docker/redis/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.confnetworks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}restart: always# 搜索引擎elasticsearch:image: elasticsearch:8.11.3environment:- discovery.type=single-node- xpack.security.enabled=false- "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"volumes:- es_data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/datanetworks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}ulimits:memlock:soft: -1hard: -1restart: always# 可視化分析kibana:image: kibana:8.11.3environment:- ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://elasticsearch:9200ports:- "5601:5601"networks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}depends_on:- elasticsearchrestart: always# 對象存儲minio:image: minio/minio:RELEASE.2023-10-13T21-12-34Zcommand: server /data --console-address ":9001"environment:MINIO_ROOT_USER: ${MINIO_ROOT_USER}MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD}volumes:- minio_data:/dataports:- "9000:9000"- "9001:9001"networks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}restart: always# 后端服務backend:build:context: ./backenddockerfile: ../docker/backend/Dockerfileenvironment:SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/${MYSQL_DATABASE}?useSSL=falseSPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME: ${MYSQL_USER}SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}REDIS_HOST: redisREDIS_PORT: 6379REDIS_PASSWORD: ${REDIS_PASSWORD}ELASTICSEARCH_HOST: elasticsearchMINIO_ENDPOINT: minio:9000MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: ${MINIO_ROOT_USER}MINIO_SECRET_KEY: ${MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD}ports:- "${BACKEND_PORT}:8080"networks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}depends_on:- mysql- redis- elasticsearch- miniorestart: always# 前端服務frontend:build:context: ./frontenddockerfile: Dockerfileports:- "${FRONTEND_PORT}:80"networks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}depends_on:- backendrestart: always# 反向代理nginx:image: nginx:1.23volumes:- ./docker/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.confports:- "80:80"- "443:443"networks:- ${NETWORK_NAME}depends_on:- frontend- backendrestart: alwaysnetworks:app_network:driver: bridgevolumes:mysql_data:redis_data:es_data:minio_data: