1、JNI概述
Java Native Interface (JNI) 是一種編程框架,使得Java代碼能夠與用其他編程語言(如C和C++)編寫的本地代碼進行交互。JNI允許Java代碼調用本地代碼的函數,也允許本地代碼調用Java代碼的函數。下面是對JNI機制的詳細概述,包括其基本原理、工作流程、常見用途和示例代碼。
1.1. JNI的基本原理
JNI的核心原理是通過一個標準化的接口,使得Java虛擬機(JVM)和本地代碼可以互相通信和操作。JNI提供了一套函數,這些函數可以在本地代碼中使用,以便與JVM交互,例如創建和操作Java對象,調用Java方法,處理異常等。
1.2. JNI的工作流程
使用JNI的工作流程通常包括以下幾個步驟:
1、聲明本地方法:在Java類中聲明native方法。
2、加載本地庫:在Java類中加載包含本地方法實現的庫。
3、生成頭文件:使用javac和javah工具生成包含native方法聲明的頭文件。
4、實現本地方法:在C/C++中實現native方法。
5、編譯本地庫:編譯C/C++代碼生成共享庫。
6、調用本地方法:在Java代碼中調用native方法。
1.3. JNI的常見用途
JNI常用于以下幾種場景:
1、性能優化:將性能關鍵的部分用C/C++實現,以提高執行效率。
2、訪問底層系統資源:訪問操作系統的底層功能或硬件資源。
3、重用現有庫:調用已有的C/C++庫或API。
4、實現平臺特定功能:在跨平臺應用中實現特定平臺的功能。
2、JNI的優缺點
2.1、優點
1、性能優化:可以使用高效的本地代碼,尤其是在性能關鍵的部分。
2、硬件訪問:能夠直接訪問Java API不提供的底層硬件功能。
3、代碼復用:重用現有的C/C++庫,無需重新實現復雜的邏輯。
4、多語言互操作:可以在同一個應用中使用多種編程語言,各取所長。
2.2、缺點
1、復雜性增加:引入了額外的復雜性,需要了解C/C++和JNI API。
2、平臺依賴性:本地代碼需要針對不同的平臺編譯,增加了維護成本。
3、內存管理:需要手動管理內存,容易出現內存泄漏和指針錯誤。
4、調試困難:調試JNI代碼比純Java代碼困難,需要使用特定的工具和方法。
3、JNI的使用場景
1、性能優化:在需要大量計算或復雜邏輯的地方使用本地代碼。
2、硬件功能:訪問攝像頭、傳感器等底層硬件功能。
3、現有庫:使用已有的C/C++庫,例如圖像處理庫、加密庫等。
4、跨語言調用:在需要與其他編程語言互操作時,例如從Java調用C++代碼。
4、Android日志系統概述
Android日志系統主要由Log類和__android_log_print等C/C++函數組成,提供了記錄調試信息的功能。Java層的日志API(如android.util.Log)最終調用的是本地日志函數,這些函數將日志消息寫入系統日志緩沖區。
要深入了解Android Log的JNI實現流程,我們需要從JNI機制、Android日志系統、JNI方法實現及其相互配合的細節等方面進行詳細分析。
5、本地方法聲明(關鍵字native)
frameworks\base\core\java\android\util\Log.java
/*** Checks to see whether or not a log for the specified tag is loggable at the specified level.** The default level of any tag is set to INFO. This means that any level above and including* INFO will be logged. Before you make any calls to a logging method you should check to see* if your tag should be logged. You can change the default level by setting a system property:* 'setprop log.tag.<YOUR_LOG_TAG> <LEVEL>'* Where level is either VERBOSE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, ASSERT, or SUPPRESS. SUPPRESS will* turn off all logging for your tag. You can also create a local.prop file that with the* following in it:* 'log.tag.<YOUR_LOG_TAG>=<LEVEL>'* and place that in /data/local.prop.** @param tag The tag to check.* @param level The level to check.* @return Whether or not that this is allowed to be logged.* @throws IllegalArgumentException is thrown if the tag.length() > 23.*/public static native boolean isLoggable(String tag, int level);
/*** Low-level logging call.* @param priority The priority/type of this log message* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies* the class or activity where the log call occurs.* @param msg The message you would like logged.* @return The number of bytes written.*/public static int println(int priority, String tag, String msg) {return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, priority, tag, msg);}/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_MAIN = 0;/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_RADIO = 1;/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2;/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3;/** @hide */ public static native int println_native(int bufID,int priority, String tag, String msg);
6、本地方法實現
frameworks\base\core\jni\android_util_Log.cpp
static jboolean android_util_Log_isLoggable(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring tag, jint level)
{if (tag == NULL) {return false;}const char* chars = env->GetStringUTFChars(tag, NULL);if (!chars) {return false;}jboolean result = false;if ((strlen(chars)+sizeof(LOG_NAMESPACE)) > PROPERTY_KEY_MAX) {char buf2[200];snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "Log tag \"%s\" exceeds limit of %d characters\n",chars, PROPERTY_KEY_MAX - sizeof(LOG_NAMESPACE));jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", buf2);} else {result = isLoggable(chars, level);}env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tag, chars);return result;
}
/** In class android.util.Log:* public static native int println_native(int buffer, int priority, String tag, String msg)*/
static jint android_util_Log_println_native(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,jint bufID, jint priority, jstring tagObj, jstring msgObj)
{const char* tag = NULL;const char* msg = NULL;if (msgObj == NULL) {jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "println needs a message");return -1;}if (bufID < 0 || bufID >= LOG_ID_MAX) {jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "bad bufID");return -1;}if (tagObj != NULL)tag = env->GetStringUTFChars(tagObj, NULL);msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL);int res = __android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg);if (tag != NULL)env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tagObj, tag);env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msgObj, msg);return res;
}
7、虛擬機里面動態注冊
frameworks\base\core\jni\AndroidRuntime.cpp
/** Register android native functions with the VM.*/
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{/** This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be* attached to the JavaVM. (This needs to go away in favor of JNI* Attach calls.)*/androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");/** Every "register" function calls one or more things that return* a local reference (e.g. FindClass). Because we haven't really* started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame* and never released. Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.*/env->PushLocalFrame(200);if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);return -1;}env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);//createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");return 0;
}
static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
{for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
#ifndef NDEBUGALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
#endifreturn -1;}}return 0;
}
注意傳入進來的參數
static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {REG_JNI(register_android_debug_JNITest),REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),REG_JNI(register_android_util_FloatMath),REG_JNI(register_android_text_format_Time),REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory),REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PixelFormat),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20DisplayList),REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20Canvas),REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareRenderer),REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileUtils),REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),REG_JNI(register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor),REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),REG_JNI(register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager),REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),REG_JNI(register_android_server_Watchdog),REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
};
看到register_android_util_Log了吧
int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env)
{jclass clazz = env->FindClass("android/util/Log");if (clazz == NULL) {ALOGE("Can't find android/util/Log");return -1;}levels.verbose = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "VERBOSE", "I"));levels.debug = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "DEBUG", "I"));levels.info = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "INFO", "I"));levels.warn = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "WARN", "I"));levels.error = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "ERROR", "I"));levels.assert = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "ASSERT", "I"));return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env, "android/util/Log", gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}
動態注冊完成,那共享庫(.so)是在哪里加載的呢?
8、共享庫加載
看本地實現文件的mk:frameworks\base\core\jni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \AndroidRuntime.cpp \Time.cpp \com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper.cpp \com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl.cpp \com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl.cpp.arm \android_app_NativeActivity.cpp \android_opengl_EGL14.cpp \android_opengl_GLES10.cpp \android_opengl_GLES10Ext.cpp \android_opengl_GLES11.cpp \android_opengl_GLES11Ext.cpp \android_opengl_GLES20.cpp \android_database_CursorWindow.cpp \android_database_SQLiteCommon.cpp \android_database_SQLiteConnection.cpp \android_database_SQLiteGlobal.cpp \android_database_SQLiteDebug.cpp \android_emoji_EmojiFactory.cpp \android_view_DisplayEventReceiver.cpp \android_view_Surface.cpp \android_view_SurfaceSession.cpp \android_view_TextureView.cpp \android_view_InputChannel.cpp \android_view_InputDevice.cpp \android_view_InputEventReceiver.cpp \android_view_KeyEvent.cpp \android_view_KeyCharacterMap.cpp \android_view_HardwareRenderer.cpp \android_view_GLES20DisplayList.cpp \android_view_GLES20Canvas.cpp \android_view_MotionEvent.cpp \android_view_PointerIcon.cpp \android_view_VelocityTracker.cpp \android_text_AndroidCharacter.cpp \android_text_AndroidBidi.cpp \android_os_Debug.cpp \android_os_FileUtils.cpp \android_os_MemoryFile.cpp \android_os_MessageQueue.cpp \android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor.cpp \android_os_Parcel.cpp \android_os_SELinux.cpp \android_os_SystemClock.cpp \android_os_SystemProperties.cpp \android_os_Trace.cpp \android_os_UEventObserver.cpp \android_net_LocalSocketImpl.cpp \android_net_NetUtils.cpp \android_net_TrafficStats.cpp \android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp \android_nio_utils.cpp \android_text_format_Time.cpp \android_util_AssetManager.cpp \android_util_Binder.cpp \android_util_EventLog.cpp \android_util_Log.cpp \android_util_FloatMath.cpp \android_util_Process.cpp \android_util_StringBlock.cpp \android_util_XmlBlock.cpp \android/graphics/AutoDecodeCancel.cpp \android/graphics/Bitmap.cpp \android/graphics/BitmapFactory.cpp \android/graphics/Camera.cpp \android/graphics/Canvas.cpp \android/graphics/ColorFilter.cpp \android/graphics/DrawFilter.cpp \android/graphics/CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor.cpp \android/graphics/Graphics.cpp \android/graphics/HarfbuzzSkia.cpp \android/graphics/Interpolator.cpp \android/graphics/LayerRasterizer.cpp \android/graphics/MaskFilter.cpp \android/graphics/Matrix.cpp \android/graphics/Movie.cpp \android/graphics/NinePatch.cpp \android/graphics/NinePatchImpl.cpp \android/graphics/NinePatchPeeker.cpp \android/graphics/Paint.cpp \android/graphics/Path.cpp \android/graphics/PathMeasure.cpp \android/graphics/PathEffect.cpp \android_graphics_PixelFormat.cpp \android/graphics/Picture.cpp \android/graphics/PorterDuff.cpp \android/graphics/BitmapRegionDecoder.cpp \android/graphics/Rasterizer.cpp \android/graphics/Region.cpp \android/graphics/Shader.cpp \android/graphics/SurfaceTexture.cpp \android/graphics/TextLayout.cpp \android/graphics/TextLayoutCache.cpp \android/graphics/Typeface.cpp \android/graphics/Utils.cpp \android/graphics/Xfermode.cpp \android/graphics/YuvToJpegEncoder.cpp \android_media_AudioRecord.cpp \android_media_AudioSystem.cpp \android_media_AudioTrack.cpp \android_media_JetPlayer.cpp \android_media_RemoteDisplay.cpp \android_media_ToneGenerator.cpp \android_hardware_Camera.cpp \android_hardware_SensorManager.cpp \android_hardware_SerialPort.cpp \android_hardware_UsbDevice.cpp \android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection.cpp \android_hardware_UsbRequest.cpp \android_debug_JNITest.cpp \android_util_FileObserver.cpp \android/opengl/poly_clip.cpp.arm \android/opengl/util.cpp.arm \android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger.cpp \android_server_Watchdog.cpp \android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap.cpp \com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit.cpp \android_backup_BackupDataInput.cpp \android_backup_BackupDataOutput.cpp \android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase.cpp \android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher.cpp \android_app_backup_FullBackup.cpp \android_content_res_ObbScanner.cpp \android_content_res_Configuration.cpp \android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder.cpp
編譯的共享庫為:LOCAL_MODULE:= libandroid_runtime
ifeq ($(HAVE_SELINUX),true)
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += external/libselinux/include
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libselinux
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_SELINUX
endif # HAVE_SELINUXifeq ($(USE_OPENGL_RENDERER),true)LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libhwui
endifLOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \libdl
# we need to access the private Bionic header
# <bionic_tls.h> in com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl.cpp
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -I$(LOCAL_PATH)/../../../../bionic/libc/privateLOCAL_LDLIBS += -lpthread -ldlifeq ($(WITH_MALLOC_LEAK_CHECK),true)LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DMALLOC_LEAK_CHECK
endifLOCAL_MODULE:= libandroid_runtimeinclude $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
而共享庫LOCAL_MODULE:= libandroid_runtime又被編譯到另一個共享庫:LOCAL_MODULE:= libandroid_servers
frameworks\base\services\jni:
LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \com_android_server_AlarmManagerService.cpp \com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp \com_android_server_input_InputApplicationHandle.cpp \com_android_server_input_InputManagerService.cpp \com_android_server_input_InputWindowHandle.cpp \com_android_server_LightsService.cpp \com_android_server_power_PowerManagerService.cpp \com_android_server_SerialService.cpp \com_android_server_SystemServer.cpp \com_android_server_UsbDeviceManager.cpp \com_android_server_UsbHostManager.cpp \com_android_server_VibratorService.cpp \com_android_server_location_GpsLocationProvider.cpp \com_android_server_connectivity_Vpn.cpp \onload.cppLOCAL_C_INCLUDES += \$(JNI_H_INCLUDE) \frameworks/base/services \frameworks/base/core/jni \external/skia/include/core \libcore/include \libcore/include/libsuspend \$(call include-path-for, libhardware)/hardware \$(call include-path-for, libhardware_legacy)/hardware_legacy \LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \libandroid_runtime \libandroidfw \libcutils \libhardware \libhardware_legacy \libnativehelper \libsystem_server \libutils \libui \libinput \libskia \libgui \libusbhost \libsuspendifeq ($(WITH_MALLOC_LEAK_CHECK),true)LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DMALLOC_LEAK_CHECK
endifLOCAL_MODULE:= libandroid_serversinclude $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
那就看共享庫libandroid_servers是在那里加載的吧!
frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server
public static void main(String[] args) {if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {// If a device's clock is before 1970 (before 0), a lot of// APIs crash dealing with negative numbers, notably// java.io.File#setLastModified, so instead we fake it and// hope that time from cell towers or NTP fixes it// shortly.Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);}if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) {SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();timer = new Timer();timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Overridepublic void run() {SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null);}}, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL);}// Mmmmmm... more memory!dalvik.system.VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();// The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be// as efficient as possible with its memory usage.VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);System.loadLibrary("android_servers");init1(args);}
現在知道Log的JNI實現流程了吧?!!!
9、總結
JNI是Android開發中的一個重要工具,提供了Java代碼與本地代碼之間的橋梁。通過JNI,開發者可以在Java代碼中調用高效的本地代碼,訪問特定硬件功能,以及重用現有的C/C++庫。理解JNI的工作原理和使用方法,對于開發高性能、功能豐富的Android應用至關重要。
JNI(Java Native Interface)是Java平臺的重要組成部分,允許Java代碼與本地(通常是C/C++)代碼進行互操作。在Android開發中,JNI廣泛應用于性能優化、硬件訪問以及重用現有的本地庫。以下是關于JNI使用的總結,包括其優缺點、使用場景、開發步驟、注意事項以及最佳實踐。
Android日志系統從應用程序層到JNI層、本地層、Logd守護進程,再到Logcat工具,形成了一個完整的日志記錄與查看的流程。通過分析各個層級的代碼實現,可以更深入地理解日志系統的設計和工作原理。這些組件緊密協作,提供了一個高效、可靠的日志記錄和查看機制,幫助開發者調試和監控應用程序。
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