創建了新的虛擬磁盤10T , 掛載后分區格式化
一.fdisk無法創建大容量的分區
Fileserver:~ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
The size of this disk is 9.8 TiB (10737418240000 bytes). DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes larger than 2199023255040 bytes for 512-byte sectors. Use GUID partition table format (GPT).
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0506ad6d.
Command (m for help): m

Help:
? DOS (MBR)
? ?a ? toggle a bootable flag
? ?b ? edit nested BSD disklabel
? ?c ? toggle the dos compatibility flag
? Generic
? ?d ? delete a partition
? ?F ? list free unpartitioned space
? ?l ? list known partition types
? ?n ? add a new partition
? ?p ? print the partition table
? ?t ? change a partition type
? ?v ? verify the partition table
? ?i ? print information about a partition
? Misc
? ?m ? print this menu
? ?u ? change display/entry units
? ?x ? extra functionality (experts only)
? Script
? ?I ? load disk layout from sfdisk script file
? ?O ? dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
? Save & Exit
? ?w ? write table to disk and exit
? ?q ? quit without saving changes

? Create a new label
? ?g ? create a new empty GPT partition table
? ?G ? create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
? ?o ? create a new empty DOS partition table
? ?s ? create a new empty Sun partition table

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 9.8 TiB, 10737418240000 bytes, 20971520000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0506ad6d

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
? ?p ? primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
? ?e ? extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):?
First sector (2048-4294967295, default 2048):?
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-4294967294, default 4294967294):?

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 TiB.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 9.8 TiB, 10737418240000 bytes, 20971520000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0506ad6d

Device ? ? Boot Start ? ? ? ?End ? ?Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ?2048 4294967294 4294965247 ? 2T 83 Linux

看起來只能創建2T的分區。
Command (m for help): q

二.使用Parted進行分區。

Fileserver:~ # parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
? align-check TYPE N ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
? help [COMMAND] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? print general help, or help on COMMAND
? mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? create a new disklabel (partition table)
? mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END ? ? make a partition
? name NUMBER NAME ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? name partition NUMBER as NAME
? print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] ? ? display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
? quit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? exit program
? rescue START END ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? rescue a lost partition near START and END
? resize NUMBER END ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?change end sector of partition NUMBER
? rm NUMBER ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?delete partition NUMBER
? select DEVICE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?choose the device to edit
? disk_set FLAG STATE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?change the FLAG on selected device
? disk_toggle [FLAG] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
? set NUMBER FLAG STATE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
? toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
? unit UNIT ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?set the default unit to UNIT
? version ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) mklabel GPT
(parted) p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:?

Number ?Start ?End ?Size ?File system ?Name ?Flags

(parted) mkpart ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
Partition name? ?[]? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
File system type? ?[ext2]? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Start? 0.000 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
End? 9000000? ? ?先劃9000G練手? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:?

Number ?Start ? End ? ? Size ? ?File system ?Name ?Flags
?1 ? ? ?17.4kB ?9000GB ?9000GB

(parted) quit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

三.查看分區結果
Fileserver:~ # fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 9.8 TiB, 10737418240000 bytes, 20971520000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7C734145-C793-4C60-BEB6-60BC58EA2BBA

Device ? ? Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? Sectors ?Size Type
/dev/sdb1 ? ? 34 17578125000 17578124967 ?8.2T Microsoft basic data

四.格式化分區
Fileserver:~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.11 (09-Jul-2014)
/dev/sdb1 alignment is offset by 3072 bytes.
This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested.
Discarding device blocks: done ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Creating filesystem with 2197265620 4k blocks and 274661376 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d9848b2b-09d7-4c4d-95cf-ca5afdf1467a
Superblock backups stored on blocks:?
?? ?32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,?
?? ?4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,?
?? ?102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

Allocating group tables: done ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Writing inode tables: done ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: ??

五.擴容分區
Fileserver:~ # lsblk
NAME ? MAJ:MIN RM ?SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb ? ? ?8:16 ? 0 ?9.8T ?0 disk?
└─sdb1 ? 8:17 ? 0 ?8.2T ?0 part?

Fileserver:~ # parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:?

Number ?Start ? End ? ? Size ? ?File system ?Name ?Flags
?1 ? ? ?17.4kB ?9000GB ?9000GB ?ext4

(parted) rm 1 ? ? ? ? ?#刪除 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
(parted) p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:?

Number ?Start ?End ?Size ?File system ?Name ?Flags

(parted) mkpart opt 0.000 10000000 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?#創建 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
(parted) p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:?

Number ?Start ? End ? ? Size ? ? File system ?Name ?Flags
?1 ? ? ?17.4kB ?10.0TB ?10000GB ?ext4 ? ? ? ? opt

(parted) q ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

Fileserver:~ # e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?#檢查
e2fsck 1.42.11 (09-Jul-2014)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdb1: 11/274661376 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 17356797/2197265620 blocks
Fileserver:~ # resize2fs /dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #擴展分區大小
resize2fs 1.42.11 (09-Jul-2014)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdb1 to 2441406245 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is now 2441406245 blocks long.

Fileserver:~ # lsblk
NAME ? MAJ:MIN RM ?SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb ? ? ?8:16 ? 0 ?9.8T ?0 disk?
└─sdb1 ? 8:17 ? 0 ?9.1T ?0 part?

六.加入/etc/fstab自動掛載
Fileserver:~ # blkid? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看UUID
/dev/sda1: UUID="b73fc08c-5be7-4e57-8f96-95910dc78724" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="000b0496-01"
/dev/sda2: UUID="2d34979e-fcfb-4966-b11b-7a76506c4850" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="000b0496-02"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d9848b2b-09d7-4c4d-95cf-ca5afdf1467a" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="opt" PARTUUID="9905a1e8-428b-45f8-9677-612b78fbe416"
Fileserver:~ ?# echo "UUID=d9848b2b-09d7-4c4d-95cf-ca5afdf1467a /app/files ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab