MariaDB介紹和MariaDB包安裝

文章目錄

  • MariaDB介紹和安裝
  • 1.MariaDB介紹
    • 1.1 起源與背景
    • 1.2 核心特性
      • 1.2.1 高度兼容 MySQL
      • 1.2.2 優化的存儲引擎
      • 1.2.3 企業級功能增強
      • 1.2.4 性能優化
      • 1.2.5 安全增強
    • 1.3 社區與生態
    • 1.4 應用場景
    • 1.5 總結
  • 2.MariaDB安裝
    • 2.1 主機初始化
      • 2.1.1 設置網卡名
      • 2.1.2 設置ip地址
      • 2.1.3 配置鏡像源
      • 2.1.4 關閉防火墻
      • 2.1.5 禁用SELinux
      • 2.1.6 禁用AppArmor
      • 2.1.7 設置時區
    • 2.2 包安裝
      • 2.2.1 系統自帶包安裝MariaDB
        • 2.2.1.1 Yum資源庫安裝MariaDB
        • 2.2.1.2 Apt資源庫安裝MariaDB
        • 2.2.1.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MariaDB
      • 2.2.2 添加MariaDB官方資源庫
        • 2.2.2.1 Yum資源庫安裝MariaDB
        • 2.2.2.2 Apt資源庫安裝MariaDB
        • 2.2.2.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MariaDB

MariaDB介紹和安裝

1.MariaDB介紹

t1

圖1 MariaDB

MariaDB 是一款開源的關系型數據庫管理系統（RDBMS），由 MySQL 的原核心開發團隊（以 Michael Widenius 為首）于 2009 年創建，旨在作為 MySQL 的社區驅動替代方案。其設計目標是在保持與 MySQL 高度兼容的基礎上，通過創新功能和開源生態，提供更靈活、可靠且高性能的數據庫服務。

1.1 起源與背景

2008 年，MySQL 被 Sun 公司收購；2009 年 Sun 又被 Oracle 收購。Oracle 對 MySQL 的商業化策略（如閉源功能、社區參與度下降）引發了原 MySQL 社區和開發者的擔憂。為避免 MySQL 閉源風險并推動開源生態發展，Michael Widenius 等核心開發者基于 MySQL 代碼分叉，啟動了 MariaDB 項目（名稱源自 Widenius 的女兒 Maria）。
目前，MariaDB 已成為全球最流行的 MySQL 替代方案之一，廣泛應用于企業級場景。

1.2 核心特性

MariaDB 在繼承 MySQL 優點的同時，針對性能、功能和企業需求進行了優化，主要特性包括：

1.2.1 高度兼容 MySQL

MariaDB 完全兼容 MySQL 的數據文件格式、API 接口、SQL 語法和命令行工具（如 mysql 客戶端），現有 MySQL 應用無需修改即可直接遷移到 MariaDB。這一特性極大降低了用戶的遷移成本。

1.2.2 優化的存儲引擎

  • XtraDB：替代 MySQL 的 InnoDB，是 MariaDB 的默認事務引擎，支持更高效的并發控制、更快的崩潰恢復和更完善的監控指標。
  • Aria：替代 MySQL 的 MyISAM，作為非事務引擎，支持崩潰恢復、行級鎖和更快的查詢性能，適用于日志、臨時表等場景。
  • ColumnStore（原 InfiniDB）：面向大數據分析的列式存儲引擎，支持海量數據的快速聚合與分析（OLAP 場景）。
  • Connect：支持直接訪問外部數據源（如 CSV、Excel、其他數據庫），實現跨數據源查詢。

1.2.3 企業級功能增強

  • Galera Cluster：原生支持多主復制的分布式集群方案，提供高可用性（HA）和自動故障轉移，確保業務連續性。
  • 多線程復制：相比 MySQL 的單線程復制，MariaDB 支持按庫、按表或按事務的多線程復制，顯著降低主從延遲。
  • 地理信息系統（GIS）支持：內置更全面的 GIS 函數（如 PostGIS 兼容特性），滿足位置相關應用需求。
  • 動態列（Dynamic Columns）：允許在表中存儲半結構化數據（類似 NoSQL 的靈活模式），無需預定義所有列。

1.2.4 性能優化

MariaDB 針對查詢處理、索引算法（如哈希索引、全文索引）和資源管理（內存、CPU）進行了優化，尤其在 OLTP（在線事務處理）場景下表現優異。例如：

  • 優化的查詢優化器（支持更智能的執行計劃生成）；
  • 支持內存表（MEMORY 引擎）的加密和壓縮；
  • 更高效的大事務處理能力。

1.2.5 安全增強

  • 支持透明數據加密（TDE）、密鑰管理服務（KMS）；
  • 細粒度的權限控制（如角色管理、列級權限）；
  • 增強的審計日志（記錄用戶操作行為）；
  • 支持 SSL/TLS 加密連接。

1.3 社區與生態

MariaDB 采用開放治理模式，由 MariaDB 基金會（MariaDB Foundation）主導社區發展，確保技術決策的透明性和中立性。同時，商業公司（如 MariaDB Corporation）提供企業級支持、技術咨詢和增值服務（如備份工具、監控平臺）。

生態方面，MariaDB 兼容主流的 DevOps 工具（如 Docker、Kubernetes）、云平臺（AWS、Azure、阿里云等）及中間件（如 Hibernate、Spring），并支持與 Hadoop、Spark 等大數據框架集成。

1.4 應用場景

MariaDB 適用于多種場景，尤其適合以下需求：

  • 傳統企業應用：如 ERP、CRM 系統，需高可用、事務一致性的場景；
  • 互聯網服務：高并發的 Web 應用（如電商、社交平臺），依賴其高性能和擴展性；
  • 大數據分析：結合 ColumnStore 引擎處理海量結構化數據；
  • 云原生環境：通過容器化（Docker）和云托管服務（如 AWS RDS for MariaDB）快速部署。

1.5 總結

MariaDB 憑借開源開放、高度兼容 MySQL、企業級功能豐富等優勢，成為 MySQL 用戶遷移或新項目選型的熱門選擇。無論是追求低成本遷移、高性能優化，還是需要分布式集群和高可用方案，MariaDB 都能提供靈活的支持，是當前最活躍的開源關系型數據庫之一。

2.MariaDB安裝

2.1 主機初始化

2.1.1 設置網卡名

  • Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

    • 創建 systemd 鏈接文件： 創建 /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link 文件。

      [root@rocky10 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/
[root@rocky10 ~]# touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link[root@rocky10 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:60:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp3s0inet 172.31.7.16/21 brd 172.31.7.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160valid_lft 1791sec preferred_lft 1791secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:608f/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@rocky10 ~]# cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=00:0c:29:f8:60:8f[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF# 也可以執行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
mkdir /etc/systemd/network/
touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link
cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=${ETHMAC}[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF

    • 修改 NetworkManager 配置文件： 如果使用 NetworkManager 管理網絡，需要修改 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections 下的配置文件。

      [root@rocky10 ~]# mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection[root@rocky10 ~]# sed -i.bak 's/'ens160'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection# 也可以執行下面命令
mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

  • Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10、UOS Server v20：

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打開 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下內容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      執行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引導系統，更新命令為：

      # Rocky
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/rocky/grub.cfg# Almalinux
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux/grub.cfg# CentOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg# openEuler
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/openEuler/grub.cfg# AnolisOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/anolis/grub.cfg# OpenCloudOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/opencloudos/grub.cfg# Kylin Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/kylin/grub.cfg# Uos Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/uos/grub.cfg# UEFI 引導系統可以直接執行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 創建 Udev 規則文件： 創建 /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules 文件，并添加以下內容：

      SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="<網卡MAC地址>", NAME="eth0"

      **注意：**創建Udev這個步驟只在AnolisOS 8上執行。

      將 <網卡MAC地址> 替換為實際網卡的 MAC 地址。

      [root@anolis8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:38:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s1inet 172.31.7.15/21 brd 172.31.7.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33valid_lft 1590sec preferred_lft 1590secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:383b/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@anolis8 ~]# cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:c5:38:3b", NAME="eth0"
EOF# 也可以執行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="${ETHMAC}", NAME="eth0"
EOF

    • 修改網卡配置文件： 創建 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件，并配置網卡參數，例如：

      ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

  • Ubuntu和Debian：

    # Ubuntu和Debian先啟用root用戶，并設置密碼
raymond@ubuntu2404:~$ cat set_root_login.sh 
#!/bin/bashread -p "請輸入密碼: " PASSWORD
echo ${PASSWORD} |sudo -S sed -ri 's@#(PermitRootLogin )prohibit-password@\1yes@' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl restart sshd
sudo -S passwd root <<-EOF
${PASSWORD}
${PASSWORD}
EOFraymond@ubuntu2404:~$ bash set_root_login.sh 
請輸入密碼: 123456
[sudo] password for raymond: New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打開 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下內容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      執行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引導系統，更新命令為：

      # Ubuntu
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg# Debian
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg# UEFI 引導系統可以直接執行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 修改網卡配置文件：

      # Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu Server 22.04  LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
touch /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg <<-EOF
network: {config: disabled}
EOF
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml# Debian
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/network/interfaces

  • 重啟系統：

    reboot

    重啟后，網卡名稱將變為 eth0。

2.1.2 設置ip地址

ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`# IP變量是ip地址，PREFIX變量是子網掩碼位數；GATEWAY變量是網關地址；PRIMARY_DNS變量是主DNS，BACKUP_DNS變量是備用DNS，根據自己的需求修改。
IP=172.31.0.10
PREFIX=21
GATEWAY=172.31.0.2
PRIMARY_DNS=223.5.5.5
BACKUP_DNS=180.76.76.76

Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

cat > /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection <<-EOF
[connection]
id=${ETHNAME}
type=ethernet
interface-name=${ETHNAME}[ipv4]
address1=${IP}/${PREFIX},${GATEWAY}
dns=${PRIMARY_DNS};${BACKUP_DNS};
method=manual
EOF

Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10、UOS Server v20：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
NAME=${ETHNAME}
DEVICE=${ETHNAME}
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Ethernet
IPADDR=${IP}
PREFIX=${PREFIX}
GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}
DNS1=${PRIMARY_DNS}
DNS2=${BACKUP_DNS}
EOF

Ubuntu：

# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF# Ubuntu Server 22.04/24.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]routes:- to: defaultvia: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF

Debian：

sed -ri -e "s/allow-hotplug/auto/g" -e "s/dhcp/static/g" /etc/network/interfaces
sed -i '/static/a\address '${IP}'/'${PREFIX}'\ngateway '${GATEWAY}'\ndns-nameservers '${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'\n' /etc/network/interfaces

openSUSE：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
STARTMODE='auto'
BOOTPROTO='static'
IPADDR='${IP}/${PREFIX}'
EOF
touch /etc/sysconfig/network/routes
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/routes  <<-EOF
default ${GATEWAY} - -
EOF
sed -ri  's/(NETCONFIG_DNS_STATIC_SERVERS=).*/\1"'${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'"/g' /etc/sysconfig/network/config

2.1.3 配置鏡像源

Rocky：

# 阿里云鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux，火山引擎鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.volces.com/rockylinux，后面地址是rockylinux，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rockylinux|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 搜狐鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址是：mirrors.sohu.com/Rocky，后面地址是Rocky，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.sohu.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/Rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 其余鏡像站Rocky系統鏡像源地址后面地址都是rocky，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

Almalinux：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^# baseurl=https://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo

CentOS Stream 9和10：

cat update_mirror.pl
#!/usr/bin/perluse strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;# 要修改鏡像源，請去修改url變量！
my $url = 'mirrors.aliyun.com';
my $mirrors = "https://$url/centos-stream";if (@ARGV < 1) {die "Usage: $0 <filename1> <filename2> ...\n";
}while (my $filename = shift @ARGV) {my $backup_filename = $filename . '.bak';rename $filename, $backup_filename;open my $input, "<", $backup_filename;open my $output, ">", $filename;while (<$input>) {s/^metalink/# metalink/;if (m/^name/) {my (undef, $repo, $arch) = split /-/;$repo =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;($arch = defined $arch ? lc($arch) : '') =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;if ($repo =~ /^Extras/) {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/SIGs/\$releasever-stream/extras" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/${arch}/" : "/\$basearch/") . "extras-common\n";} else {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/\$releasever-stream/$repo" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/" : "/\$basearch/") . ($arch ne '' ? "${arch}/tree/" : "os") . "\n";}}print $output $_;}
}rpm -q perl &> /dev/null || { echo -e "\\033[01;31m "安裝perl工具,請稍等..."\033[0m";yum -y install perl ; }perl ./update_mirror.pl /etc/yum.repos.d/centos*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS Stream 8：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS 7：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION=`cat /etc/centos-release | sed -rn 's/^(CentOS Linux release )(.*)( \(Core\))/\2/p'`
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' -e "s/\$releasever/${OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION}/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repoyum clean all && yum makecache

Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -ri "s@^(URIs: )(http.*://)(.*)(/ubuntu).?@\1https://${MIRROR}\4@g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sourcesapt update

Ubuntu Server 18.04/20.04/22.04 LTS：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu.* $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -i.bak -e 's@http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' -e 's@http.*://'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

Debian：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian-security $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -ri.bak -e 's/'${OLD_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/^(deb cdrom.*)/#\1/g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

openEuler：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/openeuler|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

AnolisOS:

OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo | head -1)# 中國科學院軟件研究所鏡像站AnolisOS系統鏡像源地址是：mirror.iscas.ac.cn/openanolis，后面地址是openanolis，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirror.iscas.ac.cn
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/openanolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo# 其余鏡像站AnolisOS系統鏡像源地址后面地址都是anolis，使用下面命令執行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/anolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

OpenCloudOS：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

openSUSE:

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/opensuse|g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repozypper clean && zypper refresh

2.1.4 關閉防火墻

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、openSUSE、Kylin Server、UOS Server
systemctl disable --now firewalld# CentOS 7還要執行下面命令
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager# Ubuntu
systemctl disable --now ufw# Debian默認沒有安裝防火墻，不用設置

2.1.5 禁用SELinux

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、UOS Server
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config# Ubuntu、Debian和openSUSE默認沒有安裝SELinux，不用設置

2.1.6 禁用AppArmor

# openSUSE發行版默認不啟用SELinux，而是使用AppArmor來提供強制訪問控制（MAC）功能，需要禁用AppArmor。
systemctl disable --now apparmor

2.1.7 設置時區

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone# Ubuntu還要設置下面內容
cat >> /etc/default/locale <<-EOF
LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
EOF

2.2 包安裝

2.2.1 系統自帶包安裝MariaDB

2.2.1.1 Yum資源庫安裝MariaDB

在Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、UOS Server上安裝MariaDB：

[root@rocky10 ~]# yum list mariadb-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:25 ago on Fri 08 Aug 2025 01:13:14 PM CST.
Available Packages
mariadb-server.x86_64                                 3:10.11.11-1.el10                                 appstream[root@rocky10 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb[root@rocky10 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql
aria_log.00000001  ddl_recovery.log  ibdata1      ibtmp1             mysql       mysql_upgrade_info  sys
aria_log_control   ib_buffer_pool    ib_logfile0  multi-master.info  mysql.sock  performance_schema[root@rocky10 ~]# mariadb -V
mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-08-08 13:28:01 CST; 1min 11s agoInvocation: 3d54eb415ece4dcebce26a9b4e05034eDocs: man:mariadbd(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Process: 1619 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 1642 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir mariadb.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES>Process: 1750 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-check-upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1737 (mariadbd)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 8 (limit: 10481)Memory: 206.2M (peak: 231.3M)CPU: 889msCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─1737 /usr/libexec/mariadbd --basedir=/usrAug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: After connecting you can set the password, if you would ne>
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: able to connect as any of these users with a password and >
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kb
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: Please report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jira
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at https>
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1681]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 (mariadbd)[1737]: mariadb.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates t>
Aug 08 13:28:01 rocky10 systemd[1]: Started mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11 database server.[root@rocky10 ~]# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	latin1
Db     characterset:	latin1
Client characterset:	utf8mb3
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb3
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			1 min 44 secThreads: 1  Questions: 4  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.038
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
2.2.1.2 Apt資源庫安裝MariaDB

在Ubuntu和Debian上安裝MariaDB：

root@ubuntu2404:~# apt-cache madison mariadb-server
mariadb-server | 1:10.11.13-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages
mariadb-server | 1:10.11.13-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages
mariadb-server | 1:10.11.7-2ubuntu2 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packagesroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt -y install mariadb-serverroot@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl enable --now mariadbroot@ubuntu2404:~# ls /var/lib/mysql
aria_log.00000001  ddl_recovery.log   ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile0  multi-master.info  mysql_upgrade_info  sys
aria_log_control   debian-10.11.flag  ibdata1         ibtmp1       mysql              performance_schemaroot@ubuntu2404:~# mariadb -V
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.13-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperroot@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.13 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-08-08 15:43:17 CST; 3min 43s agoDocs: man:mariadbd(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Main PID: 1949 (mariadbd)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 10 (limit: 14588)Memory: 78.9M (peak: 82.0M)CPU: 554msCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─1949 /usr/sbin/mariadbdAug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 45502; trans>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --e>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: 2025-08-08 15:43:17 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connection>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[1949]: Version: '10.11.13-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.24.04.1'  socket: '/run/mysqld/my>
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Started mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.13 database server.
Aug 08 15:43:17 ubuntu2404 /etc/mysql/debian-start[1967]: Upgrading MariaDB tables if necessary.root@ubuntu2404:~# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 31
Server version: 10.11.13-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 Ubuntu 24.04Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.13-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		31
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		10.11.13-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 Ubuntu 24.04
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb3
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb3
UNIX socket:		/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime:			4 min 13 secThreads: 1  Questions: 61  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 33  Open tables: 26  Queries per second avg: 0.241
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
2.2.1.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MariaDB

在openSUSE上安裝MariaDB：

opensuse15:~ # zypper search "mariadb"
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...S | Name                     | Summary                                                             | Type
--+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------| libmariadb-devel         | Development files for the MariaDB Connector C API                   | package| libmariadb3              | MariaDB connector in C                                              | package| libmariadb3-32bit        | MariaDB connector in C                                              | package| libmariadb_plugins       | Plugins for the MariaDB C Connector                                 | package| libmariadbd-devel        | MariaDB embedded server development files                           | package| libmariadbd19            | MariaDB embedded server library                                     | package| libmariadbd104-devel     | MariaDB embedded server development files                           | package| libmariadbprivate        | Additional internal libraries for the MariaDB C Connector           | package| mariadb                  | Server part of MariaDB                                              | package| mariadb                  | Server part of MariaDB                                              | srcpackage| mariadb-bench            | Benchmarks for MariaDB                                              | package| mariadb-client           | Client for MariaDB                                                  | package| mariadb-connector-odbc   | MariaDB ODBC Connector                                              | package| mariadb-errormessages    | The error messages files required by server, client and libmariadbd | package| mariadb-galera           | The configuration files and scripts for galera replication          | package| mariadb-rpm-macros       | MariaDB RPM macros                                                  | package| mariadb-test             | Testsuite for MariaDB                                               | package| mariadb-tools            | MariaDB tools                                                       | package| mariadb104               | Server part of MariaDB                                              | srcpackage| mariadb104               | Server part of MariaDB                                              | package| mariadb104-bench         | Benchmarks for MariaDB                                              | package| mariadb104-client        | Client for MariaDB                                                  | package| mariadb104-errormessages | The error messages files required by server, client and libmariadbd | package| mariadb104-galera        | The configuration files and scripts for galera replication          | package| mariadb104-rpm-macros    | MariaDB RPM macros                                                  | package| mariadb104-test          | Testsuite for MariaDB                                               | package| mariadb104-tools         | MariaDB tools                                                       | packageopensuse15:~ # zypper info mariadb
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...Information for package mariadb:
--------------------------------
Repository     : Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
Name           : mariadb
Version        : 10.11.11-150600.4.10.1
Arch           : x86_64
Vendor         : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/>
Installed Size : 158.8 MiB
Installed      : No
Status         : not installed
Source package : mariadb-10.11.11-150600.4.10.1.src
Upstream URL   : https://www.mariadb.org
Summary        : Server part of MariaDB
Description    : MariaDB is an open-source, multi-threaded, relational database managementsystem. It's a backward compatible, drop-in replacement branch of theMySQL Community Server.This package only contains the server-side programs.opensuse15:~ # zypper install -y mariadbopensuse15:~ # systemctl enable --now mariadbopensuse15:~ # ls /var/lib/mysql
aria_log.00000001  ib_buffer_pool  ibtmp1             mysql_upgrade_info  sys
aria_log_control   ib_logfile0     multi-master.info  opensuse15.pid      test
ddl_recovery.log   ibdata1         mysql              performance_schemaopensuse15:~ # mariadb -V
mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperopensuse15:~ # systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sun 2025-08-17 14:25:20 CST; 43s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Process: 13918 ExecStartPre=/usr/lib/mysql/mysql-systemd-helper install (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 13968 ExecStartPre=/usr/lib/mysql/mysql-systemd-helper upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 13975 (mysqld)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 10 (limit: 2250)CPU: 1.067sCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─13975 /usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --socket=/run/mysql/mysql.sockAug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: The second is mysql@localhost, it has no password either>
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: After connecting you can set the password, if you would >
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: able to connect as any of these users with a password an>
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kb
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: Please report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jira
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at htt>
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
Aug 17 14:25:19 opensuse15 mysql-systemd-helper[13924]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
Aug 17 14:25:20 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.opensuse15:~ # mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB packageCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB package
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb3
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb3
UNIX socket:		/run/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			1 min 7 secThreads: 1  Questions: 4  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.059
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               | # 有test數據庫
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------+
| User        | Host       |
+-------------+------------+
| PUBLIC      |            |
|             | localhost  | # 有匿名用戶 
| mariadb.sys | localhost  |
| mysql       | localhost  |
| root        | localhost  |
|             | opensuse15 | # 有遠程登錄用戶
+-------------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye# 有test數據庫、匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶，需要安全初始化
opensuse15:~ # mariadb-secure-installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 輸入 root 的當前密碼（不輸入），直接敲回車
OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y # 輸入y，切換到 unix_socket 身份驗證
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Change the root password? [Y/n] n # 輸入n，不設置root密碼... skipping.By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除匿名賬戶... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，禁止 root 遠程登錄... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除測試庫- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，重新加載權限表... Success!Cleaning up...All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!opensuse15:~ # mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB packageCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.11.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		14
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		10.11.11-MariaDB MariaDB package
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb3
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb3
UNIX socket:		/run/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			2 min 34 secThreads: 1  Questions: 30  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 21  Open tables: 14  Queries per second avg: 0.194
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)
# 沒有test數據庫MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User        | Host      |
+-------------+-----------+
| PUBLIC      |           |
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql       | localhost |
| root        | localhost |
+-------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
# 沒有匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

2.2.2 添加MariaDB官方資源庫

2.2.2.1 Yum資源庫安裝MariaDB

添加官方資源庫，去“https://mariadb.org”網站下載，選擇“Download”。

t2

圖2 MariaDB首頁

在打開的網頁，在“MariaDB Server Repositories”下面選擇“Choose a distribution為：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9”，選擇“Choose a MariaDB Server version為：11.8”，選擇“Mirror為：清華大學 TUNA 協會 (Tsinghua University TUNA Association)”，然后根據下面提示操作。

t3

圖3 MariaDB添加資源庫

[root@rocky9 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo <<EOF
# MariaDB 11.8 RedHatEnterpriseLinux repository list - created 2025-08-17 02:34 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
# rpm.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details.
# baseurl = https://rpm.mariadb.org/11.8/rhel/$releasever/$basearch
baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/11.8/rhel/\$releasever/\$basearch
# gpgkey = https://rpm.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgkey = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck = 1
EOF[root@rocky9 ~]# dnf install -y MariaDB-server[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb[root@rocky9 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/
aria_log.00000001  ib_buffer_pool  ibtmp1                mysql               rocky9.pid  test     undo003
aria_log_control   ibdata1         mariadb_upgrade_info  mysql.sock          sys         undo001
ddl_recovery.log   ib_logfile0     multi-master.info     performance_schema  tc.log      undo002[root@rocky9 ~]# mariadb -V
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.8.3 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d└─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.confActive: active (running) since Sun 2025-08-17 10:36:26 CST; 1min 17s agoDocs: man:mariadbd(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Process: 12291 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_r>Process: 12308 ExecStartPost=/bin/rm -f /var/lib/mysql/wsrep-start-position (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 12298 (mariadbd)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 8 (limit: 13443)Memory: 126.7MCPU: 563msCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─12298 /usr/sbin/mariadbdAug 17 10:36:25 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:25 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/li>
Aug 17 10:36:25 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:25 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Aug 17 10:36:25 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:25 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled.
Aug 17 10:36:25 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:25 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 25>
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:26 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0', por>
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:26 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::', port: '3>
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:26 0 [Note] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: 2025-08-17 10:36:26 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connections.
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 mariadbd[12298]: Version: '11.8.3-MariaDB'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 33>
Aug 17 10:36:26 rocky9 systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 11.8.3 database server.[root@rocky9 ~]# mariadb
mysql: Deprecated program name. It will be removed in a future release, use '/usr/bin/mariadb' instead
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mysql from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, cert is OK
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			1 min 45 secThreads: 1  Questions: 4  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.038
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               | # 有test數據庫
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User        | Host      |
+-------------+-----------+
| PUBLIC      |           |
|             | localhost | # 有匿名用戶 
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql       | localhost |
| root        | localhost |
|             | rocky9    | # 有遠程登錄用戶
+-------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye# 有test數據庫、匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶，需要安全初始化
[root@rocky9 ~]# mariadb-secure-installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 輸入 root 的當前密碼（不輸入），直接敲回車
OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y # 輸入y，切換到 unix_socket 身份驗證
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Change the root password? [Y/n] n # 輸入n，不設置root密碼... skipping.By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除匿名賬戶... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，禁止 root 遠程登錄... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除測試庫- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，重新加載權限表... Success!Cleaning up...All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB![root@rocky9 ~]# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		14
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, cert is OK
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			7 min 59 secThreads: 1  Questions: 30  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 18  Open tables: 11  Queries per second avg: 0.062
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
# 沒有test數據庫MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User        | Host      |
+-------------+-----------+
| PUBLIC      |           |
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql       | localhost |
| root        | localhost |
+-------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
# 沒有匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
2.2.2.2 Apt資源庫安裝MariaDB

添加官方資源庫，去“https://mariadb.org”網站下載，選擇“Download”。

t4

圖4 MariaDB首頁

在打開的網頁，在“MariaDB Server Repositories”下面選擇“Choose a distribution為：24.04 “noble””，選擇“Choose a MariaDB Server version為：11.8”，選擇“Mirror為：清華大學 TUNA 協會 (Tsinghua University TUNA Association)”，然后根據下面提示操作。

t5

圖5 MariaDB添加資源庫

apt install -y apt-transport-https curl
mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -o /etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.pgp'cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.sources <<EOF
# MariaDB 11.8 repository list - created 2025-08-17 03:03 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
X-Repolib-Name: MariaDB
Types: deb
# deb.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details.
# URIs: https://deb.mariadb.org/11.8/ubuntu
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/11.8/ubuntu
Suites: noble
Components: main main/debug
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp
EOFroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt updateroot@ubuntu2404:~# apt install -y mariadb-serverroot@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl enable --now mariadbroot@ubuntu2404:~# ls /var/lib/mysql/
aria_log.00000001  debian-11.8.flag  ib_logfile0           multi-master.info   sys      undo002
aria_log_control   ib_buffer_pool    ibtmp1                mysql               tc.log   undo003
ddl_recovery.log   ibdata1           mariadb_upgrade_info  performance_schema  undo001root@ubuntu2404:~# mariadb -V
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperroot@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.8.3 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d└─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.confActive: active (running) since Sun 2025-08-17 12:21:22 CST; 1min 1s agoDocs: man:mariadbd(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Main PID: 2588 (mariadbd)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 10 (limit: 14588)Memory: 93.0M (peak: 97.2M)CPU: 2.489sCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─2588 /usr/sbin/mariadbdAug 17 12:21:21 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:21 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Aug 17 12:21:21 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:21 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var>
Aug 17 12:21:21 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:21 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled.
Aug 17 12:21:21 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:21 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at>
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:22 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'>
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:22 0 [Note] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 even>
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: 2025-08-17 12:21:22 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connection>
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 mariadbd[2588]: Version: '11.8.3-MariaDB-ubu2404'  socket: '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' >
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Started mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.8.3 database server.
Aug 17 12:21:22 ubuntu2404 /etc/mysql/debian-start[2621]: Triggering myisam-recover for all MyISAM tables and ar>root@ubuntu2404:~# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 31
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB-ubu2404 mariadb.org binary distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:		31
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, cert is OK
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		11.8.3-MariaDB-ubu2404 mariadb.org binary distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime:			1 min 26 secThreads: 1  Questions: 61  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 33  Open tables: 26  Queries per second avg: 0.709
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]>  select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User        | Host      |
+-------------+-----------+
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql       | localhost |
| root        | localhost |
+-------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
2.2.2.3 SUSE資源庫安裝MariaDB

添加官方資源庫，去“https://mariadb.org”網站下載，選擇“Download”。

t6

圖6 MariaDB首頁

在打開的網頁，在“MariaDB Server Repositories”下面選擇“Choose a distribution為：24.04 “noble””，選擇“Choose a MariaDB Server version為：11.8”，選擇“Mirror為：清華大學 TUNA 協會 (Tsinghua University TUNA Association)”，然后根據下面提示操作。

t7

圖7 MariaDB添加資源庫

rpm --import https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
zypper addrepo --gpgcheck --refresh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/11.8/sles/\$releasever/\$basearch mariadb
zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refreshopensuse15:~ # zypper install -y MariaDB-serveropensuse15:~ # systemctl enable --now mariadbopensuse15:~ # ls /var/lib/mysql/
aria_log.00000001  ib_buffer_pool  ibtmp1                mysql           performance_schema  test     undo003
aria_log_control   ib_logfile0     mariadb_upgrade_info  mysql.sock      sys                 undo001
ddl_recovery.log   ibdata1         multi-master.info     opensuse15.pid  tc.log              undo002opensuse15:~ # mariadb -V
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1opensuse15:~ # systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.8.3 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d└─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.confActive: active (running) since Sun 2025-08-17 12:44:32 CST; 51s agoDocs: man:mariadbd(8)https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/Process: 14079 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_r>Process: 14099 ExecStartPost=/bin/rm -f /var/lib/mysql/wsrep-start-position (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 14087 (mariadbd)Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."Tasks: 11 (limit: 14850)CPU: 687msCGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service└─14087 /usr/sbin/mariadbdAug 17 12:44:31 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:31 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Aug 17 12:44:31 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:31 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled.
Aug 17 12:44:31 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:31 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /va>
Aug 17 12:44:31 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:31 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed a>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:32 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0',>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:32 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::', port>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:32 0 [Note] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 eve>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: 2025-08-17 12:44:32 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connectio>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 mariadbd[14087]: Version: '11.8.3-MariaDB'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port>
Aug 17 12:44:32 opensuse15 systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 11.8.3 database server.opensuse15:~ # mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1Connection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, cert is OK
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			1 min 16 secThreads: 1  Questions: 4  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.052
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               | # 有test數據庫
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------+
| User        | Host       |
+-------------+------------+
| PUBLIC      |            |
|             | localhost  | # 有匿名用戶 
| mariadb.sys | localhost  |
| mysql       | localhost  |
| root        | localhost  |
|             | opensuse15 | # 有遠程登錄用戶 
+-------------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye# 有test數據庫、匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶，需要安全初始化
opensuse15:~ # mariadb-secure-installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none):  # 輸入 root 的當前密碼（不輸入），直接敲回車
OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y # 輸入y，切換到 unix_socket 身份驗證
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Change the root password? [Y/n] n # 輸入n，不設置root密碼... skipping.By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除匿名賬戶... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，禁止 root 遠程登錄... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，移除測試庫- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y # 輸入y，重新加載權限表... Success!Cleaning up...All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!opensuse15:~ # mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
mariadb from 11.8.3-MariaDB, client 15.2 for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1Connection id:		14
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, cert is OK
Current pager:		less
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			2 min 35 secThreads: 1  Questions: 30  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 18  Open tables: 11  Queries per second avg: 0.193
--------------MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)
# 沒有test數據庫MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User        | Host      |
+-------------+-----------+
| PUBLIC      |           |
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql       | localhost |
| root        | localhost |
+-------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
# 沒有匿名用戶和遠程登錄用戶MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

本文來自互聯網用戶投稿，該文觀點僅代表作者本人，不代表本站立場。本站僅提供信息存儲空間服務，不擁有所有權，不承擔相關法律責任。
如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.pswp.cn/news/922466.shtml
繁體地址，請注明出處：http://hk.pswp.cn/news/922466.shtml
英文地址，請注明出處：http://en.pswp.cn/news/922466.shtml

如若內容造成侵權/違法違規/事實不符，請聯系多彩編程網進行投訴反饋email:809451989@qq.com，一經查實，立即刪除！

相關文章

雙指針與滑動窗口算法精講：從原理到高頻面試題實戰

雙指針與滑動窗口算法精講：從原理到高頻面試題實戰

引言&#xff1a;算法選擇的十字路口 在算法面試中&#xff0c;雙指針和滑動窗口如同兩把瑞士軍刀&#xff0c;能高效解決80%以上的數組和字符串問題。本文將深入解析這兩種技術的核心差異&#xff0c;結合力扣高頻題目&#xff0c;提供可直接復用的代碼。 一、算法核心思想解析…
閱讀更多...
蘋果MAC、MacBook air和pro安裝windows雙系統與iOS分發

蘋果MAC、MacBook air和pro安裝windows雙系統與iOS分發

文章目錄1. main1.1 準備工作1.2 啟動轉換助理1.3 Windows安裝1.4 蘋果電腦安裝Windows雙系統切換2. 蘋果(iOS)分發/上架2.1 上架App Store2.2 上架TestFlight2.3 webClip免簽上架2.4 超級簽名2.5 企業證書2.6 app分發系統Reference1. main 蘋果電腦安裝windows雙系統 https:…
閱讀更多...
ArcGIS定向影像(1)——非傳統影像輕量級解決方案

ArcGIS定向影像(1)——非傳統影像輕量級解決方案

常常聽到這樣的需求&#xff0c;ArcGIS能讓用戶自己低成本的做出谷歌街景嗎&#xff1f;現在 _ArcGIS Pro 3.2 和 ArcGIS Enterprise 11.2 _能夠讓用戶不使用任何插件和擴展的情況下完成街景數據集的構建&#xff0c;數據管理&#xff0c;發布服務和調用的完整解決方案。非常體…
閱讀更多...
uni-app 網絡之封裝實戰HTTP請求框架

uni-app 網絡之封裝實戰HTTP請求框架

前言在uniapp開發中&#xff0c;網絡請求是每個應用都必不可少的功能模塊。一個優秀的網絡請求封裝不僅能提高開發效率&#xff0c;還能增強代碼的可維護性和可擴展性。本文將基于實際項目經驗&#xff0c;詳細介紹如何封裝一個高效、可維護的Uniapp網絡請求框架&#xff0c;并…
閱讀更多...
架構師成長之路-架構方法論

架構師成長之路-架構方法論

文章目錄前言一、先搞懂&#xff1a;架構師不僅僅是“技術大佬”&#xff0c;更是“問題解決者”1.1 架構師的分類&#xff1a;不止“開發架構師”一種1.2 架構師要關注什么&#xff1f;別只盯著技術1.3 架構師解決問題的4步心法&#xff1a;從定義到落地1.4 架構師的成長攻略&…
閱讀更多...
uniapp在微信小程序中實現 SSE 流式響應

uniapp在微信小程序中實現 SSE 流式響應

前言 最近需要使用uniapp開發一個智能對話頁面&#xff0c;其中就需要使用SSE進行通信。 本文介紹下在uniapp中如何基于uni.request實現SSE流式處理。 在線體驗 #小程序:yinuosnowball SSE傳輸格式 返回輸出的流式塊: Content-Type為text/event-stream 每個流式塊均為 d…
閱讀更多...
STM32N6AI資料匯總

STM32N6AI資料匯總

文章目錄前言一、STM32N6硬件資源1.1 NUCLEO-N657X0-Q1.2 STM32N6570-DK1.3 正點原子STM32N647二、STM32N6軟件資源2.1 STM32CubeN6例程資源包2.2 STM32圖像信號處理器&#xff08;ISP&#xff09;調優軟件2.3 正點原子N6開發板配套軟件三、AI軟件資源3.1 STM32N6 AI軟件包總結…
閱讀更多...
Flask學習筆記(一)

Flask學習筆記(一)

1、環境準備pip install Flask使用Flask開發第1個入門程序&#xff1a;from flask import Flask app Flask(__name__) app.route(/) def hello_world():return Hello, World!if __name__ __main__:app.run()Flask構造函數將當前模塊的名稱(__name__)作為參數。2、route函數ap…
閱讀更多...
CSP認證練習題目推薦(4)

CSP認證練習題目推薦(4)

思維、貪心、綜合 排隊打水 這道題目不算難&#xff0c;但是不注意還是會出現很多錯誤&#xff0c;比如結構體的書寫。以及自定義結構體排序。還有這里做的優化&#xff0c;使用前綴和記錄打水的等待時間&#xff0c;但是這里很容易出錯的點在于等待時間是應該是記錄的前一個…
閱讀更多...
MySQL 視圖的更新與刪除：從操作規范到風險防控

MySQL 視圖的更新與刪除：從操作規范到風險防控

MySQL 視圖的更新與刪除&#xff1a;從操作規范到風險防控 視圖作為 “虛擬表”&#xff0c;其更新與刪除操作常常讓開發者困惑 ——“為什么更新視圖會報錯&#xff1f;”“刪除視圖會不會弄丟數據&#xff1f;” 實際上&#xff0c;80% 的視圖操作問題都源于對 “視圖依賴基表…
閱讀更多...
C 語言實現 I.MX6ULL 點燈（續上一篇）、SDK、deep及bsp工程管理

C 語言實現 I.MX6ULL 點燈（續上一篇）、SDK、deep及bsp工程管理

目錄 一、匯編點燈轉 C 語言實現 1. 關鍵字&#xff1a;volatile 2. 寄存器地址定義&#xff08;兩種方式&#xff09; &#xff08;1&#xff09;直接宏定義地址 &#xff08;2&#xff09;結構體封裝寄存器&#xff08;優化訪問&#xff09; 3. 核心功能代碼 &#xff…
閱讀更多...
DevOps實戰(7) - 使用Arbess+GitPuk+sourcefare實現Node.js項目自動化部署

DevOps實戰(7) - 使用Arbess+GitPuk+sourcefare實現Node.js項目自動化部署

Arbess 是一款國產開源免費的 CI/CD 工具&#xff0c;工具支持一鍵部署&#xff0c;頁面簡潔易用。本文將詳細介紹如何安裝配置使用GitPuk、sourcefare、Arbess系統&#xff0c;使用流水線拉取GitPuk源碼、使用sourcefare代碼掃描、構建安裝包并進行主機部署。 1、GitPuk 安裝…
閱讀更多...
算法，蒜鳥蒜鳥-P1-理解“雙指針”

算法，蒜鳥蒜鳥-P1-理解“雙指針”

歡迎來到啾啾的博客&#x1f431;。 記錄學習點滴。分享工作思考和實用技巧&#xff0c;偶爾也分享一些雜談&#x1f4ac;。 有很多很多不足的地方&#xff0c;歡迎評論交流&#xff0c;感謝您的閱讀和評論&#x1f604;。 目錄引言1 雙指針&#xff1a;Two Pointers1.1 左右指…
閱讀更多...
使用cookiecutter創建python項目

使用cookiecutter創建python項目

一、關于Python項目結構Python 項目并沒有完全統一的 “固定結構”&#xff0c;但行業內有一些廣泛遵循的約定俗成的目錄結構&#xff08;尤其針對可分發的包或大型項目&#xff09;。同時&#xff0c;確實有工具可以快速生成這些標準化結構&#xff0c;提高開發效率&#xff0…
閱讀更多...
臺積電生態工程深度解析：從晶圓廠到蜂巢的系統架構遷移

臺積電生態工程深度解析：從晶圓廠到蜂巢的系統架構遷移

當半導體巨頭將工廠視為生態系統&#xff0c;用工程思維解決環境問題概述&#xff1a;生態系統的工程化再造臺積電近日開展的"積蜜"項目絕非簡單的企業CSR行為&#xff0c;而是一場將生態系統視為復雜系統進行工程化改造的技術實踐。本文將從系統架構、數據監控、循環…
閱讀更多...
從零實現一個簡易計算器

從零實現一個簡易計算器

最近在刷算法題時&#xff0c;遇到了實現計算器的問題。一開始覺得很簡單&#xff0c;但真正動手實現時才發現其中有很多細節需要考慮。今天就來分享一下我的實現思路和學到的經驗。問題分析我們需要實現一個能夠處理加減乘除四則運算的計算器&#xff0c;要正確處理運算符的優…
閱讀更多...
Actix-webRust Web框架入門教程

Actix-webRust Web框架入門教程

文章目錄引言Actix-web是什么&#xff1f;準備工作你的第一個Actix-web應用理解代碼結構處理請求和響應接收請求數據返回響應中間件 - 增強你的應用狀態管理和依賴注入實用示例&#xff1a;構建RESTful API測試你的Actix-web應用部署Actix-web應用結語額外資源引言 嘿&#xf…
閱讀更多...
若依框架前端通過 nginx docker 鏡像本地運行

若依框架前端通過 nginx docker 鏡像本地運行

1. 前言 項目運行過程圖&#xff1a;對于前端項目通過命令 npm run build 打包后&#xff0c;無法直接運行。存在如下錯誤&#xff1a;可以通過配置 nginx 服務器運行前端項目解決如上問題。 2. Nginx 運行 采用 docker 鏡像的方式運行&#xff0c;docker-compose.yml 文件內容…
閱讀更多...
淺聊一下HTTP協議

淺聊一下HTTP協議

在日常上網瀏覽網頁、刷視頻時&#xff0c;背后都離不開 HTTP 協議的支持。作為 Web 世界的 “交通規則”&#xff0c;它負責服務器和客戶端瀏覽器之間的數據傳輸。這篇文章就帶大家全面了解 HTTP 協議&#xff0c;從基本概念到通信細節&#xff0c;再到安全相關的 HTTPS&#…
閱讀更多...
機器人控制器開發(定位——cartographer ros2 使用2)

機器人控制器開發(定位——cartographer ros2 使用2)

文章總覽 1 純定位模式 當完成建圖后&#xff0c;會生成pbstream格式的地圖文件 配置純定位模式的lua腳本 backpack_2d_localization.lua include "backpack_2d.lua"TRAJECTORY_BUILDER.pure_localization_trimmer {max_submaps_to_keep 3, } POSE_GRAPH.optimi…
閱讀更多...
最新文章

Copyright @ 2022~2023