Python實現貪吃蛇一

????????貪吃蛇是一款經典的小游戲，最近嘗試用Python實現它。先做一個基礎版本實現以下目標：

????????1、做一個按鈕，控制游戲開始

????????2、按Q鍵退出游戲

? ? ? ? 3、右上角顯示一個記分牌

? ? ? ? 4、隨機生成一個食物，蛇吃到食物后長度加一，得10分

? ? ? ? 5、蛇碰到邊緣，游戲結束

? ? ? ? 6、蛇碰到自己，游戲結束

? ? ? ? 主流程代碼（gluttonous_snake.py）如下：

import sysimport pygame
import randomfrom settings import Settings
from snake import Snake
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from food import Food
from scoreboard import Scoreboardclass GluttonousSnake:""" 管理游戲資源和行為的類 """def __init__(self):""" 初始化游戲并創建游戲資源 """pygame.init()self.settings = Settings()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇")# 創建一個用于存儲游戲統計信息的實例self.stats = GameStats(self)# 創建記分牌self.sb = Scoreboard(self)self.food = Food(self)self.snakes = []self._create_snakes()# 創建Play按鈕self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")def _create_snakes(self):""" 初始化創建長度為3的蛇 """for snake_number in range(3):self._create_snake(snake_number)def _create_snake(self, snake_number):""" 創建一段蛇身 """snake = Snake(self)self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()snake.x = self.settings.screen_width / 2snake.y = self.settings.screen_height / 2 + snake_number * self.settings.snake_heightsnake.rect.x = snake.xsnake.rect.y = snake.yself.snakes.append(snake)def _check_events(self):# 監視鍵盤和鼠標的事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self._check_keydown_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):""" 在玩家單擊Play按鈕時開始新游戲 """button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:# 重置游戲設置self.stats.game_active = True# 隱藏鼠標光標pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)self.stats.score = 0self.sb.prep_score()self.settings.snake_direction = 'up'# 清空余下的蛇身self.snakes.clear()# 重新創建蛇身self._create_snakes()def _check_keydown_events(self, event):# 響應按鍵if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':self.settings.snake_direction = 'right'elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':self.settings.snake_direction = 'left'elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:if self.settings.snake_direction == 'right' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':self.settings.snake_direction = 'up'elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:if self.settings.snake_direction == 'right' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':self.settings.snake_direction = 'down'elif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()def _update_snakes(self):""" 更新蛇 """snake_head = self.snakes[0]self._create_snake_head(snake_head.rect.x, snake_head.rect.y)""" 檢查是否吃到食物 """eat_food = self._check_eat_food()if not eat_food:self.snakes.pop()def _check_edges(self):""" 蛇碰到邊緣時采取相應的措施 """snake_head = self.snakes[0]if snake_head.check_edges():self.stats.game_active = False# 顯示鼠標光標pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def _check_eat_self(self, snake_head):""" 是否碰到自己 """for snake in self.snakes:if snake.rect.colliderect(snake_head.rect):self.stats.game_active = False# 顯示鼠標光標pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)breakdef _check_eat_food(self):""" 檢測蛇吃到食物 """snake_head = self.snakes[0]food = self.foodif snake_head.rect.colliderect(food.rect):food.rect.x = round(random.randrange(20, self.settings.screen_width - self.settings.snake_width * 2) / 20.0) * 20.0food.rect.y = round(random.randrange(20, self.settings.screen_height - self.settings.snake_height * 2) / 20.0) * 20.0self.stats.score += self.settings.food_scoreself.sb.prep_score()return Trueelse:return Falsedef _create_snake_head(self, x, y):""" 創建蛇頭 """snake = Snake(self)if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up':snake.x = xsnake.y = y - self.settings.snake_heightelif self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':snake.x = xsnake.y = y + self.settings.snake_heightelif self.settings.snake_direction == 'right':snake.x = x + self.settings.snake_widthsnake.y = yelif self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':snake.x = x - self.settings.snake_widthsnake.y = ysnake.rect.x = snake.xsnake.rect.y = snake.yself._check_eat_self(snake)self.snakes.insert(0, snake)def run_game(self):""" 開始游戲的主循環 """while True:self._check_events()if self.stats.game_active:if self.settings.update_count % 500 == 0: #控制游戲速度self._update_snakes()self._check_edges()self.settings.update_count = 0self.settings.update_count += 1self._update_screen()def _update_screen(self):# 每次循環時都會重繪屏幕self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)self.food.draw_food()for snake in self.snakes:snake.draw_snake()# 如果游戲處于非活動狀態，就繪制Play按鈕if not self.stats.game_active:self.play_button.draw_button()# 顯示得分self.sb.show_score()# 讓最近繪制的屏幕可見pygame.display.flip()if __name__ == '__main__':# 創建實例并運行游戲ai = GluttonousSnake()ai.run_game()

? ? ? ? 按鈕類（button.py）：

import pygame.fontclass Button:def __init__(self, ai_game, msg):""" 初始化按鈕的屬性 """self.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()# 設置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性self.width, self.height = 100, 50self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)# 創建按鈕的rect對象，并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.centerself.rect.y = 100# 按鈕的標簽只需創建一次self._prep_msg(msg)def _prep_msg(self, msg):""" 將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中 """self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):# 繪制一個用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

? ? ? ? 食物類（food.py）：

import pygameclass Food:def __init__(self, ai_game):""" 創建一個蛇身對象 """super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.color = self.settings.food_color# 在（0,0）處創建一個表示食物的矩形，再設置正確的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.food_width,self.settings.food_height)# 對于每個食物，都將其放在屏幕底部的中央self.rect.x = self.settings.screen_width / 2self.rect.y = self.settings.screen_height - 100# 在食物的屬性x中存儲小數值self.x = float(self.rect.x)# 存儲用小數點表示的食物位置self.y = float(self.rect.y)def draw_food(self):""" 在屏幕上繪制食物 """pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

? ? ? ? 游戲狀態（game_stats.py）：

class GameStats:""" 跟蹤游戲的統計信息 """def __init__(self, ai_game):""" 初始化統計信息 """self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.reset_stats()# 游戲剛啟動時處于非活動狀態self.game_active = Falsedef reset_stats(self):""" 初始化在游戲運行期間可能變化的統計信息 """self.score = 0

? ? ? ? 游戲設置（settings.py）：

class Settings:def __init__(self):""" 初始化游戲的靜態設置 """# 屏幕設置self.screen_width = 800self.screen_height = 600self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)# 游戲設置self.update_count = 1# 蛇身設置self.snake_width = 20self.snake_height = 20self.snake_color = (0, 230, 0)self.snake_direction = 'up'# 食物設置self.food_width = 20self.food_height = 20self.food_color = (230, 0, 0)self.food_score = 10

? ? ? ? 記分牌（scoreboard.py）：

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Groupclass Scoreboard:""" 顯示得分信息的類 """def __init__(self, ai_game):""" 初始化顯示得分涉及的屬性 """self.ai_game = ai_gameself.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.stats = ai_game.stats# 顯示得分信息時使用的字體設置self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)# 準備初始得分的圖像self.prep_score()def prep_score(self):""" 將得分轉換為一副渲染的圖像 """round_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)score_str = "{:,}".format(round_score)self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True,self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)# 在屏幕右上角顯示得分self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def show_score(self):""" 在屏幕上顯示得分 """self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)

? ? ? ? 蛇對象（snake.py）：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Snake(Sprite):def __init__(self, ai_game):""" 創建一個蛇身對象 """super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screenself.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()self.settings = ai_game.settingsself.color = self.settings.snake_color# 在（0,0）處創建一個表示一段蛇身的矩形，再設置正確的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.snake_width,self.settings.snake_height)# 對于每段蛇身，都將其放在屏幕底部的中央self.rect.x = self.screen_rect.width + (self.settings.screen_width / 2)self.rect.y = self.screen_rect.height + (self.settings.screen_height / 2)# 在蛇身的屬性x中存儲小數值self.x = float(self.rect.x)# 存儲用小數點表示的子彈位置self.y = float(self.rect.y)def draw_snake(self):""" 在屏幕上繪制蛇身 """pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)def check_edges(self):""" 如果蛇位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True """screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0 or self.rect.top <= 0 or self.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:return True

? ? ? ? 運行游戲，下面是初始界面：