注意：在MYSQL的安裝與卸載中，需要使用root用戶進行。

一、卸載不必要的環境

? 查看是否有運行的服務

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# ps axj |grep mysql1 22030 22029 22029 ?           -1 Sl      27   0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid3096 22531 22530  3096 pts/0    22530 R+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# ps axj |grep maridb3096 22672 22671  3096 pts/0    22671 S+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto maridb

我們可以看到當前的機器上是存在著mysql的，如果沒有則可直接跳過這步操作，下面的操作對應maridb也是一樣的。
? 關閉運行的服務

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# ps axj |grep mysql3096 23210 23209  3096 pts/0    23209 S+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

? 查找服務器上的mysql安裝包

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch
mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64

? 卸載全部的安裝包

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# rpm -qa|grep mysql|xargs yum -y remove
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
……
……
Complete!

? 再次確認

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# ls /etc/my.cnf
ls: cannot access /etc/my.cnf: No such file or directory
[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# 

這就說明我們卸載干凈了。

二、安裝MySQL

? 獲取mysql官方的yum源
這是網址：http://repo.mysql.com/ ，對于下載的yum源我們需要與當前系統相結合下載。

[root@VM-24-10-centos etc]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

因此我們最好能下載CentOS7.6版本的，但是我們查看后發現并沒有這一版本，因此我們下載的是http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7.rpm。
我們將其下載到windows端，然后通過rzsz小工具傳輸到Linux端。

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# rz[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   25680 Dec 28 16:53 mysql57-community-release-el7.rpm

? 安裝mysql源

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]

我們可以看到在/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄下多了與mysql相關的兩個源。

root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  614 Apr 14  2024 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  230 Apr 14  2024 CentOS-Epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1358 Sep  5  2021 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1457 Sep  5  2021 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1838 Apr 27  2017 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1885 Apr 27  2017 mysql-community-source.repo

? 確認MySQL源安裝成功

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# yum list|grep mysql
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
mysql57-community-release.noarch         el7-11                        installed
akonadi-mysql.x86_64                     1.9.2-4.el7                   os       
anope-mysql.x86_64                       2.1.4-1.el7                   epel     
apr-util-mysql.x86_64                    1.5.2-6.el7_9.1               updates  
calligra-kexi-driver-mysql.x86_64        2.9.10-2.el7                  epel     
collectd-mysql.x86_64                    5.8.1-2.el7                   epel     
dmlite-plugins-mysql.x86_64              1.15.2-15.el7                 epel     
dovecot-mysql.x86_64                     1:2.2.36-8.el7                os       
dpm-copy-server-mysql.x86_64             1.13.0-1.el7                  epel     
dpm-name-server-mysql.x86_64             1.13.0-1.el7                  epel     
dpm-server-mysql.x86_64                  1.13.0-1.el7                  epel  

? 安裝MySQL

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
……
Complete!

可能會碰到安裝遇到秘鑰過期的問題：
Failing package is: mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
解決方案：
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

? 確認MySQL安裝成功

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# ls /etc/my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# which mysqld
/usr/sbin/mysqld

? 啟動MySQL

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# ps axj |grep mysql1 16034 16033 16033 ?           -1 Sl      27   0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid3096 16076 16075  3096 pts/0    16075 S+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

三、登錄MySQL

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

這里我們看到登錄MySQL需要密碼，但是我們不知道密碼。最直接的方法是修改MySQL的配置文件,我們只需要在配置文件末尾加上skip-grant-tables。

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

不要忘記配置完文件需要重新啟動MySQL。

[root@VM-24-10-centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

我們直接按回車鍵就進入mysql了。

四、設置配置文件

繼續配置

# 端口號設為默認值
port=3306
# 編碼方式使用utf-8
character-set-server=utf8
# 選擇存儲引擎
default-storage-engine=innodb

配置完成后再次重啟即可。

#開啟開機?啟動
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

至于自啟動配置，筆者使用的是云服務器就不配置了。