一、2013年真題
1、世紀末的星期
使用日期類判斷就行,這里使用LocalDate,也可以使用Calendar類
答案 2099
- 使用LocalDate
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
// 1:無需package
// 2: 類名必須Main, 不可修改public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {for(int i =20; ; i++) {StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();s.append(i).append(99).append("-12-31");// 解析字符串為日期并且格式化DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(s.toString(), formatter);// getDayOfWeek()返回大寫英文星期表示if(date.getDayOfWeek().toString().equals("SUNDAY")) {System.out.println(i + "99");break;}}}
}
- 使用Calendar
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Calendar;
// 1:無需package
// 2: 類名必須Main, 不可修改public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {// getInstance方法返回一個Calendar對象,其日歷字段已使用當前日期和時間進行初始化Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();for(int y = 2099; y<=9999;y += 100) {// Calendar類中的月份是從0開始編號一直到11的// 所以12月份的編號是11cal.set(y, 11, 31);// 星期天到星期六為一周,編號1-7if(cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)==1) {System.out.println(y); break;}}}
}
2、馬虎的算式
使用暴力法遍歷即可,注意5個數字各不相同
答案142
import java.util.Scanner;
// 1:無需package
// 2: 類名必須Main, 不可修改public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {int cnt = 0;for(int a = 1; a <= 9; a++) {for(int b = 1; b <= 9; b++) {if(a != b) {for(int c = 1; c <= 9; c++) {if(a != c && b != c) {for(int d = 1; d <= 9; d++) {if(a != d && b != d && c != d) {for(int e = 1; e <= 9; e++) {if(a != e && b != e && c != e && d != e) {if((a*10 +b)*(c*100+d*10+e) == (a*100+d*10+b)*(c*10+e))cnt++;}}}}}}}}}System.out.println(cnt);}
}
3、振興中華
因為一共走7步,橫著走4步,豎著3步,所以根據組合知識得答案為 C(7,3) = 35
使用遞歸編碼如下
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println(fun(0,0));}private static int fun(int x, int y) {// 橫著走了4步或豎著走了3步,一定會到達終點if(x == 3 || y == 4)return 1;else return fun(x+1, y) + fun(x, y+1);}
}
4、黃金連分數
使用BigInteger和BigDecimal
解析:
- 要將本題轉換為斐波那契數列,就是求兩個很大的斐波那契數列相鄰兩項相除
- 用BigDecimal計算結果
- 使用BigDecimal的除法時,若結果為無限小數,則要指定運算的范圍
即被除數.divid(除數,范圍,BigDecimal_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); - 求小數點后的100位,需要運算結果在101位及之前達到穩定,即傳值增大,第101位的數字不在變化。
- “0.” 在截取字符串時占了兩位.
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {fun();}private static void fun() {BigInteger a = BigInteger.ONE;BigInteger b = BigInteger.ONE;for(int i = 3; i < 500; i++) {BigInteger t = b;b = a.add(b);a = t;}BigDecimal divide = new BigDecimal(a).divide(new BigDecimal(b), 100, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN);System.out.println(divide);}
}
5、錯誤票據
使用數組記錄次數
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int[] arr = new int[100005];int a = 0, b = 0;int max = 0, min = 0;// 這里必須<=n,是為了處理行末可能的空格for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {// 因為每行數據個數不確定,所以接受一整行,再判斷是否到達行末Scanner sc = new Scanner(in.nextLine());while(sc.hasNext()) {int x = sc.nextInt();if(arr[x] == 1)b = x; // 重復數字arr[x]++;min = Math.min(min, x);max = Math.max(max, x);}}for(int i = min; i <= max; i++) {if(arr[i] == 0){a = i;break;}}System.out.println(a + " " + b);}
}
6、幸運數
題目描述
幸運數是波蘭數學家烏拉姆命名的。它采用與生成素數類似的“篩法”生成 。
首先從1開始寫出自然數1,2,3,4,5,6,…
1 就是第一個幸運數。
我們從2這個數開始。把所有序號能被2整除的項刪除,變為:
1 _ 3 _ 5 _ 7 _ 9 …
把它們縮緊,重新記序,為:
1 3 5 7 9 … 。這時,3為第2個幸運數,然后把所有能被3整除的序號位置的數刪去。注意,是序號位置,不是那個數本身能否被3整除!! 刪除的應該是5,11, 17, …
此時7為第3個幸運數,然后再刪去序號位置能被7整除的(19,39,…)
最后剩下的序列類似:
1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, 25, 31, 33, 37, 43, 49, 51, 63, 67, 69, 73, 75, 79, …
輸入格式
輸入兩個正整數m n, 用空格分開 (m < n < 1000*1000)
輸出格式
程序輸出 位于m和n之間的幸運數的個數(不包含m和n)。
樣例輸入
30 69
樣例輸出
8
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int m = in.nextInt();int n = in.nextInt();int[] arr = new int[n];for(int i = 0; i < n;i++) {arr[i] = i*2+1;}int l = 1;while(l< n && arr[l] <= n) {int p = l+1;for(int i = l +1; i < n; i++) {// 當不是倍數時向前移動if((i+1) % arr[l] != 0) {arr[p++] = arr[i];}}l++;if(arr[l] > n)break;}int ans = 0;for(int i= 0; i < n;i++) {if(arr[i] >=n)break;if(arr[i] > m)ans++;}System.out.println(ans);}
}
7、帶分數
全排列的應用
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {static int N;static int ans = 0;public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);N = in.nextInt();int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};dfs(arr, 0);System.out.println(ans);//System.out.println(toInt(arr, 2, 5));}private static void dfs(int[] arr, int k) {if(k == 9) {check(arr);return;}// 回溯法生成1-9的全排列for(int i = k; i < arr.length; i++) {swap(arr, k, i);dfs(arr, k+1);swap(arr, k, i); // 交換回去,回溯}}private static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {int t = arr[i];arr[i] = arr[j];arr[j] = t;}// 枚舉+ / 的位置private static void check(int[] arr) {// + 號前面最多7個數字for(int i = 1; i <= 7; i++) {int num1 = toInt(arr, 0, i);if(num1 >= N)break;for(int j = 1; j <= 8-i; j++) {int num2 = toInt(arr, i, j);int num3 = toInt(arr, i+j, 9-i-j);if(num2%num3 == 0 && num1 + num2/num3 == N)ans++;}}}// 轉換為intprivate static int toInt(int[] arr, int pos, int len) {int n = 0;int t = 1;for(int i = pos+len-1; i >= pos; i--) {n += arr[i]*t;t*=10;}return n;}
}
8、連號區間數
區間最大值-最小值=區間間距,說明區間連號
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int[] arr = new int[n];for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)arr[i] = in.nextInt();int ans = 0;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {int max = arr[i];int min = arr[i];for(int j = i; j < n; j++) {if(arr[j] < min)min = arr[j];if(arr[j] > max)max = arr[j];if(i == j)ans++;else {if(max-min == j - i)ans++;}}}System.out.println(ans);}
}
二、2014年真題
1、地宮取寶
2、分糖果
package project2014;import java.util.Scanner;public class 分糖果 {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int[] arr = new int[n];for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {arr[i] = in.nextInt();}int ans = 0;int len = arr.length;while(!check(arr)) {for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {arr[i] /= 2;}int t =arr[0];for (int i = 0; i < len-1; i++) {arr[i] += arr[i+1];}arr[len-1] += t;for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {if((arr[i] & 1) == 1) {arr[i] ++;ans++;}}}System.out.println(ans);}private static boolean check(int[] arr) {for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {if(arr[i] != arr[0])return false;}return true;}
}
3、矩陣翻硬幣
涉及大整數運算,使用BigInteger。
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);String m = in.next();String n = in.next();System.out.println(sqrt(m).multiply(sqrt(n)));}private static BigInteger sqrt(String s) {int len = s.length();int len1 = 0;if((len & 1) == 0) {len1 = len/2;}else {len1 = len/2+1;}char[] arr = new char[len1];Arrays.fill(arr, '0'); // 初始化BigInteger target = new BigInteger(s);for(int pos = 0; pos < len1; pos++) {for(char c = '1'; c <= '9'; c++) {arr[pos] = c;BigInteger num = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(arr)).pow(2);if(num.compareTo(target) == 1) {arr[pos] -= 1;break;}}}return new BigInteger(String.valueOf(arr));}
}
4、撲克序列
全排列,然后找出符合條件的,最后用肉眼看哪個字典序最小
package project2014;import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;public class 撲克序列 {static char[] arr = {'A','A', '2','2','3','3','4','4'};static Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);set.forEach(System.out::println);}private static void dfs(int x) {if(x == arr.length) {String s = new String(arr);if(check(s))set.add(s); // 使用set可以去重}// 全排列模板for(int i = x; i < arr.length; i++) {char t = arr[x];arr[x] = arr[i];arr[i] = t;dfs(x+1);// 恢復t = arr[x];arr[x] = arr[i];arr[i] = t;}}private static boolean check(String s) {if(s.lastIndexOf('A') - s.indexOf('A') == 2 && s.lastIndexOf('2') - s.indexOf('2') == 3&& s.lastIndexOf('3') - s.indexOf('3') == 4&& s.lastIndexOf('4') - s.indexOf('4') == 5)return true;else {return false;}}
}
5、奇怪的分式
枚舉,最大公約數
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {int ans = 0;for(int a = 1; a <= 9; a++) {for(int b = 1; b <= 9; b++) {if(a==b)continue;for(int c = 1; c <= 9; c++) {for(int d = 1; d <= 9; d++) {if(c==d)continue;int x = gcd(a*c, b*d);int y = gcd(a*10+c, b*10+d);if(b*d/x == (b*10+d)/y && a*c/x == (a*10+c)/y)ans++;}}}}System.out.println(ans);}private static int gcd(int m, int n) {if(n == 0)return m;else return gcd(n, m%n);}
}
6、猜字母
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {char[] arr = new char[2014];int k = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= 106; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < 19; j++) {arr[k++] = (char)('a'+j);}}int len = 2014;while(len > 1) {int p = 0;for(int i = 1; i < len; i+=2) {arr[p++] = arr[i];}len = p;}System.out.println(arr[0]);}
}
7、大衍數列
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{public static void main(String[] args){//大衍數列,主要用于解釋中國傳統文化中的太極衍生原理// 前幾項:0、2、4、8、12、18、24、32、40、50for(int i=1; i<20; i++){if(i%2==0)System.out.print(" "+i*i/2);elseSystem.out.print(" "+(i*i-1)/2);}System.out.println();}
}
三、2015年真題
1、立方變自身
枚舉就行
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {int ans = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= 999; i++) { // 枚舉范圍可以多試幾個int x = i*i*i;if(sum(x) == i)ans++;}System.out.println(ans);}private static int sum(int x) {int sum = 0;while(x != 0) {sum += x%10;x /= 10;}return sum;}
}
2、三羊獻瑞
全排列,暴力查找
package project2014;public class 三羊獻瑞 {static int[] arr = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);}private static void dfs(int pos) {if(pos == arr.length) {int s1 = arr[0]*1000+arr[1]*100+arr[2]*10+arr[3];int s2 = arr[4]*1000+arr[5]*100+arr[6]*10+arr[1];int s3 = arr[4]*10000+arr[5]*1000+arr[2]*100+arr[1]*10+arr[7];if(s1+s2==s3) {System.out.println(s2);return;}}for(int i = pos; i < arr.length; i++) {int t = arr[pos];arr[pos] = arr[i];arr[i] = t;dfs(pos+1);t = arr[pos];arr[pos] = arr[i];arr[i] = t;}}
}
3、方格填數
全排列
package project2015;public class 方格填數 {static int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};static int ans = 0;public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);System.out.println(ans);}private static void dfs(int pos) {if(pos == 10) {if(check())ans++;}for(int i = pos; i < 10; i++) {int t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;dfs(pos+1);t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;}}private static boolean check() {int[][] arr = new int[2][5];int k = 0;for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {arr[i][j] = a[k++];}}for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {if((i + 1 < 2) && arr[i][j] > arr[i+1][j] || (j+1 < 5) && arr[i][j] > arr[i][j+1])return false;}}return true;}
}
4、飲料換購
自己在草稿紙上算一遍就知道過程
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int ans = n;while(n >= 3) {int t = n / 3;n = t + n%3;ans += t;}System.out.println(ans);}
}
5、九數組分數
全排列,找到符合的排列
import java.util.*;public class Main
{public static void test(int[] x){int a = x[0]*1000 + x[1]*100 + x[2]*10 + x[3];int b = x[4]*10000 + x[5]*1000 + x[6]*100 + x[7]*10 + x[8];if(a*3==b) System.out.println(a + "/" + b);} public static void f(int[] x, int k){if(k>=x.length){test(x);return;}for(int i=k; i<x.length; i++){int t=x[k]; x[k]=x[i]; x[i]=t;f(x,k+1);t=x[k]; x[k]=x[i]; x[i]=t;}}public static void main(String[] args){int[] x = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; f(x,0);}
}
四、2016年真題
1、湊算式
使用DFS生成全排列,然后檢查是否滿足等式就行。注意兩個分數通分后再計算
package project2016;public class 湊算式 {static int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};static int ans = 0;public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);System.out.println(ans);}private static void dfs(int pos) {if(pos == 9) {if(check())ans++;}for(int i = pos; i < 9; i++) {int t = arr[i];arr[i] = arr[pos];arr[pos] = t;dfs(pos+1);t = arr[i];arr[i] = arr[pos];arr[pos] = t;}}private static boolean check() {if(arr[1] == 0)return false;int x = arr[6]*100+arr[7]*10+arr[8];if(x == 0)return false;int y = arr[3]*100+arr[4]*10+arr[5];int fenzi = arr[2]*x+arr[1]*y;int fenmu = arr[1]*x;if(fenzi % fenmu == 0 && arr[0] + fenzi / fenmu == 10)return true;else {return false;}}
}
2、方格填數
全排列,然后使用最笨的辦法–逐個位置進行判斷
package project2016;public class 方格填數 {static int[] a = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};static int ans = 0;public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);System.out.println(ans);}private static void dfs(int pos) {if(pos == 10) {if(check())ans++;}for(int i = pos; i < 10; i++) {int t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;dfs(pos+1);t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;}}private static boolean check() {if(abs(a[0] - a[1]) == 1 || abs(a[0] - a[3]) == 1 || abs(a[0] - a[4]) == 1 || abs(a[0] - a[5]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[1] - a[2]) == 1 || abs(a[1] - a[4]) == 1 || abs(a[1] - a[5]) == 1 || abs(a[1] - a[6]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[2] - a[5]) == 1 || abs(a[2] - a[6]) == 1 )return false;if(abs(a[3] - a[4]) == 1 || abs(a[3] - a[7]) == 1 || abs(a[3] - a[8]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[4] - a[5]) == 1 || abs(a[4] - a[7]) == 1 || abs(a[4] - a[8]) == 1 || abs(a[4] - a[9]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[5] - a[6]) == 1 || abs(a[5] - a[8]) == 1 || abs(a[5] - a[9]) == 1 )return false;if(abs(a[6] - a[9]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[7] - a[8]) == 1)return false;if(abs(a[8] - a[9]) == 1)return false;return true;}private static int abs(int x) {return Math.abs(x);}
}
3、剪郵票
這是一個比較難的題目
如果直接使用DFS深搜,則帶有T字形的結果無法得出,因為DFS無法兼顧兩個方向。
正確的解法是:使用全排列,隨機選取5個格子,使用DFS判斷他們是否連通,即判斷3行4列的矩陣中是否只有一個連通快,如是則這個排列符合題意,在生成全排列時,需要使用vis數組去重,因為待排列數組有重復的元素。
public class Main {static int[] a = {1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};static int ans = 0;static boolean[] vis = new boolean[12];public static void main(String[] args) {int[] path = new int[12];dfs(0, path);System.out.println(ans);}private static void dfs(int pos, int path[]) {if(pos == 12) {if(check(path))ans++;}for(int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {if(i > 0 && a[i] == a[i-1] && !vis[i-1])continue; // 相同元素,優先使用前面一個if(!vis[i]) {vis[i] = true;path[pos] = a[i];dfs(pos+1, path);vis[i] = false; // 回溯}}}private static boolean check(int[] path) {int[][] x = new int[3][4];for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {if(path[i*4+j] == 1)x[i][j] = 1;else {x[i][j] = 0;}}}int cnt = 0; // 聯通塊數目for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {if(x[i][j] == 1) {fun(x, i, j);cnt++;}}}return cnt == 1; // 只有一個連通快}private static void fun(int[][] x ,int i, int j) {x[i][j] = 0; // 防止回退// 嘗試周圍的路徑if(i - 1 >= 0 && x[i-1][j] == 1)fun(x, i-1,j);if(i + 1 < 3 && x[i+1][j] == 1)fun(x, i+1,j);if(j - 1 >= 0 && x[i][j-1] == 1)fun(x, i,j-1);if(j +1 < 4 && x[i][j+1] == 1)fun(x, i,j+1);}
}
4、生日蠟燭
等差數列的應用
公式: an=a1+(n-1)d
前n項和公式: Sn=na1+n(n-1)d/2=n(a1+an)/2
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {for(int i = 2;; i++){ // 從2開始,不然從1開始會得到236,不合理答案int t = i*(i-1)/2;if((236-t)%i==0){System.out.println((236-t)/i);break;}}}
}
5、四平方和
枚舉,借助哈希表,將4層循環降為2層,同時通過判斷來縮小枚舉范圍
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();for(int c = 0; c*c <= n/2; c++) {for(int d = c; c*c + d*d <= n; d++) {int x = c*c + d*d;if(!map.containsKey(x))map.put(x, c);}}for(int a = 0; a*a <= n/4; a++) {for(int b = a; a*a + b*b <= n/2; b++) {int x = a*a + b*b;if(map.containsKey(n-x)) {int c = map.get(n-x);int d = (int)Math.sqrt(n - x - c*c);System.out.printf("%d %d %d %d", a,b,c,d);return;}}}}
}
6、煤球數目
import java.util.Scanner;
// 1:無需package
// 2: 類名必須Main, 不可修改public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);//在此輸入您的代碼...int sum = 1, x = 1;for(int i = 2; i <= 100; i++){x += i;sum+=x;}System.out.println(sum);scan.close();}
}
7、抽簽
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{public static void f(int[] a, int k, int n, String s){if(k==a.length){ if(n==0) System.out.println(s);return;}String s2 = s;for(int i=0; i<=a[k]; i++){f(a,k+1,n-i,s2);s2 += (char)(k+'A');}}public static void main(String[] args){int[] a = {4,2,2,1,1,3};f(a,0,5,"");}
}
五、2017年真題
1、K倍區間
一維前綴和+數學優化。
同余定理:
如果a,b除以c的余數相同,就稱a,b對于除數c來說是同余的,且有a與b的差能被c整除.(a,b,c均為自然數)
例如,7,16除以3的余數相同都為1,就稱7,16對于除數3來說是同余的,且7與16的差能被3整除。
將所有的前綴和sum[i]全部模上K,統計所有相同余數的個數。
根據上面的介紹,我們知道假設有m個前綴和滿足除以K的余數相同,那么任意兩個前綴和的差都能被K整除,所以K倍區間的個數就是,即m*(m-1)/2個
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int k = in.nextInt();// 使用long 因為 a[i]*(a[i]-1)可能int溢出,這是由測試數據得出的,比賽時盡量使用longlong[] a = new long[k]; int sum = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {sum += in.nextInt();a[sum%k]++;sum %= k;}long ans = a[0];for(int i = 0; i < k; i++) {ans += (a[i]*(a[i]-1))/2;}System.out.println(ans);}
}
2、包子湊數
3、承壓計算
關鍵點在于怎么處理,可以使顯示的數字很大,同時要處理除2問題,如果直接每一個數除2,會導致小數問題,而且不知道最終值與原本計算值的關系。解決辦法是每一個數都乘上一個較大值,而且這個值是2的整數倍,這樣除2就不會有小數了,而且大值之間還比較容易看出關系。
package project2017;import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;public class 承壓計算 {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);long[][] a = new long[30][30];long factor = 1;// 左移30位得到2^30for(int i = 1; i <= 30; i++)factor <<= 1;//System.out.println(factor);for(int i = 0; i < 29; i++) {for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {a[i][j] = in.nextInt()*factor;}}for(int i = 0; i < 29; i++) {for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {long half = a[i][j] / 2;a[i+1][j] += half;a[i+1][j+1] += half;}}Arrays.sort(a[29]); // 排序得到最大最小System.out.println(a[29][0]);System.out.println(a[29][29] / (a[29][0]/2086458231));}
}
4、分巧克力
使用二分法
考慮數據
3 1
10 10
5 5
2 2
正確答案是10,枚舉邊長范圍應該是[1, 所有邊長最大值]
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int k = in.nextInt();int[] h = new int[n];int[] w = new int[n];int max = 0;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {h[i] = in.nextInt();w[i] = in.nextInt();max = Math.max(max, Math.max(h[i], w[i]));}in.close();int ans = 1;int l = 1;int r = max;while(l <= r) {int mid = l + ((r-l)>>1); // 先計算右移,用括號包裹,或者 (l+r)>>1int cnt = 0;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {cnt += (h[i]/mid)*(w[i]/mid);}if(cnt >= k) { // 還能增大邊長ans = mid;l = mid+1;}else {r = mid-1;}}System.out.println(ans);}
}
5、取位數
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
// 求數字x的總位數static int len(int x){if(x<10) return 1;return len(x/10)+1;}// 取x的第k位數字static int f(int x, int k){if(len(x)-k==0) return x%10;return f(x/10, k); //填空}public static void main(String[] args){int x = 23513;//System.out.println(len(x));System.out.println(f(x,3));System.out.println(f(893275,2));}
}
6、日期問題
使用TreeSet排序和去重
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);String s = in.next(); // 02/03/04char[] arr = s.toCharArray();int a,b,c;a = (arr[0] - '0')*10+(arr[1] - '0');b = (arr[3] - '0')*10+(arr[4] - '0');c =(arr[6] - '0')*10+(arr[7] - '0');// 只能是下面三種排列String s1 = fun(a,b,c);String s2 = fun(c,a,b);String s3 = fun(c,b,a);Set<String> set = new TreeSet<>(); // 去重和排序if(!s1.equals(""))set.add(s1);if(!s2.equals(""))set.add(s2);if(!s3.equals(""))set.add(s3);set.forEach(System.out::println);}private static String fun(int a, int b, int c) {if(a >= 0 && a <= 59)a += 2000;else if(a >= 60 && a <= 99)a += 1900;if(b <1 || b > 12)return "";if(c < 1 || c > 31)return "";boolean leap = isLeap(a);switch (b) {case 2:if(leap) {if(c > 29)return "";}else {if(c > 28)return "";}break;case 4:if(c > 30)return "";break;case 6:if(c > 30)return "";break;case 9:if(c > 30)return "";break;case 11:if(c > 30)return "";break;default:break;}// 不足位補0String bb = b < 10 ? "0"+b : ""+b;String cc = c < 10 ? "0"+c : ""+c;return a+"-"+bb+"-"+cc;}private static boolean isLeap(int y) {return (y%4 == 0 && y%100 != 0) || y%400 == 0;}
}
7、紙牌三角形
全排列
public class Main {static int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};static int ans = 0;public static void main(String[] args) {dfs(0);// 因為考慮對稱、旋轉,所以有6個是重復的System.out.println(ans/6);}private static void dfs(int pos) {if(pos == 9) {// 給每一個位置編號int x = a[0]+a[1]+a[3]+a[5];int y = a[0]+a[2]+a[4]+a[8];int z = a[5]+a[6]+a[7]+a[8];if(x == y && y == z) {ans++;}}for(int i = pos; i < 9; i++) {int t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;dfs(pos+1);t = a[i];a[i] = a[pos];a[pos] = t;}}
}
8、最大公共子串
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main
{static int f(String s1, String s2){char[] c1 = s1.toCharArray();char[] c2 = s2.toCharArray();int[][] a = new int[c1.length+1][c2.length+1];int max = 0;for(int i=1; i<a.length; i++){for(int j=1; j<a[i].length; j++){if(c1[i-1]==c2[j-1]) {a[i][j] = a[i-1][j-1]+1; if(a[i][j] > max) max = a[i][j];}}}return max;}public static void main(String[] args){int n = f("abcdkkk", "baabcdadabc");System.out.println(n);System.out.println(f("aaakkkabababa", "baabababcdadabc"));System.out.println(f("abccbaacbcca", "ccccbbbbbaaaa"));System.out.println(f("abcd", "xyz"));System.out.println(f("ab", "ab"));}
}
9、楊輝三角形
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main
{// 楊輝三角形的第row行第col列static long f(int row, int col){if(row<2) return 1;if(col==0) return 1;if(col==row) return 1;long[] a = new long[row+1];a[0]=1;a[1]=1;int p = 2;while(p<=row){a[p] = 1;for(int q = p-1; q >= 1; q--) a[q] = a[q] + a[q-1]; // 關鍵p++;}return a[col];}public static void main(String[] args){System.out.println(f(6,2));System.out.println(f(6,3));System.out.println(f(40,20));}
}
六、2018年真題
1、測試次數
動態規劃
public class Main {static int n = 1000;public static void main(String[] args) {int[] f1 = new int[n+1]; // 只有1部手機時的測試次數int[] f2 = new int[n+1];int[] f3 = new int[n+1];// 只有1部手機時,最壞運氣就是在頂層才測出for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {f1[i] = i;}// 有2部手機時,最佳策略就是判斷在哪一層扔下手機測試次數最少,最壞運氣就是在該層扔下摔壞和沒摔壞的次數最大值for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // 共i層int cnt = Integer.MAX_VALUE;// 在j層扔下for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {// 沒摔壞,則還有2部手機,去更高的層測試,即還有i-j層要測試// 摔壞, 還有1部手機,去更低層測試,即還有j-1層要測試int x = 1 + Math.max(f2[i-j], f1[j-1]);// 最佳策略,先從哪一層扔下,總次數最少cnt = Math.min(cnt, x);}f2[i] = cnt;}// 有3部手機,同理for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {int cnt = Integer.MAX_VALUE;for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {int x = 1 + Math.max(f3[i-j], f2[j-1]);cnt = Math.min(cnt, x);}f3[i] = cnt;}System.out.println(f3[1000]);}
}
2、遞增三元組
先排序,因為n的范圍為10^5,所以計算乘法時要轉成long類型,否則會溢出
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();int[] a = new int[n];int[] b = new int[n];int[] c = new int[n];for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)a[i] = in.nextInt();for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)b[i] = in.nextInt();for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)c[i] = in.nextInt();Arrays.sort(a);Arrays.sort(b);Arrays.sort(c);long ans = 0;int p = 0, q = 0;// 對b數組中的每一個元素,統計a數組中小于該元素的元素個數p,統計c數組中大于該元素的元素個數n-q,則三元組數目為二者之乘積for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {while(p < n && a[p] < b[i])p++;while(q < n && c[q] <= b[i])q++;ans += 1L*p*(n-q); // 使用long類型}System.out.println(ans);}
}
3、方格計數
方格是否在圓內 等價于 方格的右上頂點是否在圓內
需要使用long類型,因為 50000*50000 = 2.5 * 10^9 > int 最大值
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {long ans = 0;long r = 50000;for(long i = 1; i <= r; i++){ans += (long)Math.sqrt(r*r - i*i);}System.out.println(ans*4);}
}
4、復數冪
就是BigInteger的使用
不知道怎么提交
package project2018;import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.math.BigInteger;public class 復數冪 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {BigInteger two = BigInteger.valueOf(2);BigInteger three = BigInteger.valueOf(3);BigInteger a = BigInteger.valueOf(2);BigInteger b = BigInteger.valueOf(3);BigInteger aa = null;BigInteger bb = null;for (int i = 0; i < 123455; i++) {aa = a.multiply(two).subtract(b.multiply(three));// a*2-(b*3)bb = a.multiply(three).add(b.multiply(two));a = aa;b = bb;}//System.setOut(new PrintStream(new File("C:\\Users\\zzps\\Downloads\\1.txt")));System.out.print(aa);System.out.print((bb.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0 ? "-" : "+") + bb + "i");}}
5、螺旋折線
找規律+曼哈頓距離
曼哈頓距離 = abs(x1-x2)+abs(y1-y2)
如圖,在 y=x ,x>=0 部分,頂點的距離為:4,16,36,4kk
k為層數
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);long x = scan.nextLong();long y = scan.nextLong();long k = Math.max(Math.abs(x), Math.abs(y));long s = 4*k*k; // 基準點的距離// 計算曼哈頓距離long m = Math.abs(x-k) + Math.abs(y-k);if(x <= y){// 在基準點左側,距離比其小System.out.println(s - m);}else{System.out.println(s + m);}scan.close();}
}
6、全球變暖
使用DFS
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {
// 定義四個方向static int[][] dir = {{1,0},{-1,0},{0,-1},{0,1}};static char[][] a = new char[1005][1005];// 標記是否訪問過static boolean[][] vis = new boolean[1005][1005];static boolean flag = false;public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();in.nextLine(); // 讀取換行符for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {// 這樣讀取一整行a[i] = in.nextLine().toCharArray();}int ans = 0;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {if(a[i][j] == '#' && !vis[i][j]) {flag = false;dfs(i, j);if(!flag)ans++; // 記錄不是高地的數量}}}System.out.println(ans);}private static void dfs(int i, int j) {vis[i][j] = true;// 周邊都是陸地,這是一個高地,不會被淹沒if(a[i+1][j] == '#' && a[i-1][j] == '#' && a[i][j+1] == '#' && a[i][j-1] == '#')flag = true;for(int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {int dx = i + dir[k][0];int dy = j + dir[k][1];if(a[dx][dy] == '#' && !vis[dx][dy])dfs(dx, dy);}}
}
7、日志統計
七、2019年真題
1、不同子串
使用HashSet去重,使用String的substring取出子串
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {String s = "0100110001010001";Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();for(int i = 0; i < s.length()-1; i++){for(int j = i+1; j < s.length()+1; j++){ // j要多取一位,這樣可以取到最后一位字符String str = s.substring(i,j);set.add(str);}}System.out.println(set.size());}
}
2、數列求值
動態規劃,可以使用4個變量代替dp數組的更迭
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {int f1 = 1;int f2 = 1;int f3 = 1;int f4 = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= 20190321; i++){f4 = (f1+f2+f3)%10000;// 防止溢出 f1 = f2;f2 = f3;f3 = f4;}System.out.println(f4);}
}
3、數的分解
package project2019;public class 數的分解 {public static void main(String[] args) {int ans = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= 2019; i++) {if(check(i))continue;for(int j = i+1; j <= 2019; j++) {if(check(j))continue;for(int k = j+1; k <= 2019; k++) {if(check(k))continue;if(i + j + k == 2019) {ans++;System.out.println(i + " " + j + " " + k);}}}}System.out.println(ans);}private static boolean check(int n) {while(n > 0) {int t = n%10;if(t == 2 || t == 4)return true;n /= 10;}return false;}
}
4、迷宮
使用BFS廣度優先搜索
注意四個方向需要和DLRU匹配,同時pre數組記錄的路徑是逆向的,所以使用遞歸打印比較好。
package project2019;import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Scanner;public class 迷宮 {static int[][] dir = {{1,0},{0,-1},{0,1},{-1,0}}; // 方向增量static char[][] mat = new char[32][52]; // 迷宮地圖static boolean[][] vis = new boolean[32][52]; // 標記是否訪問過static char[] arr = {'D', 'L', 'R', 'U'};static char[][] pre = new char[32][52]; // 記錄路徑public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);for(int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {mat[i] = in.nextLine().toCharArray();}bfs();}private static void bfs() {Node s = new Node (0,0);Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>(); // 鏈表實現隊列,增刪快q.offer(s); // 起點入隊vis[0][0] = true; // 標記起點已經被訪問過while(!q.isEmpty()) {// 取出隊頭元素,poll方法同時會刪除該元素Node e = q.poll();if(e.x == 29 && e.y == 49) {// 到達終點print(29, 49);return;}for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {int x = e.x + dir[i][0];int y = e.y + dir[i][1];if(x >= 0 && x < 30 && y >= 0 && y < 50 && !vis[x][y] && mat[x][y] == '0') {Node n = new Node(x, y);q.offer(n);vis[x][y] = true;pre[x][y] = arr[i];}}}}private static void print(int x ,int y) {if(x == 0 && y == 0)return;if(pre[x][y] == 'D')print(x-1, y);if(pre[x][y] == 'L')print(x, y+1);if(pre[x][y] == 'R')print(x, y-1);if(pre[x][y] == 'U')print(x+1, y);System.out.print(pre[x][y]);}static class Node{int x;int y;public Node(int x, int y) {this.x = x;this.y = y;}}
}
5、特別數的和
暴力即可
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);int n = in.nextInt();long sum = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if(check(i))sum += i;}System.out.println(sum);}private static boolean check(int n) {while(n > 0) {int t = n % 10;if(t == 2 || t == 0 || t == 1 || t== 9)return true;n /= 10;}return false;}
}
6、外賣店優先級
按[id,ts]進行統計
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int sum = 0;int n, m, t, x, y;n = sc.nextInt();m = sc.nextInt();t = sc.nextInt();int arr[][] = new int[n + 1][t + 1];int num[] = new int[n + 1];boolean f[] = new boolean[n + 1];while (m > 0) {x = sc.nextInt();y = sc.nextInt();arr[y][x]++;m--;}for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {for (int j = 1; j <= t; j++) {if (arr[i][j] != 0) {num[i] += 2*arr[i][j];} else{if (num[i] > 0) num[i]--;}if (num[i] > 5) {f[i] = true;}if (num[i] <= 3) {f[i] = false;}}}for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (f[i] == true) {sum++;}}System.out.println(sum);sc.close();}
}
第八題:人物相關性分析
第九題:后綴表達式
九、2021年真題
1、楊輝三角形
下面代碼能通過40%的數據
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);long n = in.nextInt();boolean f = true;for(int i = 0; f == true; i++) {for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {long x = fun(i, j);if(x == n) {System.out.println(i*(i+1)/2+j+1);f = false;break;}}}}private static long fun(int row, int col) {if(row <2)return 1;if(col == 0 || col == row)return 1;long[] a = new long[row+1];a[0] = 1;a[1] = 1;int p = 2;while(p <= row) {a[p] = 1;for(int q= p-1; q >= 1; q--)a[q] = a[q] +a[q-1];p++;}return a[col];}
}