? ? ? ?在使用vmware時發現自己的虛擬機的/dev/cl_server8/root空間不夠了，沒辦法安裝新的服務。所以查了一下改空間的辦法。

1.在虛擬機關閉的狀態下，選中需要擴容的虛擬機->設置->硬件-> 硬盤->擴展->填寫擴大到的值。

2.打開虛擬機，?對新增的硬盤空間做新增分區（硬盤數沒有增加，增加的是空間）

參考:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/54b6b9c0fc8b0b2d583b47c6.html

# ?fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
? ?p ? primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
? ?e ? extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (20971520-41943039, default 20971520):?
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-41943039, default 41943039):?
Using default value 41943039
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bc924

? ?Device Boot ? ? ?Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? Id ?System
/dev/sda1 ? * ? ? ? ?2048 ? ? 2099199 ? ? 1048576 ? 83 ?Linux
/dev/sda2 ? ? ? ? 2099200 ? ?20971519 ? ? 9436160 ? 8e ?Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 ? ? ? ?20971520 ? ?41943039 ? ?10485760 ? 8e ?Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

3.? reboot重啟系統，查看當前分區類型，本例類型為xfs

# df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem ? ? Type 1K-blocks ? Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 ? ? ?xfs ? ?1038336 188240 ? ?850096 ?19% /boot

4.??在新磁盤上創建xfs文件系統

# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?isize=512 ? ?agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
? ? ? ? ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sectsz=512 ? attr=2, projid32bit=1
? ? ? ? ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? crc=1 ? ? ? ?finobt=0, sparse=0
data ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? bsize=4096 ? blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
? ? ? ? ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sunit=0 ? ? ?swidth=0 blks
naming ? =version 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?bsize=4096 ? ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log ? ? ?=internal log ? ? ? ? ? bsize=4096 ? blocks=2560, version=2
? ? ? ? ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sectsz=512 ? sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? extsz=4096 ? blocks=0, rtextents=0

5. 創建PV

# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /dev/sda2VG Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cl_server8PV Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiBAllocatable ? ? ? ? ? yes (but full)PE Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.00 MiBTotal PE ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2303Free PE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0Allocated PE ? ? ? ? ?2303PV UUID ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MlRwjY-TmVF-H8PV-heSz-ALGL-Q7sp-jFU6Al"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "14.00 GiB"--- NEW Physical volume ---PV Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /dev/sda3VG Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ??PV Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 14.00 GiBAllocatable ? ? ? ? ? NOPE Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 ??Total PE ? ? ? ? ? ? ?0Free PE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0Allocated PE ? ? ? ? ?0PV UUID ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0hmgH0-0wVg-jWUW-65WX-1TYb-sUGH-6jF1qm

6.?PV加入VG，vgextend后接VG Name，我的系統中為cl_server8

# vgdisplay--- Volume group ---VG Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? clSystem ID ? ? ? ? ? ??Format ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?lvm2Metadata Areas ? ? ? ?1Metadata Sequence No ?3VG Access ? ? ? ? ? ? read/writeVG Status ? ? ? ? ? ? resizableMAX LV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?0Cur LV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2Open LV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2Max PV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?0Cur PV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1Act PV ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1VG Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.00 GiBPE Size ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.00 MiBTotal PE ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2303Alloc PE / Size ? ? ? 2303 / 9.00 GiBFree ?PE / Size ? ? ? 0 / 0 ??VG UUID ? ? ? ? ? ? ? dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC# vgextend cl /dev/sda3

7.?VG加入LV

#?lvextend -l +6416 /dev/cl_server8/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 14.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents). Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.

+6416 ”和“/dev/cl_server8/root”來源詳解：?
“+6416 ”來自于vgdisplay命令的Free PE/Size字段:

# vgdisplay--- Volume group ---VG Name               cl...VG Size               25.99 GiBPE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              4862Alloc PE / Size       2303 / 9.00 GiBFree  PE / Size       6416 / 14.00 GiBVG UUID               dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC

“/dev/cl_server8/root”來自于lvdisplay命令的LV Path字段。?

# lvdisplay--- Logical volume ---LV Path                /dev/cl_server8/rootLV Name                rootVG Name                cl_server8LV UUID                1Y1Lm8-nEvY-pqyA-y4C4-eIZ5-Ix38-OgAUNSLV Write Access        read/writeLV Creation host, time server8, 2021-05-07 20:16:24 +0800LV Status              available# open                 2LV Size                4.00 GiBCurrent LE             1024Segments               1Allocation             inheritRead ahead sectors     auto- currently set to     8192Block device           253:1

?8.?調整文件系統大小，本例中是xfs文件系統使用xfs_growfs命令調整，若其他文件系統，如ext4使用resize2fs命令，注意區分。

# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks=                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25=                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2=                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 4716544

?9. 使用 df查看可以得到已經修改了

# df -h
Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                     866M     0  866M   0% /dev
tmpfs                        896M     0  896M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        896M   18M  878M   2% /run
tmpfs                        896M     0  896M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl_server8-root   36G  8.4G   27G  24% /
vmhgfs-fuse                  344G  105G  239G  31% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/sda1                    947M  239M  708M  26% /boot
tmpfs                        180M  1.2M  178M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                        180M  4.6M  175M   3% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0                     8.7G  8.7G     0 100% /run/media/zsc/CentOS-8-3-2011-x86_64-dvd