Linux如何查找大文件或目錄總結

轉載：http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/4391859.html

在Windows系統中，我們可以使用TreeSize工具查找一些大文件或文件夾，非常的方便高效，在Linux系統中，如何去搜索一些比較大的文件呢？下面我整理了一下在Linux系統中如何查找大文件或文件夾的方法。

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1： 如何查找大文件？

其實很多時候，你需要了解當前系統下有哪些大文件，比如文件大小超過100M或1G（閥值視具體情況而定）。那么如何把這些大文件搜索出來呢？例如我要搜索當前目錄下，超過800M大小的文件

[root@getlnx01 u03]# pwd
/u03
[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1
./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1
./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf
./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf
./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf
./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

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如上命令所示，我們僅僅能看到超過800M大小的文件的文件名稱，但是對文件的信息（例如，文件大小、文件屬性）一無所知，那么能否更詳細顯示一些文件屬性或信息呢，當然可以，如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M? -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar? 6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar? 6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar? 6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar? 6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar? 6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar? 6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar? 6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar? 6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar? 6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar? 6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar? 6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar? 6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar? 6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar? 6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr? 3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr? 1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr? 3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr? 3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr? 1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr? 4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr? 4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

當我們只需要查找超過800M大小文件，并顯示查找出來文件的具體大小，可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M? -print0 | xargs -0 du -h

1.3G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.1G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.2G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.2G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.5G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.1G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

1.3G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1004M?? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

2.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.0G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

8.1G??? ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

8.1G??? ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

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如果你還需要對查找結果按照文件大小做一個排序，那么可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M? -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

1004M?? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

8.1G??? ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

8.1G??? ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

4.1G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

4.0G??? ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

2.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

1.5G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.3G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.3G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.2G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.2G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.1G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.1G??? ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

不過如上截圖所示，有時候排列的順序并不完全是按大小一致，這個是因為du命令的參數h所致，你可以統一使用使用MB來顯示，這樣就能解決這個問題。到這里，這個在Linux系統查找大文件的命令已經非常完美了，當然如果你還有很多的需求，那么可以在這個命令上做修改、調整.

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2: 如何查找Linux下的大目錄

譬如有時候磁盤空間告警了，而你平時又疏于管理、監控文件的增長，那么我需要快速的了解哪些目錄變得比較大，那么此時我們可以借助du命令來幫我們解決這個問題。

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=1

16K???? ./lost+found

33G???? ./flash_recovery_area

37G???? ./oradata

70G???? .

如果你想知道flash_recovery_area目錄下面有哪些大文件夾，那么可以將參數max-depth=2 ，如果你想對搜索出來的結果進行排序，那么可以借助于sort命令。如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n

3.5G??? ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

16K???? ./lost+found

29G???? ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33G???? ./flash_recovery_area

37G???? ./oradata

37G???? ./oradata/epps

70G???? .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

1?????? ./lost+found

3527??? ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

29544?? ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33070?? ./flash_recovery_area

37705?? ./oradata

37705?? ./oradata/epps

70775?? .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# cd /

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有時候搜索出來的結果太多了（譬如，我從根目錄開始搜索），一直在刷屏，如果我只想查出最大的12個文件夾，怎么辦呢？此時就要借助head命令來顯示了

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12

407480? .

167880? ./u04

158685? ./u02/oradata

158685? ./u02

152118? ./u04/oradata

70775?? ./u03

37705?? ./u03/oradata

33070?? ./u03/flash_recovery_area

5995??? ./u01/app

5995??? ./u01

3551??? ./usr

1558??? ./usr/share

[root@getlnx01 /]#