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一、系統環境
yum update升級以后的系統版本為
[root@yl-web yl]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)
二、mysql安裝
一般網上給出的資料都是
#yum install mysql #yum install mysql-server #yum install mysql-devel
安裝mysql和mysql-devel都成功,但是安裝mysql-server失敗,如下:
[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mysql-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.sina.cn* extras: mirrors.sina.cn* updates: mirrors.sina.cn No package mysql-server available. Error: Nothing to do
查資料發現是CentOS 7 版本將MySQL數據庫軟件從默認的程序列表中移除,用mariadb代替了。
有兩種解決辦法:
1、方法一:安裝mariadb
MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支,主要由開源社區在維護,采用GPL授權許可。開發這個分支的原因之一是:甲骨文公司收購了MySQL后,有將MySQL閉源的潛在風險,因此社區采用分支的方式來避開這個風險。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能輕松成為MySQL的代替品。
安裝mariadb,大小59 M。
[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb
mariadb數據庫的相關命令是:
systemctl start mariadb ?#啟動MariaDB
systemctl stop mariadb ?#停止MariaDB
systemctl restart mariadb ?#重啟MariaDB
systemctl enable mariadb ?#設置開機啟動
所以先啟動數據庫
[root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb
然后就可以正常使用mysql了
[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]>
安裝mariadb后顯示的也是?MariaDB [(none)]>?,可能看起來有點不習慣。下面是第二種方法。
2、方法二:官網下載安裝mysql-server
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm # yum install mysql-community-server
安裝成功后重啟mysql服務。
# service mysqld restart
初次安裝mysql,root賬戶沒有密碼。
[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
設置密碼
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>
不需要重啟數據庫即可生效。
在mysql安裝過程中如下內容:
Installed:mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7??????????????? mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7?????????????? ?mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7????????????????? mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7????????????? ?Dependency Installed:mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?Replaced:mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0????????? mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0?? mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 ?mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0?
所以安裝完以后mariadb自動就被替換了,將不再生效。
[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb [root@yl-web yl]#
三、配置mysql
1、編碼
mysql配置文件為/etc/my.cnf
最后加上編碼配置
[mysql] default-character-set =utf8
這里的字符編碼必須和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。
2、遠程連接設置
把在所有數據庫的所有表的所有權限賦值給位于所有IP地址的root用戶。
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';
如果是新用戶而不是root,則要先新建用戶
mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';
此時就可以進行遠程連接了。