htt://3g.hn_根據我對“詢問HN：誰在招聘？”的分析，開發人員技能發展趨勢

htt://3g.hn

by Ryan Williams

瑞安·威廉姆斯(Ryan Williams)

For people learning to code and for experienced software developers alike, change is constant. There is always something new to learn. This includes programming languages, web frameworks, DevOps automation, mobile devices, front-end and back-end development, SQL and NoSQL databases, and so on.

對于學習編碼的人以及經驗豐富的軟件開發人員而言，變化是不變的。總會有一些新東西要學習。這包括編程語言，Web框架，DevOps自動化，移動設備，前端和后端開發，SQL和NoSQL數據庫等等。

I’ve been developing for 18 years. Even as I write this, I am learning about natural language processing, engineering management, Elixir, Docker and more. It never ends.

我已經開發了18年了。即使在撰寫本文時，我仍在學習自然語言處理，工程管理，Elixir，Docker等。它永遠不會結束。

But then again, maybe that’s one of the things that interested you about coding in the first place. It’s the rush of that initial “Hello World” that makes you feel creative and powerful at the same time. It’s exciting to feel that again and again when we work with new technologies.

但是話又說回來，也許這是您首先對編碼感興趣的一件事。最初的“ Hello World”急于使您同時具有創造力和力量。當我們使用新技術時，一次又一次感到如此令人興奮。

As a self-taught web developer who loves to learn new technologies, this aspect of software development has always fascinated me.

作為一個喜歡學習新技術的自學成才的Web開發人員，軟件開發的這一方面一直令我著迷。

A few years ago, I became curious about identifying emerging technologies and predicting them. So I created Hacker News Hiring Trends, or HN Hiring Trends for short. Hacker News is one of the most popular discussion boards for programmers. It is also one of the best places to discover new technologies. Every month Hacker News hosts a thread called “Ask HN: Who is Hiring?” Users also post jobs opportunities from their companies on this thread.

幾年前，我對確定新興技術并對其進行預測感到好奇。因此，我創建了Hacker News Hiring Trends或簡稱HN Hiring Trends。黑客新聞是最受程序員歡迎的討論區之一。它也是發現新技術的最佳場所之一。每個月，Hacker News都會主持一個名為“ Ask HN：招聘人員”的主題。用戶還可以在此線程上發布其公司的工作機會。

The fact that these job opportunities are posted monthly and that most are from start-ups (new technologies are usually created or used in start-ups) makes this the ideal environment to capture data. Data which can be used to discover trends.

這些工作機會每月發布一次，而且大多數來自初創企業(通常是在初創企業中創建或使用新技術)，這使它成為捕獲數據的理想環境。可用于發現趨勢的數據。

While there already existed projects which track of programming language trends, such as TIOBE’s programming language index and RedMonk’s Programming Language Rankings, something was missing. The focus was purely on programming languages. With so much involved in creating software today, programming languages is only one of many choices. Google Trends serves as another source of inspiration. But it’s scope is the entire Internet. Again, the HN postings present a focused dataset every month.

盡管已經存在跟蹤程序設計語言趨勢的項目，例如TIOBE的程序設計語言索引和RedMonk的程序設計語言排名，但是仍然缺少一些東西。重點僅在于編程語言。在當今創建軟件的過程中，有如此多的內容，編程語言只是眾多選擇之一。 Google趨勢是另一個靈感來源。但是它的范圍是整個Internet。同樣，HN職位每個月都會提供一個集中的數據集。

Now, let’s dig into the latest trends.

現在，讓我們來探討最新趨勢。

React的Swift崛起 (React’s rapid rise)

It’s a React world at the moment. It claims top spot in the rankings for both June and July 2017. React, the popular JavaScript library created by Facebook, and one that probably needs no introduction to the freeCodeCamp community, was only open sourced four years ago. Already it has climbed to the top of the chart. While this has been the most striking for the last couple of months, it’s also a trend that has been evident for some time. In June 2016 React reached the #2 spot in the rankings, and it was only getting hotter. It placed #1 for the first time in November 2016.

目前，這是一個React世界。它在2017年6月和2017年7月的排名中均名列前茅。React是Facebook創建的流行JavaScript庫，并且可能不需要對freeCodeCamp社區進行介紹，該庫僅在4年前開源。它已經爬到了圖表的頂部。盡管這是過去幾個月中最引人注目的，但這一趨勢在一段時間內也很明顯。在2016年6月，React到達了排名第二的位置，而且變得越來越熱。它在2016年11月首次排名第一。

JavaScript開發人員的困境 (The plight of a JavaScript developer)

The speed at which React is rising is fascinating. This also speaks to the larger trend in the JavaScript community. JavaScript developers embrace change more so than developers in other areas in software development. When we started tracking data, the adoption of AngularJS was skyrocketing up the chart like nothing else before it. But AngularJS has not been able to maintain its pace. It has been dropping over the last three years. Also dropping is the once red-hot JavaScript frameworks and libraries. This also includes Backbone.js, jQuery, and CoffeeScript. CoffeeScript disappeared altogether in the July 2017 postings.

React的上升速度令人著迷。這也說明了JavaScript社區的更大趨勢。 JavaScript開發人員比軟件開發其他領域的開發人員更能接受更改。當我們開始跟蹤數據時， AngularJS的采用使圖表Swift飆升。但是AngularJS仍無法保持其步伐。在過去三年中，它一直在下降。同樣丟棄的是曾經炙手可熱JavaScript框架和庫。這也包括Backbone.js ， jQuery和CoffeeScript 。 CoffeeScript在2017年7月的帖子中完全消失了。

History has not been kind to JavaScript frameworks and libraries. But where there is constant change, there is also opportunity for developers. We see that continue with relative newcomer Vue.js, which is beginning its climb up the chart.

歷史對JavaScript框架和庫并不友好。但是，在不斷變化的地方，開發人員也有機會。我們會看到相對較新的Vue.js繼續，它正在開始上升。

Additionally, as front-end development becomes more specialized and complicated, a whole new set of tools has emerged to glue together the different pieces of a modern JavaScript application. Examples of these emerging in the trends are webpack, Gulp and Bower.

此外，隨著前端開發變得更加專業化和復雜化，出現了一套全新的工具來將現代JavaScript應用程序的不同部分粘合在一起。 webpack ， Gulp和Bower是這些趨勢中涌現的例子。

爭奪服務器端 (Battle for the server side)

While the JavaScript community provides the most fireworks, many other trends are interesting to keep an eye too. In the server-side battle, Node.js and Ruby on Rails have been at it for years. Their back-and-forth competition is intense. In July 2017, we saw a significant victory for Node.js, while Rails had a strong showing in June 2017. So this one is long from over.

盡管JavaScript社區提供了最多的煙花，但也有許多其他趨勢值得關注。在服務器端之戰中， Node.js和Ruby on Rails已經存在多年了。他們來回的競爭非常激烈。在2017年7月，我們看到Node.js取得了重大勝利，而Rails在2017年6月取得了不錯的成績。

PostgreSQL無疑是數據庫的贏家 (PostgreSQL a clear database winner)

Choosing a database technology is the safest selection in the stack. There are plenty of mature choices available. Databases, particularly relational databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, have been around forever. They often outlast the other layers in an application. Nonetheless, one clear winner in these rankings has been PostgreSQL. Not only is it dominating MySQL now, but it is also beating MongoDB. And by the same margin. I was surprised that Heroku launched its PaaS with PostgreSQL as the primary database engine.

選擇數據庫技術是堆棧中最安全的選擇。有很多成熟的選擇。數據庫，尤其是關系數據庫(如MySQL和PostgreSQL )已經存在了很長時間。它們通常比應用程序中的其他層更持久。但是，在這些排名中，一個明顯的贏家是PostgreSQL。它不僅現在統治著MySQL，而且還擊敗了MongoDB 。并且以同樣的幅度。我很驚訝Heroku以PostgreSQL作為主要數據庫引擎啟動了PaaS。

Speaking of MongoDB, its popularity appears to be numbered. I question if PostgreSQL saved the relational database from the NoSQL revolution. Or did the concept burn itself out because developers went back to safer choices?

說到MongoDB，它的流行程度似乎已被編號。我質疑PostgreSQL是否從NoSQL革命中保存了關系數據庫。還是因為開發人員返回了更安全的選擇而使這個概念消失了？

移動的演變 (Mobile’s evolution)

It wasn’t too long ago, November 2016 to be exact, that iOS was a top 10 hiring term. Consistently in the top 20, iOS along with Android are still important development skills that hiring managers look for. But, there is a strong shift from native mobile development to hybrid, led by React Native. React Native has, in recent months, overtaken Swift, the primary programming language for native iOS development.

不久之前，確切地說是2016年11月，iOS成為十大招聘術語。在前20名中，iOS和Android始終是招聘經理尋找的重要開發技能。但是，在React Native的領導下，從本機移動開發向混合動力有了很大的轉變。最近幾個月，React Native已經超過了Swift ，后者是原生iOS開發的主要編程語言。

DevOps中的容器采用 (Container adoption within DevOps)

DevOps is another area that’s been hot in recent years. It is a top 10 term in job posting as well, with containers driving a lot of that growth. By containers, most think of the Docker, which is gaining ground fast and nearing the top 10. But, there’s also Kubernetes. It has been out for two years and is already approaching the top 20. With the rise of containers, which makes managing configuration and deployment easier, virtual machines are taking a hit. This can be seen in Vagrant’s declining popularity as a development environment tool.

DevOps是近年來熱門的另一個領域。它也是職位發布中的前十個術語，其中容器推動了這一增長。對于容器，大多數人都想到了Docker ，它正在Swift發展并接近前十名。但是，還有Kubernetes 。已經有兩年了，已經接近前20名。隨著容器的興起，這使得管理配置和部署變得更加容易，虛擬機受到了很大的沖擊。從Vagrant作為開發環境工具的受歡迎程度下降可以看出這一點。

框架來來去去，但語言永不消亡 (Frameworks come and go, but languages never die)

Of course, programming languages drive much of what we do as developers. But out of the top 20 terms in July 2017, only 5 are programming languages:

當然，編程語言驅動著我們作為開發人員的工作。但是在2017年7月的前20個術語中，只有5種是編程語言：

· Python (#2)

·Python(＃2)

· JavaScript (#3)

·JavaScript(＃3)

· Java (#8)

·Java(＃8)

· Ruby (#13)

·Ruby(＃13)

· C++ (#20)

·C ++(＃20)

But these languages have been at the top of the chart since the beginning. The first report, released in June 2013, shows JavaScript, Python, Java and Ruby in the top 10. Now, because there is a handful of languages remaining at the top, that doesn’t mean nothing is happening. Several languages that were introduced in the last few years are picking up steam, for example Go, Elixir, Rust, and Kotlin.

但是從一開始，這些語言就一直排在榜首。 2013年6月發布的第一份報告將JavaScript，Python，Java和Ruby排在前10名。現在，由于頂部僅剩少數語言，這并不意味著什么也沒有發生。最近幾年引入的幾種語言正在Swift發展，例如Go，Elixir，Rust和Kotlin。

下一件大事 (Next big thing)

What would a trends analysis today be without including artificial intelligence and machine learning? Over the last few years, we’ve seen most of the big tech companies embark on major AI initiatives. From self-driving cars to home assistants, these applications are making their way into our lives. But as developers, what does it mean?

如果不包括人工智能和機器學習，今天的趨勢分析將是什么？在過去的幾年中，我們已經看到大多數大型科技公司都在進行重大的AI計劃。從無人駕駛汽車到家庭助理，這些應用程序正在進入我們的生活。但是作為開發人員，這意味著什么？

Let’s take a look. Machine learning hit the #6 spot in July 2017 and is now mentioned in 12% of all postings. From the trends, you can see that machine learning and AI both experienced a significant upward spike. It means I need to open some new tabs.

讓我們來看看。機器學習在2017年7月排名第六位，現在在所有發布中占12％。從趨勢中，您可以看到機器學習和AI都經歷了顯著的上升。這意味著我需要打開一些新標簽。

Hacker News Hiring Trends publishes every month. Subscribe and you will receive the latest trends. Have a language, framework, or library that you think is missing? Leave a comment below or on Twitter. Also, check out ScoutZen to track trends and analyze tech communities.

黑客新聞招聘趨勢每月發布一次。訂閱，您將收到最新趨勢。您是否認為缺少一種語言，框架或庫？在下面或在Twitter上發表評論。另外，請查看ScoutZen以跟蹤趨勢并分析技術社區。