國家職業標準職業編碼查詢

by Amir Ghafouri

通過阿米爾·加富里(Amir Ghafouri)

為什么我學會編碼而不是從事金融職業 (Why I learned to code instead of pursuing a career in finance)

Last year I faced a major life and career decision: commit to pursuing a Chartered Financial Analyst designation or spend my time learning to code online at a website called freeCodeCamp. The CFA institute had been around for decades and its designation was sought by some of the world’s most successful business people. freeCodeCamp had been around for just a couple of years with a few token members who claimed they had landed jobs as junior software developers.

去年，我面臨著一個重大的生活和職業決策：致力于追求特許金融分析師的稱號，或者花時間在一個名為freeCodeCamp的網站上學習在線編碼。 CFA研究所已經存在了幾十年，并且一些世界上最成功的商人正在尋求其任命。 freeCodeCamp成立僅兩年了，有一些代幣會員聲稱他們找到了初級軟件開發人員的工作。

I spent 4 years studying business at Western University, graduated with honors, and accumulated a mountain of student loan debt along the way. My GMAT score was in the 95th percentile if I ever wanted to pursue an MBA. Why would I give up on my field of academic study before I had even started my career?

我在西方大學學習了4年的業務，以優異的成績畢業，并在此期間積累了大量的學生貸款債務。如果我想攻讀MBA，我的GMAT成績在第95個百分點。為什么在我開始事業之前就放棄學術研究？

After consulting with friends, family, and other professionals, the advice I received was unanimous. Learning to code online and becoming a software developer without a computer science degree or any background in engineering was crazy-person talk. I should hurry up and register for the CFA Level I exam.

與朋友，家人和其他專業人士進行咨詢之后，我收到的建議是一致的。在沒有計算機科學學位或任何工程背景的情況下，學習在線編碼并成為軟件開發人員簡直是瘋子。我應該趕快報名參加CFA I級考試。

軟件對于價值創造正變得至關重要 (Software is becoming crucial to value creation)

I had read the famous Marc Andreessen essay Why Software Is Eating The World, and 5 years later his message seemed only more true.

我讀過著名的馬克·安德森(Marc Andreessen)的論文《為什么軟件正在吞噬世界》，五年后，他的信息似乎更加真實。

America’s largest industrial company, General Electric, had just announced that it was moving its headquarters. It was setting up in Boston’s tech hub in an effort to transform itself into a top 10 software company by 2020. CEO Jeff Immelt had some groundbreaking beliefs. He was convinced that the data they could capture while using their machinery might become more valuable than the machinery itself. GE needed to think of its competitors as Amazon and IBM. Later that year, he would announce that all new hires would learn to code (but I didn’t know that at the time).

美國最大的工業公司通用電氣剛剛宣布將搬遷總部。它成立于波士頓的技術中心，以努力在2020年之前成為十大軟件公司。首席執行官Jeff Immelt有一些突破性的信念。他堅信，他們在使用機器時可以捕獲的數據可能比機器本身更有價值。 GE需要將其競爭對手視為Amazon和IBM。那年下半年，他宣布所有新員工將學習編碼 (但當時我還不知道)。

As the New York Times elaborated, “Employees companywide have been making pilgrimages to San Ramon for technology briefings, but also to soak in the culture. Their marching orders are to try to adapt the digital wizardry and hurry-up habits of Silicon Valley to G.E.’s world of industrial manufacturing.”

正如《紐約時報》所闡述的那樣：“全公司的員工一直在朝圣拉蒙(San Ramon)進行朝圣，進行技術簡報，同時也沉浸在這種文化中。他們的進軍命令是試圖使數字化的巫術和匆忙的習慣適應GE的工業制造世界。”

Deloitte had launched a blockchain lab and JP Morgan was building its own blockchain platform. At Goldman Sachs, the percentage of employees who had a background in some area of technology had increased from 5% to 25% in recent years. This didn’t even count the software developers who worked for the startups it was investing in at an increasingly rapid pace.

德勤已經啟動了一個區塊鏈實驗室，而摩根大通正在構建自己的區塊鏈平臺。在高盛，擁有某些技術背景的員工比例近年來已從5％增加到25％。這甚至不包括為它所投資的新興公司工作的軟件開發人員的步伐越來越快。

The Economist stated that, “Not all that long ago, 600 people worked on a vast floor trading shares… Now, Goldman has 2 people who trade equities and another 200 software engineers who work on systems that, in effect, do the job on their own. Traditional investment-banking is ripe for change as well…Costly, redundant steps are being cut or, once again, automated.”

經濟學家說， “不是很久以前，有600個人在大量的場內交易份額上工作…… 現在，高盛有2個人在進行股票交易，還有另外200位軟件工程師在系統上工作，這些系統實際上是自己完成工作。 傳統的投資銀行業也已經為變革做好了準備…… 昂貴，多余的步驟被削減或再次實現自動化。”

Bloomberg had its own thoughts on the matter: “Why would Goldman let these outsiders in? It needs them. The great innovations of our time aren’t emerging out of a Henry Cobb glass tower overlooking the Hudson River. They’re coming out of companies such as Kensho. Goldman needs to learn from them — to understand how they work, how they think, and how they plan to dismantle just about every industry Goldman makes money in, including its own.”

彭博對此有自己的想法：“高盛為什么要讓這些局外人進入？它需要它們。俯瞰哈德遜河的亨利·科布玻璃塔并不是我們這個時代的偉大創新。他們來自Kensho等公司。高盛需要向他們學習—了解他們的工作方式，思維方式以及打算如何拆除幾乎所有高盛賺錢的行業，包括自己的行業。”

Software companies like Facebook and Google had rocketed to the top of the stock market in a very short amount of time, unseating incumbents which needed decades to get there.

像Facebook和Google這樣的軟件公司在很短的時間內就躍升到了股票市場的頂端，從而失去了需要數十年才能到達的老牌公司。

And it was hard to argue that those valuations were unjustified. The software these companies had built was enabling each of their employees to create so much more value.

很難說這些估值是不合理的。這些公司構建的軟件使每個員工都可以創造更多的價值。

軟件使世界變得更美好 (Software is making the world a better place)

I rely on software every single day to get around, organize my day, communicate with friends, stay in touch with relatives, and generally liberate me from having to do repetitive and cumbersome tasks. The internet had democratized access to information and knowledge, and I was using it to read and learn about anything I wanted.

我每天都依靠軟件來四處走走，組織我的一天，與朋友交流，與親戚保持聯系，并且使我從執行重復繁瑣的任務中解放出來。互聯網使信息和知識的獲取變得民主化，我正在使用它來閱讀和了解我想要的任何東西。

But I knew that these benefits were nothing compared to what it was doing for other people and what it could do in the future. Chris Dixon wrote an article called Eleven Reasons to be Excited About the Future of Technology, which aggregated some of these potential breakthroughs. He discusses how self-driving cars could reduce accident-frequency rates by 80% (1.25 million people die from car-related injuries every year). He describes cancer-detection algorithms which could outperform human pathologists. He tells us about drones which could deliver medical supplies to remote villages.

但是我知道，與其他人所做的事情以及將來可以做的事情相比，這些好處無濟于事。克里斯·迪克森(Chris Dixon)撰寫了一篇名為《對技術的未來感到興奮的十一個理由》的文章，匯總了其中一些潛在的突破。他討論了自動駕駛汽車如何將事故頻率降低80％ (每年有125萬人死于與汽車相關的傷害)。他描述了可能優于人類病理學家的癌癥檢測算法。他向我們介紹了可以將醫療用品運送到偏遠村莊的無人機。

“Right now, a Masai warrior on a mobile phone in the middle of Kenya has better mobile communications than the president did 25 years ago. If he’s on a smart phone using Google, he has access to more information than the U.S. president did just 15 years ago.” — Peter Diamandis

“目前，肯尼亞中部的移動電話上的馬賽族戰士比25年前的總統擁有更好的移動通信能力。如果他使用的是使用Google的智能手機，那么他將獲得比15年前的美國總統更多的信息。” —彼得·迪亞曼迪斯(Peter Diamandis)

許多軟件開發人員沒有在傳統大學學習編碼 (Many software developers didn’t learn to code at a traditional university)

I read a lot about these people. Ex-Goldman Sachs investment banker Preethi Kasireddy wrote about leaving her job as a venture capitalist at Andreessen Horowitz to enroll in a coding bootcamp. She became a software developer at Coinbase shortly after. Ex-poker pro Haseeb Qureshi described how he came up through the App Academy coding bootcamp to become a software developer at Airbnb. Then I heard about a guy named Andrew Charlebois. He used freeCodeCamp to go from carpenter with zero tech experience to software developer at a global advertising agency in under 5 months.

我對這些人有很多了解。前高盛投資銀行家Preethi Kasireddy寫道，離開安德森·霍洛維茨(Andreessen Horowitz)的風險投資家職位，參加編碼訓練營。此后不久，她成為Coinbase的軟件開發人員。前撲克職業玩家Haseeb Qureshi講述了他如何通過App Academy編碼訓練營成為Airbnb的軟件開發人員。然后我聽說了一個叫安德魯·沙勒波瓦的人。他使用freeCodeCamp在不到5個月的時間內從擁有零技術經驗的木匠轉變為一家全球廣告代理商的軟件開發人員。

I started looking at the job postings for software developers and noticed that many seemed impartial towards any particular bachelor’s degree. Some companies would explicitly leave out any mention of a degree in the requirements section, and instead expressed a preference for open-source portfolios.

我開始查看針對軟件開發人員的職位發布，并發現許多職位似乎對任何特定的學士學位都是公正的。一些公司會在要求部分中明確提及學位，而對開放源代碼組合表示偏愛。

I also started going to tech events where I met actual software developers and CTOs for the first time. Many — if not most — told me they had never studied computer science or engineering at a university.

我也開始參加技術活動，第一次見到了實際的軟件開發人員和CTO。許多(即使不是大多數)告訴我，他們從未在大學學習過計算機科學或工程學。

All of this was confirmed when I found the results of Stack Overflow’s 2016 survey of over 50,000 software developers. More than half of the respondents did not have a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or a related discipline, and 13% claimed to be entirely self-taught.

所有這一切的時候，我發現了確認結果堆棧溢出的50000軟件開發商2016年的調查。超過一半的受訪者沒有計算機科學或相關學科的學士學位，而13％的受訪者聲稱是完全自學的。

我的決定 (My decision)

I continued applying to a wide range of more traditional jobs. I wanted to appease my father, but I was also worried that I would run out of savings before I could land a job as a software developer.

我繼續申請各種更傳統的工作。我想安撫父親，但我也擔心，在我找到軟件開發人員之前，我的積蓄會用光。

Despite this, the path to take was clear: I believed that software was the future and wanted to learn how to help build some of it. Even if I didn’t become a professional, at least I’d finally be able to wrap my head around how all this magic was possible. I didn’t want to rely on something I had never even made an effort to understand. In fact, it felt irresponsible to do so.

盡管如此，走的路很明確：我相信軟件是未來，并想學習如何幫助構建其中的一些。即使我沒有成為專業人士，至少我最終還是可以將所有這些魔術變成可能。我不想依靠我從未努力理解的東西。實際上，這樣做是不負責任的。

學習編碼 (Learning to code)

I spent 8 months, 24/7, learning to code. I followed the freeCodeCamp curriculum and read books like Eloquent Javascript. I watched Udemy and Udacity videos, Googled StackOverflow answers, asked questions on the freeCodeCamp chat room. And I went to as many Node School workshops and Coffee’n’Code meet ups as I could.

我花了8個月的時間(24/7)學習編碼。我遵循freeCodeCamp課程并閱讀了Eloquent Javascript之類的書。我在freeCodeCamp聊天室中觀看了Udemy和Udacity視頻，Googled StackOverflow答案以及常見問題。我去了盡可能多的Node School研討會和Coffee'n'Code聚會。

After 8 months I had put together a portfolio of simple client-side web applications. I had also started learning about server-side web applications and data persistence. I began applying for junior software developer positions. It was amazing how much interest I received despite being fully transparent about my lack of skill and experience.

8個月后，我整理了一組簡單的客戶端Web應用程序。我還開始學習服務器端Web應用程序和數據持久性。我開始申請初級軟件開發人員職位。盡管對我缺乏技巧和經驗完全透明，但我收到了多少興趣，這真是令人驚訝。

Eventually, a startup called Shoelace brought me in for an interview. They asked me afterwards if I would be willing to do a two week paid trial. At the end of the two weeks, the CTO told me that they wanted to hire me. I was very junior, but they felt that I had the potential to learn quickly and grow into the role.

最終，一家名為Shoelace的初創公司將我帶去接受采訪。之后，他們問我是否愿意接受為期兩周的付費試用。在兩周結束時，CTO告訴我他們想雇用我。我當時還很初級，但是他們覺得我有潛力快速學習并逐漸成為這個角色。

今天 (Today)

I have been working full-time at Shoelace as a software developer for over a year. I’ve learned quickly since I work with other experienced developers whom I can ask for help. They introduced me to tools and patterns that would have taken me way longer to find out about on my own.

我作為軟件開發人員在Shoelace從事全職工作超過一年。自從我與其他經驗豐富的開發人員合作以來，我很快就學到了東西，他們可以尋求幫助。他們向我介紹了一些工具和模式，這些工具和模式將使我花費更多的時間自行查找。

Most importantly, working on an app that’s actually in production has exposed me to some of the more practical aspects of software development. I’ve learned about sprint planning, working with a product manager’s specification, version control, testing, code review, deployment, error logging and app monitoring. These were all things I had never really thought about while I was learning to code on my own.

最重要的是，在實際生產中的應用程序上工作使我接觸了軟件開發的一些更實際的方面。我已經了解了Sprint計劃，如何使用產品經理的規范，版本控制，測試，代碼審查，部署，錯誤日志記錄和應用程序監視。這些都是我自己學習編碼時從未真正想到的事情。

Earlier this year, I built a web app called Spotifest to help my friends and me create Spotify playlists based off of music festival lineups. Nothing feels better than building something and watching people use it to become faster or better at something they were doing manually before.

今年早些時候，我構建了一個名為Spotifest的網絡應用，以幫助我和我的朋友們根據音樂節的陣容創建Spotify播放列表。沒有什么比建造一件東西更好，并且看著人們使用它變得更快或更擅長于他們以前手動做的事情。

看著公司成長 (Watching the company grow)

When I started working at Shoelace, I was the 3rd full-time employee. Now we are hiring and will soon have 18 people. I’ve been able to witness a small team come up with new ideas everyday and then rapidly develop product to attract new users and raise venture capital.

當我開始在Shoelace工作時，我是第三位全職員工。現在我們正在招聘，并將很快有18人。我已經見證了一個小團隊每天提出新想法，然后Swift開發產品以吸引新用戶并籌集風險投資。

Earlier this year, we were accepted into the 500 Startups seed program. The founders of my company gave us all the opportunity to spend a month living in San Francisco and working out of the offices there. Experiencing the energy of Silicon Valley and the Bay Area for the first time was exhilarating!

今年早些時候，我們被納入500 Startups種子計劃。我公司的創始人給了我們所有的機會，讓他們在舊金山生活一個月并在辦公室工作。第一次體驗硅谷和灣區的能量令人振奮！

I’m not sure that I’ll choose to make my living as a software developer forever, but I know that my ability to code will always be a significant asset. I think that every company is becoming a tech company. An increasing number of roles are going to require at least a basic understanding of software development in order to make strategic decisions and manage teams effectively.

我不確定是否會選擇永遠作為軟件開發人員來謀生，但我知道我的編碼能力將永遠是一項重要資產。我認為每個公司都在成為科技公司。越來越多的角色將需要至少對軟件開發有基本的了解，以便做出戰略決策并有效地管理團隊。

Life is great, and I’m so glad I made the effort do this. Fixing bugs can be stressful, and writing unit tests can be tedious. But overall, I really enjoy this new-found ability to bring my ideas to life with code.

生活很美好，我很高興我為此付出了很多努力。修復錯誤可能會很麻煩，編寫單元測試可能很乏味。但是總的來說，我真的很喜歡這種新發現的功能，可以通過代碼將我的想法變為現實。

As Paul Graham said: “In 1970 a company president meant someone in their fifties, at least. If they had technologists working for them, they were treated like a racing stable: prized, but not powerful. But as technology has grown more important, the power of nerds has grown to reflect it. Now it’s not enough for a CEO to have someone smart they can ask about technical matters. Increasingly, they have to be that person themselves.”

正如保羅·格雷厄姆(Paul Graham) 所說：“在1970年，公司總裁至少意味著五十多歲的人。如果他們有技術專家為他們工作，他們將被視為賽車場：珍貴但不強大。但是，隨著技術變得越來越重要，書呆子的力量也日益體現出來。現在，僅CEO擁有一個能問技術問題的聰明人還不夠。他們越來越必須自己成為那個人。”

If you enjoyed this article, please give me some claps so more people see it.

如果您喜歡這篇文章，請給我一些鼓掌，以便更多的人看到。

And you can follow me on Twitter here. Thanks!

您可以在Twitter上關注我。謝謝！