Android Touch Screen 與傳統Click Touch Screen不同,會有一些手勢(Gesture),例如Fling,Scroll等等。這些Gesture會使用戶體驗大大提升。Android中的Gesture識別(detector)是通過GestureDetector.OnGestureListener接口實現的。
首先,Android事件處理機制是基于Listener實現的,比如觸摸屏相關的事件,就是通過onTouchListener實現;
其次,所有View的子類都可以通過setOnTouchListener()、setOnKeyListener()等方法來添加對某一類事件的Listener;
第三,Listener一般會以Interface的方式來提供,其中包含一個或多個abstract方法,我們需要實現這些方法來完成onTouch()、onKey()等操作。這樣,程序便可以在特定的事件被dispatch到該view的時候,通過callback函數給予適當的響應。
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1. Touch Screen Click舉例
- public?class?MyGesture?extends?Activity?implements?OnTouchListener?{??
- ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.main);??
- ????????TextView?tv?=?(TextView)?findViewById(R.id.tv);??
- ????????tv.setOnTouchListener(this);??
- ????}??
- ????public?boolean?onTouch(View?v,?MotionEvent?event)?{??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"Touch?Touch",?Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();??
- ????????return?false;??
- ????}??
- }??
我們可以通過MotionEvent的getAction()方法來獲取Touch事件的類型,包括 ACTION_DOWN(按下觸摸屏), ACTION_MOVE(按下觸摸屏后移動受力點), ACTION_UP(松開觸摸屏)和ACTION_CANCEL(不會由用戶直接觸發)。借助對于用戶不同操作的判斷,結合getRawX()、getRawY()、getX()和getY()等方法來獲取坐標后,我們可以實現諸如拖動某一個按鈕,拖動滾動條等功能。
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2. 回到今天的重點,當我們捕捉到Touch操作的時候,如何識別出用戶的Gesture?這里我們需要GestureDetector.OnGestureListener接口的幫助,代碼如下:
- public?class?MyGesture?extends?Activity?implements?OnTouchListener,?OnGestureListener?{??
- ????private?GestureDetector?mGestureDetector;??
- ????public?MyGesture()?{??
- ????????mGestureDetector?=?new?GestureDetector(this);??
- ????}??
- ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.main);??
- ????????TextView?tv?=?(TextView)?findViewById(R.id.tv);??
- ????????tv.setOnTouchListener(this);??
- ????????tv.setFocusable(true);??
- ????????tv.setClickable(true);??
- ????????tv.setLongClickable(true);??
- ????????mGestureDetector.setIsLongpressEnabled(true);??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????/*?
- ?????*?在onTouch()方法中,我們調用GestureDetector的onTouchEvent()方法,將捕捉到的MotionEvent交給GestureDetector?
- ?????*?來分析是否有合適的callback函數來處理用戶的手勢?
- ?????*/???
- ????public?boolean?onTouch(View?v,?MotionEvent?event)?{??
- ????????return?mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????//?用戶輕觸觸摸屏,由1個MotionEvent?ACTION_DOWN觸發??
- ????public?boolean?onDown(MotionEvent?arg0)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onDown");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onDown",?Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();??
- ????????return?true;??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????/*?
- ?????*?用戶輕觸觸摸屏,尚未松開或拖動,由一個1個MotionEvent?ACTION_DOWN觸發?
- ?????*?注意和onDown()的區別,強調的是沒有松開或者拖動的狀態?
- ?????*/??
- ????public?void?onShowPress(MotionEvent?e)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onShowPress");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onShowPress",?Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????//?用戶(輕觸觸摸屏后)松開,由一個1個MotionEvent?ACTION_UP觸發??
- ????public?boolean?onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent?e)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onSingleTapUp");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onSingleTapUp",?Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();??
- ????????return?true;??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????//?用戶按下觸摸屏、快速移動后松開,由1個MotionEvent?ACTION_DOWN,?多個ACTION_MOVE,?1個ACTION_UP觸發??
- ????public?boolean?onFling(MotionEvent?e1,?MotionEvent?e2,?float?velocityX,?float?velocityY)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onFling");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onFling",?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????????return?true;??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????//?用戶按下觸摸屏,并拖動,由1個MotionEvent?ACTION_DOWN,?多個ACTION_MOVE觸發??
- ????public?boolean?onScroll(MotionEvent?e1,?MotionEvent?e2,?float?distanceX,?float?distanceY)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onScroll");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onScroll",?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????????return?true;??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????//?用戶長按觸摸屏,由多個MotionEvent?ACTION_DOWN觸發??
- ????public?void?onLongPress(MotionEvent?e)?{??
- ????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onLongPress");??
- ????????Toast.makeText(this,?"onLongPress",?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????}??
- }??
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3. Fling事件的處理代碼:除了第一個觸發Fling的ACTION_DOWN和最后一個ACTION_MOVE中包含的坐標等信息外,我們還可以根據用戶在X軸或者Y軸上的移動速度作為條件。比如下面的代碼中我們就在用戶移動超過100個像素,且X軸上每秒的移動速度大于200像素時才進行處理。
?這個例子中,tv.setLongClickable(
?true
?)是必須的,因為
?只有這樣,view才能夠處理不同于Tap(輕觸)的hold(即ACTION_MOVE,或者多個ACTION_DOWN),我們同樣可以通過layout定義中的android:longClickable來做到這一點。
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4. SimpleOnGestureListener
- public?class?MyGesture?extends?Activity?implements?OnTouchListener?{ ??
- ????private?GestureDetector?mGestureDetector; ??
- ????public?MyGesture()?{ ??
- ????????mGestureDetector?=?new?GestureDetector(new?MySimpleGesture()); ??
- ????} ??
- ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{ ??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.main); ??
- ????????TextView?tv?=?(TextView)?findViewById(R.id.tv); ??
- ????????tv.setOnTouchListener(this); ??
- ????????tv.setFocusable(true); ??
- ????????tv.setClickable(true); ??
- ????????tv.setLongClickable(true); ??
- ????} ??
- ????public?boolean?onTouch(View?v,?MotionEvent?event)?{ ??
- ????????if?(event.getAction()?==?MotionEvent.ACTION_UP)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"MotionEvent.ACTION_UP"); ??
- ????????} ??
- ????????return?mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event); ??
- ????} ??
- ???? ??
- ????//?SimpleOnGestureListener?implements?GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener,?GestureDetector.OnGestureListener??
- ????private?class?MySimpleGesture?extends?SimpleOnGestureListener?{ ??
- ????????//?雙擊的第二下Touch?down時觸發????
- ????????public?boolean?onDoubleTap(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onDoubleTap"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onDoubleTap(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????//?雙擊的第二下Touch?down和up都會觸發,可用e.getAction()區分???
- ????????public?boolean?onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onDoubleTapEvent"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onDoubleTapEvent(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????//?Touch?down時觸發????
- ????????public?boolean?onDown(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onDown"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onDown(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????//?Touch了滑動一點距離后,up時觸發???
- ????????public?boolean?onFling(MotionEvent?e1,?MotionEvent?e2,?float?velocityX,?float?velocityY)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onFling"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onFling(e1,?e2,?velocityX,?velocityY); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????//?Touch了不移動一直Touch?down時觸發???
- ????????public?void?onLongPress(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onLongPress"); ??
- ????????????super.onLongPress(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????//?Touch了滑動時觸發???
- ????????public?boolean?onScroll(MotionEvent?e1,?MotionEvent?e2,?float?distanceX,?float?distanceY)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onScroll"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onScroll(e1,?e2,?distanceX,?distanceY); ??
- ????????} ??
- ???????? ??
- ????????/*??
- ?????????*?Touch了還沒有滑動時觸發??
- ?????????*?(1)onDown只要Touch?Down一定立刻觸發??
- ?????????*?(2)Touch?Down后過一會沒有滑動先觸發onShowPress再觸發onLongPress??
- ?????????*?So:?Touch?Down后一直不滑動,onDown?->?onShowPress?->?onLongPress這個順序觸發。??
- ?????????*/??
- ????????public?void?onShowPress(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onShowPress"); ??
- ????????????super.onShowPress(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ??
- ????????/*??
- ?????????*?兩個函數都是在Touch?Down后又沒有滑動(onScroll),又沒有長按(onLongPress),然后Touch?Up時觸發??
- ?????????*?點擊一下非常快的(不滑動)Touch?Up:?onDown->onSingleTapUp->onSingleTapConfirmed??
- ?????????*?點擊一下稍微慢點的(不滑動)Touch?Up:?onDown->onShowPress->onSingleTapUp->onSingleTapConfirmed???
- ?????????*/? ??
- ????????public?boolean?onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onSingleTapConfirmed"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onSingleTapConfirmed(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ????????public?boolean?onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent?e)?{ ??
- ????????????Log.i("MyGesture",?"onSingleTapUp"); ??
- ????????????return?super.onSingleTapUp(e); ??
- ????????} ??
- ????} ??
- }