永不丟失照片：防彈照片備份的完整指南

There’s nothing as precious and irreplaceable as your personal photos and, with a little forethought and planning, there’s no reason to ever feel the heartbreak of losing even a single one of them to theft, broken devices, or disaster.

沒有比您的個人照片更珍貴和不可替代的東西了，而且只要經過深思熟慮和精心計劃，就沒有理由感到失落，失竊，設備損壞或災難的傷心欲絕。

您可以更換所有東西，但您的照片除外 (You Can Replace Everything But Your Photos)

Insurance money will buy you a new computer if your house burns down. You can get a new phone if yours goes missing on the subway or takes a cold dip off the side of a boat. Financial documents can even be downloaded again from your bank. As miserable as it is to fix small problems like these, almost all the hardware and digital trappings of our lives can easily be rebuilt.

如果您的房屋被燒毀，保險金將為您購買新計算機。如果您的地鐵不見了或者從船邊掉下來了，可以換個新電話。財務文件甚至可以從您的銀行再次下載。解決諸如此類的小問題雖然很痛苦，但我們生活中幾乎所有的硬件和數字陷阱都可以輕松地重建。

What you can’t do, however, is replace your photos if you lose them. With a single accident or hardware failure, that photo you love so much of your child but never got around to backing up?is gone in the digital ether forever. Even worse is knowing that, after it happens, it would have been completely preventable if you’d just backed the damn things up.

但是，如果丟失，您將無法更換照片。由于一次事故或硬件故障，這張照片讓您的孩子如此之多，卻從未得到過備份，因此永遠不會出現在數字以太網中。更糟糕的是，知道發生這種情況之后，如果您只是支持該死的事情，那將是完全可以避免的。

So today, we’re here to arm you with a multi-prong plan to ensure that nothing short of the end of the world as we know it (and perhaps not even that) will separate you from photos of your friends and family. ?Let’s start by learning some basic backup concepts and then jump into an clear actionable plan to secure all our photos.

因此，今天，我們在這里為您提供一個多管齊下的計劃，以確保我們所知道的世界末日(甚至可能不會)將您與您的朋友和家人的照片區分開。讓我們從學習一些基本的備份概念開始，然后跳入一個明確的可行計劃來保護我們所有的照片。

防彈備份計劃：本地和遠程，冷熱備份 (The Bulletproof Backup Plan: Local and Remote, Hot and Cold)

“Backup” is a broad (and usually misunderstood) term. Not only are we going to show you how to properly backup your photos but we’re going to highlight some key backup concepts along the way so you know?why we’re backing things up the way we are.

“備份”是一個廣義的術語(通常被誤解)。我們不僅會向您展示如何正確備份照片，而且還將在此過程中重點介紹一些關鍵備份概念，以便您了解我們為什么要以自己的方式進行備份。

Before anything else, though we want you to understand one thing above all else: file syncing is not backup.?A true backup is a copy of your file that isn’t linked to the state of the original. If you have photos from your kid’s Little League games on your computer?and you burned them to a DVD, then that DVD is backup because the photos exist in two places and deleting them from your computer won’t delete them from the DVD.

首先，盡管我們希望您首先了解一件事：文件同步不是backup 。真正的備份是未鏈接到原始狀態的文件副本。如果您有您的計算機上你的孩子的小聯盟比賽的照片以及它們刻錄到DVD，則該DVD是備份，因為在兩個地方存在，從計算機中刪除它們將不會從DVD刪除這些照片。

When you sync files, however, with a service like Dropbox,?whatever happens to one file happens to the other. You put a file in your Dropbox folder and it is automatically copied to the Dropbox servers. Feels like a backup, right? Except if?you delete that file by accident,?unless you notice that the file is gone within 30 day recovery window, the file is gone forever. While your photo backup routine can involve a service that syncs files, it should always also involve a service or method that creates a real stand alone backup that will stick around if the original file doesn’t.

但是，當您使用Dropbox之類的服務同步文件時，一個文件發生的一切都會發生在另一個文件上。您將文件放在Dropbox文件夾中，該文件會自動復制到Dropbox服務器。感覺像個備份吧？除非您意外刪除了該文件，否則除非您在30天的恢復窗口內注意到該文件已消失，否則該文件將永遠消失。當你的照片備份程序可以涉及到同步文件服務，它應該永遠也涉及到創建一個真正獨立的備份，如果原文件沒有將堅持圍繞服務或方法。

With that in mind,?our very first order of business to ensure that we have duplicate copies of every photo we wish to preserve.

考慮到這一點，我們的第一要務是確保我們要保留的每張照片都有重復的副??本。

立即創建本地備份 (Create a Local Backup Immediately)

The absolute first thing you should do, if you don’t have one already, is create a local backup of all your photos. When it comes to convenience you can’t top a good local backup: it’s close by?and very fast.

如果您還沒有一個絕對的第一件事，那就是創建所有照片的本地備份。為了方便起見，您無法獲得良好的本地備份：它在附近并且非常快。

If your photos aren’t all in one place already, it’s time to collect them. This means you need to gather up all those SD cards from your camera you’ve been meaning to sort through, all the devices with photos stored on them (like you and your spouse’s smartphones), your laptop with those vacation photos from last year you never copied over to your desktop, and so on. Take a moment to think of?everywhere you have photos scattered about (including places you probably have thought about in ages, like that old smartphone sitting in your desk drawer).?Copy all those photos to a single folder on your computer, so it’s easy to organize them and back them up.

如果您的照片還不是全部放在一個地方，那么該是時候收集它們了。這意味著您需要從您一直想進行分類的相機中收集所有這些SD卡，所有存儲有照片的設備(例如您和配偶的智能手機)，筆記本電腦以及去年的假期照片，永遠不會復制到您的桌面上，依此類推。花點時間想想您到處散布著照片的地方(包括您可能想過的地方，例如坐在辦公桌抽屜中的舊智能手機)。將所有這些照片復制到計算機上的單個文件夾中，以便輕松組織和備份它們。

Then, back all those photos up to an external drive. That’s it.?You can back up the files manually, by dragging and dropping them, or you can use software like?Windows’ built-in File History function?or Crashplan, our favorite backup utility. (The best part is that Crashplan?is that you can?create local backups to folders, drives, and network drives, or even a friend’s house?without paying for the service.)

然后，將所有這些照片備份到外部驅動器。而已。您可以通過拖放來手動備份文件，也可以使用Windows內置的“文件歷史記錄”功能或我們最喜歡的備份實用程序Crashplan之類的軟件。 (最好的部分是Crashplan是您可以創建本地備份到文件夾，驅動器和網絡驅動器，甚至是朋友家中，而無需支付服務費用。)

If you only have one external drive, we recommend leaving it unplugged when you aren’t using it. This is known as cold storage, and ensures your backups aren’t at the mercy of things like an electrical surge or malware attacking your computer. However, you can also use that external drive as hot storage—always plugged in to your PC—though we recommend getting a second external drive and using one as hot storage and one as cold storage, for extra security against computer crashes. (Don’t forget that external drives are cheap, and?you can turn old hard drives into external drives on the cheap.)

如果您只有一個外部驅動器，建議您在不使用它時拔下電源。這稱為冷存儲，可確保您的備份不受電涌或惡意軟件攻擊計算機的影響。但是，您也可以將該外部驅動器用作熱存儲設備(始終插入您的PC中)，盡管我們建議您購買第二個外部驅動器，并使用一個作為熱存儲設備，將一個作為冷存儲設備，以防止計算機崩潰。 (不要忘了外部驅動器很便宜，而且您可以將舊硬盤變成便宜的外部驅動器。)

If you use two drives, we recommend?rotating the hot and cold drives each week, so there is a complete backup on each one.

如果您使用兩個驅動器，我們建議每周旋轉熱驅動器和冷驅動器，因此每個驅動器上都有一個完整的備份。

也將所有內容備份到云 (Back Up Everything to the Cloud, Too)

Once you have a local backup secured, and there is no risk that a single hard drive crash is going to wipe out your whole collection, the next step is to back up to the cloud. This is very important: local backups aren’t enough. If?all the backups are physically in your home, then a fire can destroy them all in one swoop and you’ll lose those family photos forever. If you don’t have at least one offsite backup location, you’re not backing up properly.

一旦您保護了本地備份，并且沒有任何硬盤崩潰將使您的整個數據庫崩潰的風險，下一步就是備份到云中。這非常重要：本地備份還不夠。如果所有備份都在您家里，那么大火會一口氣將其全部摧毀，您將永遠失去這些家庭照片。如果您至少沒有一個異地備份位置，則說明備份不正確。

We recommend a service like?CrashPlan or Carbonite, which is designed to back up your entire computer (which you should be doing anyway). They usually cost around?$5-6 a month or so. If purchasing a subscription to the aforementioned services or similar is in your budget, by all means do so as it kills two birds with one stone: you’ll be backing up not just your photos, but everything else too. Check out our full guide to Crashplan for info on how to set it up.

我們建議您使用CrashPlan或Carbonite之類的服務，該服務旨在備份您的整個計算機(無論如何您都應該這樣做)。他們通常每月花費約5-6美元。如果您購買了上述服務或類似服務的訂閱費用在您的預算之內，則一定要這樣做，因為它用一顆石頭殺死了兩只鳥：您不僅要備份照片，還要備份其他所有內容。查看我們的Crashplan完整指南，了解有關設置方法的信息。

If a full backup service isn’t?in your budget, that doesn’t mean you’re left out in the cold. You can sign up for a free Google account if you don’t already have one and take advantage of their generous photo storage plan. Google Photos offers free unlimited photo storage for all your photos up to 16MP in resolution. If you need storage of larger photos or RAW photos you can upgrade to 100GB of storage for those too for only $1.99 a month. Install the Desktop Uploader on your computer, point it at your photos folder, and everything will back up automatically, without you ever having to think about it. You can also set your smartphone to automatically upload photos you take.

如果您的預算中沒有完整的備份服務，那并不意味著您就被冷落了。如果您還沒有免費的Google帳戶，可以注冊一個免費的Google帳戶，并利用其慷慨的照片存儲計劃。 Google相冊為您的所有照片提供高達16MP分辨率的免費無限制照片存儲空間。如果您需要存儲較大的照片或RAW照片，則可以將這些存儲空間升級到100GB，每月僅需1.99美元。在您的計算機上安裝Desktop Uploader ，將其指向您的照片文件夾，所有內容都會自動備份，而您無需考慮它。您還可以將智能手機設置為自動上傳拍攝的照片。

If you subscribe to Amazon Prime, Amazon Photo is included and also great—it offers absolutely unlimited photo storage with no cap, like Google Photos, on resolution or format.?There isn’t an official?uploader like Google, but Amazon endorses odrive?for the task—the features available in the free odrive account are more than sufficient to sync all your photos, using odrive’s desktop syncing tool, to your Amazon account.

如果您訂閱了Amazon Prime，則包括Amazon Photo ，它也很棒-它提供了絕對無限的照片存儲空間，沒有分辨率或格式的上限，例如Google Photos。沒有像Google這樣的官方上載者，但是Amazon認可odrive可以完成這項任務-免費的odrive帳戶中可用的功能已足以使用odrive的桌面同步工具將所有照片同步到您的Amazon帳戶。

Even if you already have a whole-computer solution like Crashplan, you may still want to check out the aforementioned solutions from Google and Amazon. Not only are they free or very cheap (and adding them into your backup routine means you have two remote backups in different locations) but they have tons of awesome photo-centered features like the ability to sort through your photos by faces, share photos easily with friends and family, and even order prints.

即使您已經擁有像Crashplan這樣的全計算機解決方案，您仍然可能想從Google和Amazon中查看上述解決方案。它們不僅是免費的還是非常便宜的(將它們添加到您的備份例程中意味著您在不同位置具有兩個遠程備份)，而且它們具有大量以照片為中心的出色功能，例如按臉部對照片進行分類，輕松共享照片的功能與朋友和家人，甚至訂購照片。

走得更遠 (Going Even Further)

At this point, you should be patting yourself on the back as simply having a second backup and home and your photos uploaded ?to a cloud service puts you in ?the tiny minority of the population that takes backing up their photos seriously. These are the most important steps you should take, and if you really want to back up your photos, they are not optional.

在這一點上，您應該輕拍一下自己，因為只需簡單地進行第二次備份和存儲，并將您的照片上傳到云服務中，就可以使少數人群認真地備份照片。這些是您應該采取的最重要的步驟，如果您確實要備份照片，則不是可選的。

If you want to go even further, though, you can.?Say you have a local hot backup, a local cold backup, and a remote hot backup. You could go even further with a local cold backup, like storing a backup drive in a safe deposit box.

但是，如果您想走得更遠，可以。假設您有一個本地熱備份，一個本地冷備份和一個遠程熱備份。您可以使用本地冷備份進行更進一步的操作，例如將備份驅動器存儲在保險箱中。

If you do this, make sure you rotate your drives regularly, so they’re kept up to date. We also recommend you use encryption to secure the contents of the drive in case it is lost or stolen. If you use a tool like Crashplan to copy the photos to the drive,?then the data is already encrypted. Otherwise there are numerous solutions out there for encrypting your data like TrueCrypt, Bitlocker, or any number of alternatives.

如果這樣做，請確保定期旋轉驅動器，以使驅動器保持最新狀態。我們還建議您使用加密來保護驅動器中的內容，以防萬一丟失或被盜。如果使用Crashplan之類的工具將照片復制到驅動器，則數據已被加密。否則，有很多解決方案可以加密您的數據，例如TrueCrypt ， Bitlocker或任何其他替代方案。

It may seem extreme, but the more types of backup you have, the more bulletproof your system will be.

這似乎很極端，但是您擁有的備份類型越多，系統的防彈能力就越強。

With this backup strategy deployed, your photos will be as safe as safe can be. So happy with your digital photo backup workflow that you want to tackle preserving printed family photographs? The same backup strategy we applied to ?your digital photos can be applied to your traditional photos if you scan them and bring them into your digital collection.

部署此備份策略后，您的照片將盡可能安全。對您的數碼照片備份工作流程感到滿意，以至于想解決保留打印的家庭照片的問題？如果您掃描傳統照片并將其納入數字收藏庫，則可以將與我們應用于數碼照片相同的備份策略應用于傳統照片。