航拍拉近拉遠鏡頭_什么是遠攝鏡頭？

航拍拉近拉遠鏡頭

Telephoto lenses can be incredibly useful, but how is it different from other lenses, and when should you use it?

遠攝鏡頭可能非常有用，但是它與其他鏡頭有什么不同？何時使用？

什么是遠攝鏡頭？ (What Is a Telephoto Lens?)

A telephoto lens is a lens that appears to magnify distant objects. To do that, they need to have a focal length longer than that of a normal lens, or a lens that approximates the optical qualities of the human eye. A normal lens has a focal length of between 40mm and 58mm on a full frame camera so any lens with a focal length longer than 60mm can be considered a telephoto lens. The longer the focal length, the more magnification there is.

遠攝鏡頭是看起來可以放大遠處物體的鏡頭。為此，它們需要具有比普通鏡頭或近似于人眼光學質量的鏡頭更長的焦距。在全畫幅相機上，普通鏡頭的焦距在40mm到58mm之間，因此任何焦距超過60mm的鏡頭都可以視為遠攝鏡頭。焦距越長，放大倍數越大。

The most common telephoto zoom lenses have a focal range of 70mm to 200mm. Any lens with a focal length longer than about 300mm can be considered a super telephoto lens as well.

最常見的遠攝變焦鏡頭的焦距范圍為70mm至200mm。焦距大于300mm的任何鏡頭也可以被視為超遠攝鏡頭。

On a crop sensor camera, telephoto lenses are those with a focal length longer than about 40mm, although the magnification will be minimal until about 50mm.

在作物傳感器相機上，遠攝鏡頭是那些焦距長于約40mm的鏡頭，盡管放大倍數將最小，直到約50mm。

Let’s look at this in action. This photo was taken at 50mm, a normal focal length, on a full frame camera. The photo appears pretty similar to how things look with your eyes. The other photos were all taken from the same spot with a crop sensor camera; I don’t have a long enough full frame telephoto to really make the point clear.

讓我們看看實際情況。這張照片是在全畫幅相機上以正常焦距50mm拍攝的。該照片看起來與您的眼睛看起來非常相似。其他照片都是用作物傳感器相機從同一地點拍攝的；我沒有足夠長的全畫幅遠攝鏡頭來真正說明這一點。

This photo was taken at 45mm using a crop sensor camera. The full frame equivalent focal length is 72mm. You can see how the image is a little tighter on the car.

這張照片是使用作物傳感器相機在45mm處拍攝的。全幀等效焦距為72mm。您可以看到汽車上的圖像更加緊密。

This photo was taken at 85mm, equivalent to 136mm on a full frame camera. Now the car totally fills the frame.

這張照片是在85mm處拍攝的，相當于全畫幅相機上的136mm。現在，汽車完全充滿了車架。

This photo was taken at 135, equivalent to 216mm on a full frame camera. We’re incredibly close to the car compared to the normal photo. It’s impossible to fit the whole thing in the picture.

這張照片是在全畫幅相機上以135毫米拍攝的，相當于216毫米。與普通照片相比，我們離汽車非常近。整個圖片都不可能適合。

遠攝鏡頭如何影響您的圖像 (How a Telephoto Lens Affects Your Images)

The main effect of telephoto lenses is that, like a telescope, they magnify distant objects. Distant football players, small birds sitting in trees, and other similar subjects are all much easier to capture with a telephoto lens.

遠攝鏡頭的主要作用是像望遠鏡一樣放大遠處的物體。遠距離足球運動員，坐在樹上的小鳥以及其他類似的物體都可以用遠攝鏡頭輕松捕捉。

The flipside of this is that they have a very narrow field of view. To use a telephoto effectively, you need to stand well back from your subject. With a 70mm telephoto lens, you have to stand around 15 feet back from a human subject to fit them in the frame. With longer telephoto lenses, how far away you need to be from your subject to get everything in frame grows quickly.

不利的一面是它們的視野非常狹窄。為了有效地使用長焦，您需要遠離被攝對象。使用70mm遠攝鏡頭時，您必須與人體距離大約15英尺遠才能將其安裝在框架中。使用更長的遠攝鏡頭，您需要距離被攝對象多遠才能使所有東西都在框架中。

It’s very easy to get a shallow depth of field with a telephoto lens; it’s one of the reasons they are so popular with portrait photographers. It also means that it’s very hard to get photos with a large depth of field. Even at apertures like f/11 or f/16, you still will struggle to get everything in the frame in focus.

用遠攝鏡頭很容易獲得淺景深。這是他們在肖像攝影師中如此受歡迎的原因之一。這也意味著要獲得大景深的照片非常困難。即使在像f / 11或f / 16這樣的光圈下，您仍將難以使框架中的所有物體聚焦。

Telephoto lenses appear to compress everything in the image. Objects that are distant in real life will appear closer together in the image. This is neither a positive nor a negative, just an effect you need to be aware of.

遠攝鏡頭似乎可以壓縮圖像中的所有內容。現實生活中較遠的物體在圖像中會顯得更靠近。這既不是積極也不是消極的，只是您需要意識到的一種效果。

長焦鏡頭的優缺點 (The Pros and Cons of Telephoto Lenses)

Telephoto lenses are great for getting close to your subject without having to be physically close. You can’t walk into the middle of a football game or wander right up to a shy bird to take a photo so instead, with a telephoto, you can sit back snap from a distance.

遠攝鏡頭非常適合靠近您的物體，而不必物理上靠近。您不能走進足球比賽的中間，也不能走到一只害羞的鳥上拍照，因此，您可以通過遠攝遠距離坐下。

Telephoto lenses take great portraits. The 70mm-105mm range is very very popular for them. Personally, I use an 85mm lens for most of mine.

遠攝鏡頭可拍攝出色的人像。 70mm-105mm的范圍對他們來說非常受歡迎。就我個人而言，我大部分時候都使用85mm鏡頭。

While telephotos do everything they’re meant to do wonderfully, they do have a few downsides. They tend to be big and heavy. It’s just a side-effect of having a long focal length. This makes them awkward and unwieldy, even at the best of times.

雖然長焦攝錄機可以做的很棒，但是它們確實有一些缺點。他們往往又大又沉。這只是焦距長的副作用。即使在最好的時候，這也使他們笨拙而笨拙。

You also have to be far away from your subjects to use a telephoto lens. When you’re outside, this is normally okay, but in any confined area, you might not be able to get enough distance to get your subject in frame.

您還必須遠離主體，才能使用遠攝鏡頭。當您在戶外時，通常沒關系，但是在任何密閉區域中，您可能無法獲得足夠的距離以使拍攝對象保持清晰。

Telephoto lenses also require faster shutter speeds to get sharp exposures. Even with a tripod, if you use a telephoto lens with a shutter speed lower than about 1/200th of a second you risk having camera shake in your images. This means they need a lot more light to get good photos; using a long telephoto lens at night is almost impossible.

長焦鏡頭還需要更快的快門速度才能獲得清晰的曝光。即使使用三腳架，如果使用快門速度低于約1/200秒的遠攝鏡頭，圖像中也會有相機抖動的危險。這意味著他們需要更多的光線才能拍攝出優質的照片。晚上使用長焦鏡頭幾乎是不可能的。

可以使用哪些遠攝鏡頭？ (What Telephoto Lenses are Available?)

The majority of affordable telephoto lenses are zoom lenses, although you can get a few single focal length prime lenses if you want a specific portrait lens. Here are some of the best starting options for different cameras.

大多數負擔得起的長焦鏡頭都是變焦鏡頭，盡管如果您需要特定的人像鏡頭，則可以使用一些單焦距定焦鏡頭。以下是針對不同相機的一些最佳入門選項。

佳能 (Canon)

Full Frame: Canon EF 70-200mm f/4.0 L USM Lens.
全畫幅：佳能EF 70-200mm f / 4.0 L USM鏡頭。
Crop Sensor: Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS STM Lens.
裁剪傳感器：佳能EF-S 55-250mm f / 4-5.6 IS STM鏡頭。

尼康 (Nikon)

Full Frame: Nikon 70-200mm f/4.0G ED VR AF-S Lens.
全畫幅：尼康70-200mm f / 4.0G ED VR AF-S鏡頭。
Crop Sensor: Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 55-300mm f/4.5-5.6G VR Lens.
裁剪傳感器：尼康AF-S DX尼克爾55-300mm f / 4.5-5.6G VR鏡頭。

A telephoto lens is one of the first purchases most photographers should make once they’ve master the kit lens. They’re necessary for a lot of popular fields of photography, like sports and wildlife.

遠攝鏡頭是大多數攝影師精通套裝鏡頭后應首先購買的鏡頭之一。對于許多流行的攝影領域(例如運動和野生動植物)來說，它們是必不可少的。