.NET中RabbitMQ的使用
概述
MQ全稱為Message Queue, 消息隊列(MQ)是一種應用程序對應用程序的通信方法。RabbitMQ是一個在AMQP基礎上完整的,可復用的企業消息系統。他遵循Mozilla Public License開源協議。AMQP(高級消息隊列協議) 是一個異步消息傳遞所使用的應用層協議規范,作為線路層協議,而不是API(例如JMS),AMQP 客戶端能夠無視消息的來源任意發送和接受信息。AMQP的原始用途只是為金融界提供一個可以彼此協作的消息協議,而現在的目標則是為通用消息隊列架構提供通用構建工具。因此,面向消息的中間件 (MOM)系統,例如發布/訂閱隊列,沒有作為基本元素實現。AMQP當中有四個概念非常重要(一個虛擬主機持有一組交換機、隊列和綁定):
virtual host
,虛擬主機exchange
,交換機queue
,隊列binding
,綁定
更多理論性東西可以參考(在Windows上安裝Rabbit MQ 指南),針對隊列的講解相當詳細
Window下安裝RabbbitMQ
文件下載安裝
Rabbit MQ 是建立在強大的Erlang OTP平臺上,因此安裝Rabbit MQ的前提是安裝Erlang。通過下面兩個連接下載安裝3.2.3 版本:
- 下載并安裝?Erlang OTP For Windows?(vR16B03)
- 運行安裝?Rabbit MQ Server Windows Installer?(v3.2.3)
默認安裝的Rabbit MQ 監聽端口是5672。先安裝Erlang OTP后安裝RabbitMQ,安裝方式默認即可,RabbitMQ可以勾選安裝后臺服務、服務啟動和停止等操作。
激活Rabbit MQ's Management Plugin
使用Rabbit MQ 管理插件,可以更好的可視化方式查看Rabbit MQ 服務器實例的狀態,打開CMD命令,cd到安裝目錄(..\rabbitmq_server-3.2.3\sbin)下,輸入下面的命令激活:
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
要重啟服務才能生效,可以執行
net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ
輸入網址,打開監控頁面: ?http://localhost:15672 (默認賬號和密碼:guest 和guest)
配置RabbitMQ用戶權限
RabbitMQ是存在用戶權限的,默認是guest 密碼也是guest,隸屬于Administrator管理員下。現需要配置新用戶和權限,繼續打開CMD命令,cd到安裝目錄sbin下:
用戶操作指令:
::查詢服務狀態
rabbitmqctl status
::列舉虛擬主機列表
rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
::列舉用戶列表
rabbitmqctl list_users
:: 添加用戶和密碼 rabbitmqctl add_user hao abc123:: 設置權限 rabbitmqctl set_permissions yy ".*" ".*" ".*":: 分配用戶組 rabbitmqctl set_user_tags yy administrator
:: 刪除guest用戶
rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
::修改用戶密碼
rabbitmqctl change_password {username} ?{newpassowrd}
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.NET中RabbitMQ使用
1、Nuget下載RabbitMQ.Client第三方類庫,版本V3.6.5,高版本與.NET Framework 4.5有沖突,RabbitMQ Client地址
2、利用RabbitMQ Clinet類庫編碼(代碼內容有注釋,此處不做詳細解釋,文章后有完整代碼的下載地址)
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<1>RabbitMQ的direct類型Exchange
Producter發送消息代碼:
/// <summary>/// 連接配置/// </summary>private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory(){HostName ="192.168.1.8",UserName="hao",Password="abc123",Port= 5672};/// <summary>/// 路由名稱/// </summary>const string ExchangeName = "justin.exchange";//隊列名稱const string QueueName = "justin.queue";public static void DirectExchangeSendMsg(){using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();props.Persistent = true;string vadata = Console.ReadLine();while (vadata != "exit"){var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName, basicProperties: props, body: msgBody); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***發送時間:{0},發送完成,輸入exit退出消息發送",DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));vadata = Console.ReadLine();} }}}
Customer接收消息代碼:
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/// <summary>/// 連接配置/// </summary>private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() {HostName = "192.168.1.8", UserName = "hao", Password = "abc123", Port = 5672};/// <summary>/// 路由名稱/// </summary>const string ExchangeName = "justin.exchange";//隊列名稱const string QueueName = "justin.queue";public static void DirectAcceptExchange(){using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);while (true){ BasicGetResult msgResponse = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, noAck: true);if (msgResponse != null){var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"),msgBody));}//BasicGetResult msgResponse2 = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, noAck: false);process message ...//channel.BasicAck(msgResponse2.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));}}}}
但是這種處理速度較慢,因為循環線程等待。高效的接收消息的方式可以使用EventingBasicConsumer進行消息接收處理,修改代碼內容如下:
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public static void DirectAcceptExchangeEvent(){using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){//channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);//channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{ var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));};channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);//已過時用EventingBasicConsumer代替//var consumer2 = new QueueingBasicConsumer(channel);//channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);//var msgResponse = consumer2.Queue.Dequeue(); //blocking//var msgBody2 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body);Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");Console.ReadKey();}}}
但是有些時候,消費者同一時間沒有能力處理太多的業務,導致分配過來的隊列消息不能及時處理完成,這個時候,我們可以設置BasicQos屬性,告訴Broker同一時間將未處理完成的消息分配其他消費者,所以接收消息的地方需要略做修改,代碼如下:
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public static void DirectAcceptExchangeTask() {using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){//channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);//告訴broker同一時間只處理一個消息//channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1;System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done");//處理完成,告訴Broker可以服務端可以刪除消息,分配新的消息過來channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);};//noAck設置false,告訴broker,發送消息之后,消息暫時不要刪除,等消費者處理完成再說channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: false, consumer: consumer);Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");Console.ReadKey();}} }
<2> RabbitMQ的Topic類型Exchange
Producter 發送消息代碼:
/// <summary>/// 連接配置/// </summary>private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory(){HostName ="192.168.1.8",UserName="hao",Password="abc123",Port= 5672};/// <summary>/// 路由名稱/// </summary>const string TopExchangeName = "topic.justin.exchange";//隊列名稱const string TopQueueName = "topic.justin.queue";public static void TopicExchangeSendMsg(){using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, "topic", durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);//var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();//props.Persistent = true;string vadata = Console.ReadLine();while (vadata != "exit"){var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***發送時間:{0},發送完成,輸入exit退出消息發送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));vadata = Console.ReadLine();}}}}
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Customer接收消息代碼:
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/// <summary>/// 連接配置/// </summary>private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() {HostName = "192.168.1.8", UserName = "hao", Password = "abc123", Port = 5672};/// <summary>/// 路由名稱/// </summary>const string TopExchangeName = "topic.justin.exchange";//隊列名稱const string TopQueueName = "topic.justin.queue";public static void TopicAcceptExchange(){using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()){channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, "topic", durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1;System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done");channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);};channel.BasicConsume(TopQueueName, noAck: false, consumer: consumer);Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");Console.ReadKey();}}}
參考資料:
在 Windows 上安裝Rabbit MQ 指南(http://www.cnblogs.com/shanyou/p/4067250.html)
.NET 環境中使用RabbitMQ(http://www.cnblogs.com/yangecnu/p/4227535.html)
RabbitMQ Tutorial(http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-six-dotnet.html)
源代碼下載
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