Over the last year and a half, I’ve had the opportunity to teach the basics of typography to undergraduate graphic design students. During this time, I’ve noticed some common mistakes that my students make when first learning how to work with type. In this short article, I’m going to go through the 5 most common mistakes and share some tips on how to avoid them.

在過去的一年半中，我有幸向本科平面設計專業的學生教授了排版的基礎知識。 在這段時間里，我注意到我的學生在第一次學習如何使用類型時會犯一些常見的錯誤。 在這篇簡短的文章中，我將介紹5個最常見的錯誤，并分享一些避免錯誤的技巧。

Let’s dive in!

讓我們潛入吧！

1.使用過多的字體和樣式 (1. Using too many typefaces & styles)

One of the first lessons I teach in my class is limiting the number of typefaces. New designers are passionate about their craft and just like more experienced designers, they like to stand out for their design work. However, since beginners are still in the learning process, their need to stand out sometimes doesn’t translate well. Most beginners use multiple typefaces and styles that only leads to confusion and distraction for their users. It’s important to know that design is for the user and not the designer. So as tempting as it might be for you to add another typeface to your work, you should avoid it.

我在課堂上教的第一課是限制字體的數量。 新設計師對自己的Craft.io充滿熱情，就像經驗豐富的設計師一樣，他們喜歡在設計工作中脫穎而出。 但是，由于初學者仍處于學習過程中，所以有時他們脫穎而出的需求并不能很好地體現出來。 大多數初學者使用多種字體和樣式，只會給用戶帶來困惑和干擾。 重要的是要知道設計是針對用戶而非設計者的。 因此，盡管很想在您的作品中添加另一個字體，卻應該避免使用它。

Tip #1: Limit yourself to using 2 typefaces. Usually, one typeface for body text and one display typeface is enough. Can you ever use more than 2 typefaces? YES! There are exceptions to any rule, but that wouldn’t be the best practice for a beginner.

提示1 ：僅限于使用2種字樣。 通常，一個正文字體和一個顯示字體就足夠了。 您可以使用兩種以上的字體嗎？ 是！ 任何規則都有例外，但是對于初學者而言，這不是最佳實踐。

Tip #2: Pick Superfamilies if you’re looking for a variety of styles. But remember, using too many styles can break your design too.What the heck are superfamilies? These are typefaces that have many weights and styles.

提示2 ：如果您要尋找各種款式，請選擇超家族。 但是請記住，使用過多的樣式也會破壞您的設計。超家族到底是什么？ 這些是具有許多粗細和樣式的字體。

2.不主動選擇類型 (2. Not making active choices about the type)

New designers tend to leave some decision-making to the design software they are using. A designer is not only to choose the typeface and font size but also to actively decide and adjust the value for leading, kerning, tracking, etc. Every single detail matters.

新的設計師傾向于將決策權留給他們使用的設計軟件。 設計人員不僅要選擇字體和字體大小，還要積極地決定和調整前導，字距調整，跟蹤等值。每個細節都很重要。

Tip #3: Don’t trust your design software with every detail. Be proactive and think about what suits your work best and make changes.

提示＃3 ：不要完全相信您的設計軟件。 積極主動，考慮最適合您的工作并進行更改。

3.不對大型字體進行字距調整 (3. Not kerning large type)

Kerning is one of the most important concepts in typography. Most of the time, I can tell a good design by just checking whether the large types have been kerned or not. When introduced to kerning for the first time, some beginners think of it as a time-consuming task that doesn’t have much of an impact on their final work. Well, that’s not true. Design is about the details, even if that detail is as small as the space between two letters. So kern that heading! It gets easier as you practice.

字距調整是版式中最重要的概念之一。 大多數時候，我可以通過檢查大型類型是否已調整字號來判斷一個好的設計。 當初次引入字距調整時，一些初學者將其視為一項耗時的任務，對最終工作沒有太大影響。 好吧，那不是真的。 設計是關于細節的，即使那個細節與兩個字母之間的間距一樣小。 所以要保持標題！ 練習時會變得更容易。

Tip #4: Next time, try kerning 3 letters at a time.

提示4 ：下次，請嘗試一次調整3個字母的字距。

4.填補負面空間的沖動 (4. The urge to fill up negative space)

I had a student who thought negative is bad, unwanted and one should fill up the workspace to avoid having negative space. Now, that was an extreme case. Most of the time, my students do know what negative space is. However, knowing and putting knowledge into practice are two different things. Most beginners tend to fill up their workspace with design elements, let that be type, graphics, or pictures. It’s always important to leave some room for your design elements to breathe.

我有一個學生認為負數不好，不需要，所以應該填滿工作區以避免負數空間。 現在，這是一個極端的情況。 大多數時候，我的學生確實知道什么是負空間。 但是，了解知識并付諸實踐是兩回事。 大多數初學者傾向于用設計元素填充他們的工作空間，讓它們成為類型，圖形或圖片。 為設計元素留出一些空間，這始終很重要。

Tip #5: Negative space goes hand in hand with the principle of proximity in visual design. Refresh your memory about proximity.

提示＃5 ：負空間與視覺設計中的接近原理緊密相關。 刷新您對附近的記憶。

Tip #6: After finishing your next design project, duplicate your artboard, and think about how you can increase the negative space. Move elements around, change font sizes, and leadings if needed. After you finish, compare the two artboards. Which one turned out better?

提示6 ：完成下一個設計項目后，請復制畫板，并考慮如何增加負空間。 移動元素，更改字體大小和行距(如果需要)。 完成后，比較兩個畫板。 哪一個更好？

“Good design is clear thinking made visible.”- Edward Tufte

“好的設計是清晰可見的思想。”-Edward Tufte

5.不了解類型層次 (5. Not understanding type hierarchy)

Like Edward Tufte once said: “Good design is clear thinking made visible”. One way that a designer’s ability to think clearly shows in her work is type hierarchy. Type hierarchy is not randomly making some parts of the text larger but it is to understand the importance and relevance of information and making visual decisions that show that hierarchy.

就像愛德華·塔夫特(Edward Tufte)曾經說過的那樣：“好的設計是清晰的思想變得可見”。 設計師在其工作中清晰思考的能力之一就是類型層次。 類型層次結構不是隨機地使文本的某些部分變大，而是要了解信息的重要性和相關性，并做出顯示該層次結構的視覺決策。

Tip #7: In your next design project, before choosing typefaces, colors, or thinking about the layout, take a moment, and organize the text in the level of importance. Put yourself in the readers’ position. Which part of the text is the most important? What comes after? What after that? And so on. You can use MS word or do this task somewhere on your artboard; both works. What’s important is that you take the time to think about the priorities and hierarchy of information before designing.

提示7 ：在您的下一個設計項目中，選擇字體，顏色或布局之前，請花一點時間并按重要性級別組織文本。 讓自己處于讀者的位置。 文字的哪一部分最重要？ 會發生什么？ 那之后呢？ 等等。 您可以使用MS word或在畫板上的某處執行此任務； 兩者都可以。 重要的是您在設計之前花時間考慮信息的優先級和層次結構。

That’s it! 7 easy tips that will help you become better at typography. And here are some additional resources to check out:

而已！ 7個簡單技巧，可幫助您更好地排版。 這里還有一些其他資源可以簽出：

1. Super Families

   超級家庭

2. 10 kerning tips for improving your typography

   改善版式的10個字距調整技巧

3. Design Principles: Proximity

   設計原則：鄰近

4. How to create a type hierarchy and why you need one

   如何創建類型層次結構以及為什么需要一個層次結構

5. Gestalt Theory for UX Design: Principle of Proximity

   UX設計的格式塔理論：接近原理