課程模塊表結構

課程模塊

我們要開始寫課程模塊了~~課程模塊都有哪些功能呢~~

我們的課程模塊，包括了免費課程以及專題課程兩個方向~~

主要是課程的展示，點擊課程進入課程詳細頁面~~

課程詳細頁面展示，課程的概述，課程的價格策略，課程章節，評價以及常見問題~~

以及一些周邊的字段~~~這是主線路~~

根據功能設計表結構

對照著對標路飛網站，我們可以先討論下表結構~~

我們初步能夠確定下來12張表~~

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation, GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType# Create your models here.
__all__ = ["Category", "Course", "CourseDetail", "Teacher", "DegreeCourse", "CourseChapter","CourseSection", "PricePolicy", "OftenAskedQuestion", "Comment", "Account", "CourseOutline"]class Category(models.Model):"""課程分類表"""title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="課程的分類")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "01-課程分類表"db_table = verbose_name  # 數據庫表名verbose_name_plural = verbose_name  # 復數class Course(models.Model):"""課程表"""title = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True, verbose_name="課程的名稱")course_img = models.ImageField(upload_to="course/%Y-%m", verbose_name='課程的圖片')# media/course/2018-11/xxx.pngcategory = models.ForeignKey(to="Category", verbose_name="課程的分類")COURSE_TYPE_CHOICES = ((0, "付費"), (1, "vip專享"), (2, "學位課程"))course_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=COURSE_TYPE_CHOICES)degree_course = models.ForeignKey(to="DegreeCourse", blank=True, null=True, help_text="如果是學位課程，必須關聯學位表")# course_type    degree_course_id#  0                null#  1                null#  2                2
brief = models.CharField(verbose_name="課程簡介", max_length=1024)level_choices = ((0, '初級'), (1, '中級'), (2, '高級'))level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=1)status_choices = ((0, '上線'), (1, '下線'), (2, '預上線'))status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0)pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="發布日期", blank=True, null=True)order = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="課程順序", help_text="從上一個課程數字往后排, 建議中間空幾個數字")study_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="學習人數", help_text="只要有人買課程，訂單表加入數據的同時給這個字段+1")is_free = models.BooleanField(default=False)# order_details = GenericRelation("OrderDetail", related_query_name="course")# coupon = GenericRelation("Coupon")# 只用于反向查詢不生成字段price_policy = GenericRelation("PricePolicy")often_ask_questions = GenericRelation("OftenAskedQuestion")course_comments = GenericRelation("Comment")def save(self, *args, **kwargs):if self.course_type == 2:if not self.degree_course:raise ValueError("學位課必須關聯學位課程表")super(Course, self).save(*args, **kwargs)def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "02-課程表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseDetail(models.Model):"""課程詳細表"""course = models.OneToOneField(to="Course")hours = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="課時")course_slogan = models.CharField(max_length=125, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="課程口號")video_brief_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)summary = models.TextField(max_length=2048, verbose_name="課程概述")why_study = models.TextField(verbose_name="為什么學習這門課程")service = models.TextField(verbose_name="你將獲得哪些服務")what_to_study_brief = models.TextField(verbose_name="我將學到哪些內容")career_improvement = models.TextField(verbose_name="此項目如何有助于我的職業生涯")prerequisite = models.TextField(verbose_name="課程先修要求", max_length=1024)recommend_courses = models.ManyToManyField("Course", related_name="recommend_by", blank=True)teachers = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher", verbose_name="課程講師")def __str__(self):return self.course.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "03-課程詳細表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Teacher(models.Model):"""講師表"""name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="講師名字")brief = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="講師介紹")def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = "04-教師表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass DegreeCourse(models.Model):"""字段大體跟課程表相同，哪些不同根據業務邏輯去區分"""title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="學位課程名字")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "05-學位課程表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseChapter(models.Model):"""課程章節表"""course = models.ForeignKey(to="Course", related_name="course_chapters")# 排序用的chapter = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, verbose_name="第幾章")title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="課程章節名稱")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "06-課程章節表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameunique_together = ("course", "chapter")class CourseSection(models.Model):"""課時表"""chapter = models.ForeignKey(to="CourseChapter", related_name="course_sections")title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="課時")section_order = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="課時排序", help_text="建議每個課時之間空1至2個值，以備后續插入課時")section_type_choices = ((0, '文檔'), (1, '練習'), (2, '視頻'))free_trail = models.BooleanField("是否可試看", default=False)section_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=2, choices=section_type_choices)section_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, help_text="若是video，填vid,若是文檔，填link")def __str__(self):return "%s-%s" % (self.chapter, self.title)class Meta:verbose_name = "07-課程課時表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameunique_together = ('chapter', 'section_link')class PricePolicy(models.Model):"""價格策略表"""content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType)object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()# 關聯course or degree_coursecontent_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')valid_period_choices = ((1, '1天'), (3, '3天'),(7, '1周'), (14, '2周'),(30, '1個月'),(60, '2個月'),(90, '3個月'),(120, '4個月'),(180, '6個月'), (210, '12個月'),(540, '18個月'), (720, '24個月'))valid_period = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=valid_period_choices)price = models.FloatField()def __str__(self):return "%s(%s)%s" % (self.content_object, self.get_valid_period_display(), self.price)class Meta:verbose_name = "08-價格策略表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameunique_together = ("content_type", 'object_id', "valid_period")class OftenAskedQuestion(models.Model):"""常見問題"""content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType)  # 關聯course or degree_courseobject_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')question = models.CharField(max_length=255)answer = models.TextField(max_length=1024)def __str__(self):return "%s-%s" % (self.content_object, self.question)class Meta:verbose_name = "09-常見問題表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameunique_together = ('content_type', 'object_id', 'question')class Comment(models.Model):"""通用的評論表"""# 定位表content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, blank=True, null=True)# 定位對象的idobject_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True, null=True)# 定位對象content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')content = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="評論內容")account = models.ForeignKey("Account", verbose_name="會員名")date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)def __str__(self):return self.contentclass Meta:verbose_name = "10-評價表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Account(models.Model):username = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="用戶姓名")def __str__(self):return self.usernameclass Meta:verbose_name = "11-用戶表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseOutline(models.Model):"""課程大綱"""course_detail = models.ForeignKey(to="CourseDetail", related_name="course_outline")title = models.CharField(max_length=128)order = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1)# 前端顯示順序
content = models.TextField("內容", max_length=2048)def __str__(self):return "%s" % self.titleclass Meta:verbose_name = "12-課程大綱表"db_table = verbose_nameverbose_name_plural = verbose_nameunique_together = ('course_detail', 'title')

media配置

圖片位置需要在settings配置下

# media配置
MEDIA_URL = "media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from app import settings
from django.views.static import serveurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),# media路徑配置url(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
]

接口的編寫

圖片位置需要在settings配置下

我們表結構定下來以后，可以根據業務場景看需要哪些接口~~~

對于我們課程這個模塊，所有的功能都是展示，基于數據展示的，我們通常稱為數據接口~~

這種接口對于我們來說是最簡單的~~因為我們只是從數據庫拿數據~然后進行展示~~

我們來看下都需要哪些接口~~~

　　-- 課程頁面? 有課程所有分類這個接口

　　-- 課程頁面? 有展示課程的接口

　　-- 點擊課程進入課程詳情頁面，詳情頁面的數據接口~~

　　-- 詳情頁面下的子路由對應子組件的數據接口

　　　　-- 課程章節課時

　　　　-- 課程的評論

　　　　-- 課程的常見問題

這些所有的數據接口~~套路都是讀取數據庫，序列化數據，返回~~~

那主要就是用DRF的序列化組件~~那我們從路由~然后序列化組件~然后看視圖~~

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from .views import CourseListView, CourseCategoryView, CourseDetailView, CourseChapterView
from .views import CourseCommentView, OftenAskedQuestionView# 在項目路由下做了一層分發
# url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),
urlpatterns = [url(r"^$", CourseListView.as_view()),url(r"^category$", CourseCategoryView.as_view()),url(r"^detail/(?P<pk>\d+)$", CourseDetailView.as_view()),url(r"^(?P<pk>\d+)/chapters$", CourseChapterView.as_view()),url(r"^(?P<pk>\d+)/comment$", CourseCommentView.as_view()),url(r"^(?P<pk>\d+)/often-asked-question$", OftenAskedQuestionView.as_view()),

class CourseCategoryView(APIView):"""課程分類接口"""def get(self, request):queryset = Category.objects.all()ser_obj = CourseCategorySerializer(queryset, many=True)return Response(ser_obj.data)class CourseListView(APIView):"""查看所有免費課程的接口"""def get(self, request):category_id = request.query_params.get("category", 0)if category_id == 0:# 證明沒有分類，可以拿所有的課程數據queryset = Course.objects.all().order_by("order")else:queryset = Course.objects.filter(category_id=category_id).order_by("order")ser_obj = CourseSerializer(queryset, many=True)return Response(ser_obj.data)class CourseDetailView(APIView):"""課程詳情頁面"""def get(self, request, pk):course_detail_obj = CourseDetail.objects.filter(course__id=pk).first()if course_detail_obj:ser_obj = CourseDetailSerializer(course_detail_obj)return Response(ser_obj.data)else:return Response({"code": "1001", "msg": "查詢的課程不存在"})class CourseChapterView(APIView):"""課程章節接口"""def get(self, request, pk):# 首先我們要清楚數據結構# 我們要的是[章節一：{課時，課時2}]queryset = CourseChapter.objects.filter(course_id=pk).order_by("chapter")ser_obj = CourseChapterSerializer(queryset, many=True)return Response(ser_obj.data)class CourseCommentView(APIView):def get(self, request, pk):queryset = Course.objects.filter(pk=pk).first().course_comments.all()ser_obj = CourseCommentSerializer(queryset, many=True)return Response(ser_obj.data)class OftenAskedQuestionView(APIView):def get(self, request, pk):queryset = Course.objects.filter(pk=pk).first().often_ask_questions.all()ser_obj = OftenAskQuestionSerializer(queryset, many=True)return Response(ser_obj.data)

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import modelsclass CategorySerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = models.Categoryfields = "__all__"class CourseSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):# 有些字段自己重寫level = serializers.CharField(source="get_level_display")price = serializers.SerializerMethodField()def get_price(self, obj):price_policy_obj = obj.price_policy.all().order_by("price").first()# print(obj)# print(type(price_policy_obj))return price_policy_obj.pricecourse_img = serializers.SerializerMethodField()def get_course_img(self, obj):return "http://127.0.0.1:8000/media/" + str(obj.course_img)class Meta:model = models.Coursefields = ["id", "title", "course_img", "brief", "level", "study_num", "is_free", "price"]class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):# 自己獲取字段title = serializers.SerializerMethodField()level = serializers.SerializerMethodField()study_num = serializers.SerializerMethodField()recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField()teachers = serializers.SerializerMethodField()outline = serializers.SerializerMethodField()  # 大綱price_policy = serializers.SerializerMethodField()def get_title(self, obj):return obj.course.titledef get_level(self, obj):return obj.course.get_level_display()def get_study_num(self, obj):return obj.course.study_numdef get_recommend_courses(self, obj):return [{"id": item.id, "title": item.title} for item in obj.recommend_courses.all()]def get_teachers(self, obj):return [{"id": teacher.id, "name": teacher.name, "brief": teacher.brief} for teacher in obj.teachers.all()]def get_outline(self, obj):return [{"id": item.id, "title": item.title, "content": item.content} for item inobj.course_outline.all().order_by("order")]def get_price_policy(self, obj):return [{"id": item.id, "valid_period": item.get_valid_period_display(), "price": item.price} for item inobj.course.price_policy.all().order_by("price")]class Meta:model = models.CourseDetail# fields = "__all__"exclude = ["course"]

我們的課程的視圖還可以重寫編寫一下~~利用我們之前學的視圖的封裝的那些類~~

class CourseCategoryView(generics.ListAPIView):queryset = Category.objects.all()serializer_class = CourseCategorySerializer"""課程分類接口"""# def get(self, request):#     queryset = Category.objects.all()#     ser_obj = CourseCategorySerializer(queryset, many=True)#     return Response(ser_obj.data)class CourseChapterView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):queryset = CourseChapter.objects.all()serializer_class = CourseChapterSerializer# 指定過濾的類 用排序的過濾類filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)# 排序的字段ordering = ("chapter",)# def get(self, request, pk):#     # 首先我們要清楚數據結構#     # 我們要的是[章節一：{課時，課時2}]#     queryset = CourseChapter.objects.filter(course_id=pk).order_by("chapter")#     ser_obj = CourseChapterSerializer(queryset, many=True)#     return Response(ser_obj.data)

我們可以根據上面的更改的視圖的示例~~來更改我們所有的視圖~~小伙伴們~自己動起手來吧~~

我們課程這個模塊下的數據接口我們就介紹這些~~

我們這里涉及課程圖片~~用我們Django的mediaURL~~

Django的MEDIA配置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# Media配置
MEDIA_URL = "media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.static import serve
from new_luffy import settingsurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),# media路徑配置url(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
]

這樣我們上傳的圖片~數據庫存的是路徑地址~~我們前端向后端的media路徑發送請求~~

拿到我們想要的圖片，視頻等資源~~