#1-影像組學的常規步驟是怎么樣的？

傳統影像組學的步驟包括：
1、影像獲取及預處理；
2、感興趣區(ROI)標定；
3、影像組學特征提取；
4、特征降維；
5、模型建立、優化。

#2-做影像組學用的電腦硬件配置有什么要求？

傳統影像組學研究對電腦硬件的要求并不高，以3D Slicer軟件為例，官方推薦配置要求：

Memory: more than 4GB (8 or more is recommended). As a general rule, have 10x more memory than the amount of data that you load.

Display: a minimum resolution of 1024 by 768 (1280 by 1024 or better is recommended).

Graphics: Dedicated graphics hardware (discrete GPU) memory is recommended for fast volume rendering.

GPU: Graphics must support minimum OpenGL 3.2. Integrated graphics card is sufficient for basic visualization. Discrete graphics card (such as NVidia GPU) is recommended for interactive 3D volume rendering and fast rendering of complex scenes. GPU texture memory (VRAM) should be larger than your largest dataset (e.g., working with 2GB data, get VRAM > 4GB) and check that your images fit in maximum texture dimensions of your GPU hardware. Except rendering, most calculations are performed on CPU, therefore having a faster GPU will generally not impact the overall speed of the application.Some computations in 3D Slicer are multi-threaded and will benefit from multi core, multi CPU configurations.Interface device: a three button mouse with scroll wheel is recommended. Pen, multi-touchscreen, touchpad, and graphic tablet are supported. All OpenVR-compatible virtual reality headsets are supported for virtual reality display.Internet connection to access extensions, Python packages, online documentation, sample data sets, and tutorials.

圖片
主要包括：
配置要求：

計算機需要足夠的內存和圖形功能將原始數據和處理結果保存在其內存中。
內存：超過4GB（推薦8G以上）。
顯示：最小分辨率為1024×768（推薦為1280×1024或更好）。
專用圖形硬件和內存（建議使用1GB）。
Slicer中的許多計算都是多線程的，并且將受益于多核，多CPU配置。
接口設備：推薦使用帶滾輪的三鍵鼠標。

根據筆者實際經驗，如果內存不足可能導致軟件罷工，其余顯示、GPU等均非必要。
因此筆者推薦16G內存電腦，且越大越好。
如涉及深度學習等方法的研究需根據實際需求配置電腦，無法一概而論。

#3-影像組學研究用電腦系統要求？

理論上講三大主流平臺Windows, Linux和MacOS均可進行影像組學研究。但一些優秀的軟件對Windows平臺支持不好。Windows系統的電腦可通過虛擬機或雙系統解決這一問題。

以3D Slicer為例，對系統版本的推薦如下：
Windows: Windows 10, with all recommended updates installed. Windows 10 Version 1903 (May 2019 Update) version is required for support of international characters (UTF-8) in filenames and text. Microsoft does not support Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 anymore and Slicer is not tested on these legacy operating system versions, but may still work.
macOS: macOS High Sierra (10.13) or later. Latest public release is recommended.
Linux: Ubuntu 18.04 or later
CentOS 7 or later. Latest LTS (Long-term-support) version is recommended.