默認迭代次數為1，只進行一次腐蝕、膨脹

一、圖像腐蝕

1.相關定義?

2.圖像腐蝕效果圖

?

3.fpga實現?

彩色圖像灰度化，灰度圖像二值化，圖像緩存生成濾波模塊（3*3），圖像腐蝕算法

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//
// Description: 圖像腐蝕 (前景色是黑色(0)，背景色是白色(1)  腐蝕黑色)
//
module image_erode(input wire           clk             ,input wire           reset           ,input wire [10:0]    img_width       ,input wire [9:0]     img_height      ,input wire           valid_i         ,input wire [23:0]    last_line_data  ,input wire [23:0]    cur_line_data   ,input wire [23:0]    next_line_data  ,output reg           valid_o         ,output reg [23:0]    img_data_o
);//常量聲明parameter N = 3; //窗口大小//結構系數模版為{1,1,1,//              1,1,1,//              1,1,1}//變量聲明reg         valid_d1;reg [23:0]  last_line_data_d1, last_line_data_d2;reg [23:0]  cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data_d2 ;reg [23:0]  next_line_data_d1, next_line_data_d2;//中心點位置，為cur_line_data_d1always@(posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginvalid_d1 <= 0;{last_line_data_d1, last_line_data_d2} <= 0;{cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data_d2 } <= 0;{next_line_data_d1, next_line_data_d2} <= 0;end else beginvalid_d1 <= valid_i;last_line_data_d1 <= last_line_data;last_line_data_d2 <= last_line_data_d1;cur_line_data_d1  <= cur_line_data;cur_line_data_d2  <= cur_line_data_d1;next_line_data_d1 <= next_line_data;next_line_data_d2 <= next_line_data_d1;endend//模板窗口范圍內判斷，前景色是黑色，背景色是白色，腐蝕處理就是前景色黑色減少//簡單理解也就是，3*3窗口中所有像素值都是0時，才能將當前像素值為0輸出always@(posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginvalid_o <= 0;img_data_o <= 0;end else if(valid_d1) beginif({last_line_data_d2, last_line_data_d1, last_line_data,cur_line_data_d2 , cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data ,next_line_data_d2, next_line_data_d1, next_line_data} == {27{8'd0}}) beginimg_data_o <= cur_line_data_d1;end else beginimg_data_o <= {3{8'd255}};   endvalid_o <= 1'b1;end else beginvalid_o <= 0;img_data_o <= 0;endendendmodule

明顯可以看書漢字部分，經過腐蝕運算之后，白色字體變寬了（要是清晰顯示文字，應該腐蝕白色，效果可能更好一點）?

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二、圖像膨脹

1.相關定義

?2.圖像膨脹與圖像腐蝕的聯系

?3.FPGA實現

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//
// Description: 圖像膨脹 (前景色是黑色，背景色是白色  只要覆蓋區域有前景色則膨脹黑色)
//
module image_dilate(input  wire          clk             ,input  wire          reset           ,input  wire [10:0]   img_width       ,input  wire [9:0]    img_height      ,input  wire          valid_i         ,input  wire [23:0]   last_line_data  ,input  wire [23:0]   cur_line_data   ,input  wire [23:0]   next_line_data  , output reg           valid_o         ,output reg [23:0]    img_data_o      
);//常量聲明parameter N = 3; //窗口大小//結構系數模版為{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}//變量聲明reg valid_d1;reg [23:0] last_line_data_d1, last_line_data_d2;reg [23:0] cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data_d2 ;reg [23:0] next_line_data_d1, next_line_data_d2;//中心點位置，為cur_line_data_d1always@(posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginvalid_d1 <= 0;{last_line_data_d1, last_line_data_d2} <= 0;{cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data_d2 } <= 0;{next_line_data_d1, next_line_data_d2} <= 0;end else beginvalid_d1 <= valid_i;last_line_data_d1 <= last_line_data;last_line_data_d2 <= last_line_data_d1;cur_line_data_d1  <= cur_line_data;cur_line_data_d2  <= cur_line_data_d1;next_line_data_d1 <= next_line_data;next_line_data_d2 <= next_line_data;endend//模板窗口范圍內判斷，前景色是黑色，背景色是白色，膨脹處理就是前景色黑色擴張//簡單理解也就是，3*3窗口中所有像素值都是255(白)時，才能將當前像素值為255輸出always@(posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginvalid_o <= 0;img_data_o <= 0;end else if(valid_d1) beginif({last_line_data_d2, last_line_data_d1, last_line_data,cur_line_data_d2 , cur_line_data_d1 , cur_line_data ,next_line_data_d2, next_line_data_d1, next_line_data} == {27{8'd255}}) beginimg_data_o <= cur_line_data_d1;end else beginimg_data_o <= 0;   endvalid_o <= 1'b1;end else beginvalid_o <= 0;img_data_o <= 0;endendendmodule

?三、圖像處理的開運算，閉運算和梯度運算

1.相關定義?

2.fpga實現?

開運算：

閉運算 :

梯度運算：

module image_process_top(input wire clk,input wire reset,input wire [10:0] img_width,input wire [9:0] img_height,input wire valid_i,input wire [23:0] img_data_i,output wire valid_o,output wire [23:0] img_data_o);//參數定義wire rgb2gray_valid;wire [23:0] rgb2gray_data;wire binary_valid;wire [23:0] binary_data;wire line_valid;wire [23:0] last_line_data, cur_line_data, next_line_data;wire erode_valid;wire [23:0] erode_data;wire dilate_valid;wire [23:0] dilate_data;wire line1_valid;wire [23:0] last_line1_data, cur_line1_data, next_line1_data;//灰度化處理image_rgb2gray u_image_rgb2gray(.clk        ( clk        ),.reset      ( reset      ),.valid_i    ( valid_i    ),.img_data_i ( img_data_i ),.valid_o    ( rgb2gray_valid    ),.img_data_o  ( rgb2gray_data  ));//二值化處理image_binary u_image_binary(.clk        ( clk        ),.reset      ( reset      ),.valid_i    ( rgb2gray_valid    ),.img_data_i ( rgb2gray_data ),.valid_o    ( binary_valid    ),.img_data_o  ( binary_data  ));//開運算
/*//3行緩存image_line_buffer u_image_line_buffer(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( binary_valid ),.img_data_i     ( binary_data ),.valid_o        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data  ( next_line_data  ));//圖像腐蝕image_erode u_image_erode(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line_data ),.valid_o        ( erode_valid    ),.img_data_o     ( erode_data     ));//3行緩存image_line_buffer u_image_line_buffer1(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( erode_valid ),.img_data_i     ( erode_data ),.valid_o        ( line1_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line1_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line1_data  ),.next_line_data  ( next_line1_data  ));//圖像膨脹image_dilate u_image_dilate(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line1_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line1_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line1_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line1_data ),.valid_o        ( valid_o        ),.img_data_o     ( img_data_o     ));
*///閉運算
/*//3行緩存image_line_buffer u_image_line_buffer(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( binary_valid ),.img_data_i     ( binary_data ),.valid_o        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data  ( next_line_data  ));//圖像膨脹image_dilate u_image_dilate(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line_data ),.valid_o        ( dilate_valid    ),.img_data_o     ( dilate_data     ));//3行緩存image_line_buffer u_image_line_buffer1(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( dilate_valid ),.img_data_i     ( dilate_data ),.valid_o        ( line1_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line1_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line1_data  ),.next_line_data  ( next_line1_data  ));//圖像腐蝕image_erode u_image_erode(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line1_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line1_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line1_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line1_data ),.valid_o        ( valid_o        ),.img_data_o     ( img_data_o     ));
*///梯度運算//3行緩存image_line_buffer u_image_line_buffer(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( binary_valid ),.img_data_i     ( binary_data ),.valid_o        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data  ( next_line_data  ));//圖像膨脹image_dilate u_image_dilate(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line_data ),.valid_o        ( dilate_valid    ),.img_data_o     ( dilate_data     ));//圖像腐蝕image_erode u_image_erode(.clk            ( clk            ),.reset          ( reset          ),.img_width      ( img_width      ),.img_height     ( img_height     ),.valid_i        ( line_valid        ),.last_line_data ( last_line_data ),.cur_line_data  ( cur_line_data  ),.next_line_data ( next_line_data ),.valid_o        ( erode_valid    ),.img_data_o     ( erode_data     ));assign valid_o = dilate_valid;assign img_data_o = (dilate_data == 0)&&(erode_data == {3{8'd255}}) ? 0 : {3{8'd255}};endmodule