?Section A Internet?互聯網

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.

互聯網是一個全球性的互連計算機網絡系統，使用標準的互聯網協議套件（TCP/IP）連接全球數十億設備。

• TCP/IP - 傳輸控制協議/網際協議
  • 傳輸控制協議(Transmission Control Protocol)
  • abbr.(=Internet Protocol)【計】網際協議

It is an international network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government packet switched networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.

它是一個國際性的網絡網絡，由數以百萬計的私人、公共、學術、商業和政府分組交換網絡組成，通過各種電子、無線和光網絡技術連接。

The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.

互聯網承載了廣泛的信息資源和服務，如萬維網（WWW）的互鏈接超文本文檔和應用程序、支持電子郵件的基礎設施，以及用于文件共享和電話的點對點網絡。

1.History - 歷史

詞匯

suit? ? ? ? n組件

academic? ? ? ? n學術

packet - 包；分組

packet switched - 分組交換

hypertext - 超文本

World Wide Web（WWW） - 萬維網

Sputnik? ? ? ? n（蘇聯）人造衛星

ARPA started funding the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet) for the United States Department of Defense. ARPAnet, which only four computers connected, was officially launched in 1969. This was the predecessor to the Internet.
ARPA開始為美國國防部設計高級研究計劃署網絡（ARPAnet）提供資金。1969年，僅連接了四臺計算機的ARPAnet正式啟動。這是互聯網的前身。

By the 1970s, ARPAnet had dozens of computer networks, but each network could only communicate with other computers inside the network. Different computer networks were still unable to communicate with each other.
到了1970年代，ARPAnet擁有數十個計算機網絡，但每個網絡只能與網絡內的其他計算機通信。不同的計算機網絡仍然無法相互通信。

In 1974, protocols were developed to connect packet networks, including TCP/IP proposed by Vinton Cerf and Bob Braden. ARPA accepted TCP/IP in 1982 and chose the Internet as the primary computer communication system.
1974年，開發了連接分組網絡的協議，包括由Vinton Cerf和Bob Braden提出的TCP/IP。1982年，ARPA接受了TCP/IP，并選擇互聯網作為主要的計算機通信系統。

2.Development - 發展

詞匯

backbone? ? ? ? n骨干

Mosaic? ? ? ? ?n瀏覽器名

Netscape? ? ? ? n美國網景公司

Navigator? ? ? ? n瀏覽器名（領航員）

NSFnet: as the backbone of the Internet 1986 - 作為互聯網的骨干網 1986年

• abbr.〈美(=National Science Foundation)國家科學基金會

the first web browser 1989 - 第一個網頁瀏覽器 1989年
ANSnet: Internet began to commercialize 1992 - 互聯網開始商業化 1992年

• abbr. 美國國家標準（American National Standards）

Navigator: the first browser on the Internet 1993 - 互聯網上的第一個瀏覽器 1993年

3.Protocol - 協議

詞匯

rigorous? ? ? ? ?a嚴密的

application layer? ? ? ? 應用層

transport layer? ? ? ? ?運輸層

Internet layer? ? ? ? 網際層

network access layer? ? ? ? 網絡接口層

supercomputer - 超級計算機

server - 服務器

client - 客戶端

browser - 瀏覽器

host - 主機

IP（Internet Protocol） - 網際協議

While the Internet’s hardware can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides the foundation for its scalability and success.
互聯網的硬件通常可以用來支持其他軟件系統，但是軟件架構的設計和標準化過程才是互聯網的特點，并為其可擴展性和成功提供了基礎。

The IETF conducts standard-setting work group, open to any individual, about the various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and standards are published in a series of publications, each called a Request for Comments (RFC), on the IETF web site.
IETF進行開放給任何個人的標準制定工作組，關于互聯網架構的各個方面。由此產生的討論和標準被發布在一系列出版物中，每份出版物都被稱為請求評議（RFC），發布在IETF網站上。

• IETF：abbr. 互聯網工程任務組（Internet Engineering Task Force）

The Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite. This is a model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols, originally documented in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123. The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate.
互聯網標準描述了一個框架，稱為互聯網協議套件。這是一個將方法劃分為分層協議系統的模型架構，最初記錄在RFC 1122和RFC 1123中。這些層次對應于它們的服務運作的環境或范圍。

4.Application - 應用

詞匯

blogging????????n博客

Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet.
包括電話、音樂、電影和電視在內的大多數傳統通信媒體正被互聯網重塑或重新定義。

Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds.
報紙、書籍和其他印刷出版正在適應網站技術，或者被改造成博客和網絡訂閱。

The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking.
互聯網通過即時消息、互聯網論壇和社交網絡，使得并加速了新的人際互動形式。

5.Internet Plus - 互聯網+

詞匯

unveiled? ? ? ? a公布于眾的

the State Council? ? ? ? 國務院

livelihood? ? ? ? n民生，生計

Internet Plus is the integration of the Internet and traditional industries through online platforms and IT technology, it is expected to help economic restructuring, improve people’s livelihoods and transform of government functions. The “Internet Plus” action plan change our life in all different parts.
互聯網+是通過在線平臺和IT技術將互聯網與傳統產業融合，預計這將有助于經濟結構調整、改善民生和轉變政府職能。"互聯網+"行動計劃將在各個方面改變我們的生活。

Internet plus transportation, agriculture, city management, industrial monitoring, medical, environmental monitoring, etc., and they provide us with challenge and opportunity and we need make good use of it.
互聯網+交通、農業、城市管理、工業監測、醫療、環境監測等，它們為我們提供了挑戰和機遇，我們需要好好利用它。

練習A1（知識點填空）

1. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks.
   互聯網是一個全球性的互連計算機網絡系統。

2. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web（WWW）, the infrastructure to support E-mail, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.
   互聯網提供廣泛的信息資源和服務，例如互聯的超文本文件和萬維網(WWW)的應用程序、支持電子郵件的基礎設施，以及用于文件共享和電話的對等網絡。

3. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States government in the 1969.
   互聯網的起源可以追溯到1969年，當時美國政府委托進行的研究。

4. The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in specially designated RFCs (Request for Comments), that constitute the Internet Standards.
   實現互聯網的主要網絡方法包含在特別指定的RFCs（請求評議）中，它們構成了互聯網標準。

5. The internet layer enables computers to identify and locate each other via internet protocol（IP） addresses, and routes their traffic via intermediate (transit) networks. 網際層使計算機能夠通過IP地址識別和定位彼此，并通過中間（傳輸）網絡路由它們的流量。

6. MOOC（Massive Open Online Course） provides students a profusion of courses all around the world for free.
   大規模開放在線課程為學生免費提供了世界各地豐富的課程。

練習A2（詞匯翻譯）

• TCP/IP - 傳輸控制協議/網際協議
  • 傳輸控制協議(Transmission Control Protocol)
  • abbr.(=Internet Protocol)【計】網際協議
• protocol suite - 協議套件
• World Wide Web (www) - 萬維網
• hypertext - 超文本
• packet switched network - 分組交換網絡
• peer-to-peer network - 對等網絡
• IETF - 互聯網工程任務組（Internet Engineering Task Force）
• RFC - 請求評議（Request for Comments）
• host - 主機
• Internet Protocol (IP) - 網際協議
• VoIP - IP電話、網絡電話（Voice over Internet Protocol）
• web site - 網站
• IPTV - 交互式網絡電視（Internet Protocol Television）
• business-to-business - 企業對企業（B2B）
• MOOC - 慕課（Massive Open Online Course，大規模開放在線課程）
• NPC（National People's Congress）全國人民代表大會

Section B 5G

詞匯

spectral? ? ? ? ?a光譜的

traffic? ? ? ? n流量

EU(European Union)? ? ? ? 歐盟

euro? ? ? ? n歐元

commercialization? ? ? ? ?n商業化，商品化

antenna? ? ? ? ?n天線

ultra-dense? ? ? ? 超高密度

peak rate? ? ? ? 峰值速率

latency? ? ? ? n延遲，時延

negligible? ? ? ? ?a微不足道的

aggregate? ? ? ? v聚合，聚集

RAN(Radio Access Network)? ? ? ? 無線接入網絡

proliferate? ? ? ? v激增

CN（Core Network）? ? ? ? 核心網絡

decouple? ? ? ? v使分離

ONF(Open Networking Foundation)? ? ? ? 開放網絡基金會

NFV（network function virtualization）? ? ? ? 網絡功能虛擬化

interwoven? ? ? ? v交織

patent? ? ? ? n專利

escort? ? ? ? ?v保駕護航

練習B1（知識點填空）

1. 5G is a new generation of?mobile communication systems.
   5G 是新一代的移動通信系統。

2. Back in 2009, Huawei has launched the early research related technologies, and to show the prototype of the 5G base in later years.
   早在2009年，華為就已經推出了早期的研究相關技術，并在以后展示了5g 基礎的原型。

3. Huawei predicted that users will enjoy 20Gb/s?commercial 5G mobile networks in 2020.
   華為預計，到2020年，用戶將享受20Gb/s 的商用5g 移動網絡。
   Gb：千兆字節，吉字節（gigabye的縮寫）

4. China IMT-2020 (5G) group released the White Paper, among them, the flag indicators "Gb/s rate user experience" is a set of key technologies, including large-scale antenna array, ultra-dense networking, new modulation access, and new network architectures.
   中國 IMT-2020(5G)集團公布了白皮書，其中，“Gb/s 速率用戶體驗”標志指標是一套關鍵技術，包括大型天線陣列、超密集網絡、新型調制接入、新型網絡體系結構。
   IMT：abbr. 國際移動通信（International Mobile Telecommunications）

5. Two emerging challenges, very low latency and very low?energy,?cost?and massive number of devices, are associated with the application of wireless communications to new areas.
   兩個新興的挑戰，非常低的延遲和非常低的能源，成本和大量的設備，是與應用無線通信到新的領域。

6. The trend is to decouple hardware from software and move the network functions towards the latter one.
   趨勢是將硬件與軟件解耦，并將網絡功能向后者移動。

7. China will actively participate in the development of 5G standards, which will help China to further enhance the patent position in international communication standards.
   中國將積極參與5G標準的制定，這將有助于中國在國際通信標準中進一步加強專利地位。

練習B2（詞匯翻譯）

• 5G - abbr. 第五代移動通信技術（fifth-generation）
• high spectral efficiency - 高頻譜效率
• low power consumption - 低功耗
• transfer rate - 傳輸速率
• wireless coverage performance - 無線覆蓋性能
• user experience - 用戶體驗
• low latency - 低延遲
• SDN（Software Defined Networking） - 軟件定義網絡
• the White Paper - 白皮書
• ultra-dense - 超密集
• peak rate - 高峰期