因為windows沒有類似unix的which命令

• 現在實現盡量跨平臺，且stb 風格的libwhich

// which.h
#ifndef LIBWHICH_H
#define LIBWHICH_H#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/** 查找可執行文件在系統中的路徑* 參數:*   filename - 要查找的可執行文件名*   buffer   - 用于存儲結果的緩沖區*   bufsize  - 緩沖區大小* 返回值:*   成功返回指向buffer的指針，失敗返回NULL*/
char* libwhich(const char* filename, char* buffer, int bufsize);#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif // LIBWHICH_H#ifdef LIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#include <io.h>
#define access _access
#define F_OK 0
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif// 輔助函數：檢查文件是否存在且可執行
static int is_executable(const char* path) {
#ifdef _WIN32// Windows系統檢查文件是否存在return access(path, F_OK) == 0;
#else// Unix-like系統檢查文件是否存在且可執行struct stat st;if (stat(path, &st) != 0)return 0;return (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) || (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) || (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH);
#endif
}// 輔助函數：獲取路徑分隔符（PATH環境變量中分隔目錄的符號）
static char get_path_separator() {
#ifdef _WIN32return ';';
#elsereturn ':';
#endif
}// 輔助函數：獲取目錄分隔符（路徑中分隔目錄的符號）
static char get_dir_separator() {
#ifdef _WIN32return '\\';
#elsereturn '/';
#endif
}// 檢查文件名是否包含擴展名
static int has_extension(const char* filename) {const char* dot = strrchr(filename, '.');return dot != NULL && dot != filename && *(dot + 1) != '\0';
}char* libwhich(const char* filename, char* buffer, int bufsize) {if (!filename || !buffer || bufsize <= 0)return NULL;// 獲取PATH環境變量const char* path_env = getenv("PATH");if (!path_env)return NULL;// 復制PATH以便處理char* path = strdup(path_env);if (!path)return NULL;char* result = NULL;char sep[2] = {get_path_separator(), '\0'};char dir_sep = get_dir_separator();// 拆分PATH中的各個目錄char* dir = strtok(path, sep);while (dir != NULL) {size_t dir_len = strlen(dir);size_t file_len = strlen(filename);int need_sep = (dir_len > 0 && dir[dir_len - 1] != dir_sep) ? 1 : 0;// 檢查緩沖區是否足夠if (dir_len + need_sep + file_len + 1 > (size_t)bufsize) {dir = strtok(NULL, sep);continue;}// 構建完整路徑strcpy(buffer, dir);if (need_sep) {buffer[dir_len] = dir_sep;strcpy(buffer + dir_len + 1, filename);} else {strcpy(buffer + dir_len, filename);}// 檢查文件是否存在且可執行if (is_executable(buffer)) {result = buffer;break;}#ifdef _WIN32// Windows系統需要檢查常見的可執行文件擴展名if (!has_extension(filename)) {const char* exts[] = {".exe", ".com", ".bat", ".cmd", ".ps1", NULL};for (int i = 0; exts[i] != NULL; i++) {size_t ext_len = strlen(exts[i]);if (dir_len + need_sep + file_len + ext_len + 1 > (size_t)bufsize)continue;// 構建帶擴展名的路徑strcpy(buffer, dir);if (need_sep) {buffer[dir_len] = dir_sep;strcpy(buffer + dir_len + 1, filename);} else {strcpy(buffer + dir_len, filename);}strcat(buffer, exts[i]);if (is_executable(buffer)) {result = buffer;goto cleanup; // 找到后跳出所有循環}}}
#endifdir = strtok(NULL, sep);}cleanup:free(path);return result;
}#endif // LIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION// 示例主程序，定義LIBWHICH_MAIN可編譯為獨立工具
#ifdef LIBWHICH_MAIN
#include <stdio.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {if (argc != 2) {fprintf(stderr, "用法: %s <命令名>\n", argv[0]);return 1;}char buffer[1024];char* path = libwhich(argv[1], buffer, sizeof(buffer));if (path) {printf("%s\n", path);return 0;} else {fprintf(stderr, "%s: 未找到命令\n", argv[1]);return 1;}
}
#endif

build as program (view .h file as .c file)

> gcc -x c which.h -DLIBWHICH_MAIN -DLIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION> cl /DLIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION /DLIBWHICH_MAIN /Tcwhich.h /Fe:which.exe

build as lib (msvc for example)

> cl /DLIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION /Tcwhich.h /Fo:libwhich.obj> lib libwhich.obj /OUT:libwhich.lib

as lib usage

// probe.c#define LIBWHICH_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "which.h"
#include <stdio.h>int main() {char buffer[1024];char* path = libwhich("python", buffer, sizeof(buffer));if (path) {printf("找到python: %s\n", path);} else {printf("未找到python\n");}return 0;
}