1.什么是testcontainers？

Testcontainers?是一個用于創建臨時 Docker 容器進行單元測試的 Java 庫。當我們想要避免使用實際服務器進行測試時，它非常有用。，官網介紹稱支持50多種組件。?

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應用場景

數據訪問層集成測試：

使用MySQL，PostgreSQL或Oracle數據庫的容器化實例測試您的數據訪問層代碼，但無需在開發人員的計算機上進行復雜的設置，并且測試將始終從已知的數據庫狀態開始，避免“垃圾”數據的干擾。也可以使用任何其他可以容器化的數據庫類型。

應用程序集成測試：

用于在具有相關性（例如數據庫，消息隊列或Web服務器）的短期測試模式下運行應用程序。

UI /驗收測試：

使用與Selenium兼容的容器化Web瀏覽器進行自動化UI測試。每個測試都可以獲取瀏覽器的新實例，而無需擔心瀏覽器狀態，插件版本或瀏覽器自動升級。您將獲得每個測試會話或測試失敗的視頻記錄。

2.代碼工程

實驗目的：在?Spring Boot?中使用 Testcontainers 測試 Redis。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId><artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId><version>1.17.2</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

entity

package com.et.testcontainers.entity;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisHash;import java.io.Serializable;@RedisHash("product")
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class Product implements Serializable {private String id;private String name;private double price;}

service

package com.et.testcontainers.service;import com.et.testcontainers.Repository.ProductRepository;
import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class ProductService {@Autowiredprivate ProductRepository productRepository;public Product getProduct(String id) {return productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);}public void createProduct(Product product) {productRepository.save(product);}
}

Repository

package com.et.testcontainers.Repository;import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
public interface ProductRepository extends CrudRepository<Product, String> {
}

appliication.properties

spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.port=6379

啟動類

package com.et.testcontainers;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);}
}

以上只是一些關鍵代碼，所有代碼請參見下面代碼倉庫

代碼倉庫

• GitHub - Harries/springboot-demo: a simple springboot demo with some components for example: redis,solr,rockmq and so on.

3.測試

編寫測試類

package com.et.testcontainers;import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import com.et.testcontainers.service.ProductService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)
public class DemoTests {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoTests.class);@AutowiredProductService productService;@Beforepublic void before()  {log.info("init some data");}@Afterpublic void after(){log.info("clean some data");}@Testpublic void execute()  {log.info("your method test Code");}static {GenericContainer<?> redis =new GenericContainer<>(DockerImageName.parse("redis:5.0.3-alpine")).withExposedPorts(6379);redis.start();log.info(redis.getHost());log.info(redis.getMappedPort(6379).toString());System.setProperty("spring.redis.host", redis.getHost());System.setProperty("spring.redis.port", redis.getMappedPort(6379).toString());}@Testpublic void givenProductCreated_whenGettingProductById_thenProductExistsAndHasSameProperties() {Product product = new Product("1", "Test Product", 10.0);productService.createProduct(product);Product productFromDb = productService.getProduct("1");assertEquals("1", productFromDb.getId());assertEquals("Test Product", productFromDb.getName());assertEquals(10.0, productFromDb.getPrice(),0.001);}
}

執行測試用例，全部通過，這樣就可以脫離實際環境測試我們的代碼，每次也不用因為環境不對而跳過單元測試

4.參考

• 使用 Testcontainers 測試 Redis - spring 中文網
• Testcontainers
• Spring Boot集成testcontainers快速入門Demo | Harries Blog?