【Shell】sed編輯器實例

sed是用來解析和轉換文本的工具，它使用簡單，是簡潔的程序設計語言。

sed編輯器

（一） sed編輯器基礎
- 1. 簡介
- 2. sed的模式空間
（二）基本的sed編輯命令
（三）sed命令實例
- 1. 向文件中添加或插入行
- 2. 更改文件中的指定的行
- 3. 刪除文件中的行
- 4. 替換文件中內容
- 5. 打印文件中的行

（一） sed編輯器基礎

1. 簡介

自動化地編輯一個或多個文件
簡化在多個文件中執行相同編輯地任務
編寫轉換程序

2. sed的模式空間

sed維護一種模式空間，即一個工作區或臨時緩沖區，當使用編輯命令時，將在那存儲單個輸入行。下圖展示了進行模式空間轉換的一個兩行的sed腳本。它將“The linux system”轉換成“The LINUX Operating System”

在這里插入圖片描述
sed一次處理一行輸入的優點是在讀取非常龐大的文件時不會出現問題，一般的文本編輯器必須將整個文件讀入內存，這將會產生內存溢出或者在處理龐大的文件時速度非常慢。

（二）基本的sed編輯命令

a ：新增， a 的后面可以接字串，而這些字串會在新的一行出現(目前的下一行)～
c ：取代， c 的后面可以接字串，這些字串可以取代 n1,n2 之間的行！
d ：刪除，因為是刪除啊，所以 d 后面通常不接任何東東；
i ：插入， i 的后面可以接字串，而這些字串會在新的一行出現(目前的上一行)；
p ：打印，亦即將某個選擇的數據印出。通常 p 會與參數 sed -n 一起運行～
s ：取代，可以直接進行取代的工作哩！通常這個 s 的動作可以搭配正則表達式！

（三）sed命令實例

1. 向文件中添加或插入行

實例1：在文件的指定行之后添加一行內容。

$ cat info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

使用sed的追加編輯命令（a）在上述文件的第5行添加一行命令：

[ley@ley-web ~]$ sed '5a\
> Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例2：在匹配模式的行之后添加一行內容

$ sed '/Databases/a\
> Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例3：在文本的最后一行后添加多行內容
在info.txt文件后面添加兩行

$ sed '$a\
>  Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.\
> Windows - Sysadmin etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time availableSolaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Windows - Sysadmin etc.

實例4：在文件中的指定行之前插入一行內容。

$ sed '3i\
> Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例5：在匹配指定模式的行之前插入一行內容。

在文件info.txt中匹配/Security/的行之前插入兩行內容。

$ sed '/Security/i\
> Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.\
> Windows - Sysadmin etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Windows - Sysadmin etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例6：在文件的最后一行之前插入一行內容

$ sed '$i\
> Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Solaris - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

2. 更改文件中的指定的行

實例1：修改文件的第一行

$ sed '1c<Change line>' info.txt
<Change line>
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例2：修改匹配指定模式的行
匹配/Cool/的行修改為

$ sed '/Cool/c<Change line>' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
<Change line>
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例3：更改文件的最后一行。

$ sed '$c<Change line>' info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
Cool - Websities
Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
<Change line>

3. 刪除文件中的行

實例1：刪除文件中的指定的行
刪除文件所在的第四行

$ sed '4d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
6       Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例2：從指定的行開始刪除，并每個固定行刪除一行

從第四行開始刪除，并每隔兩行就刪掉一行

$ sed '4~2d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc

實例3：刪除指定范圍的行

$ sed '3,6d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc

實例4：刪除指定范圍以外的行
刪除3到6行以外的行

$ sed '3,6!d' info.txt
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
6       Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例5：刪除文件中的最后一行

$ sed '$d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc

實例6：刪除文件中匹配指定模式的行。

匹配/Productivity/的行并刪除

$ sed '/Productivity/d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc

實例7：從匹配指定模式的行刪到文件的最后一行

$ sed '/Productivity/,$d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc

實例8：刪除文件中匹配指定模式的行，及其后面的n行內容
刪除info.txt文件中的/Security/，及其后面的一行

$ sed '/Security/,+1d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
6       Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例9：刪除文件中的空行

$ sed '/^$/d' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
6       Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

實例10：刪除文件中不匹配指定模式的行

刪除文件中不匹配/Databased/或/Security/的行

$ sed '/Databased\|Security/!d' info.txt
2       Databased - Oracle, MySQL etc
3       Security - Firewall, Network, Oline Security etc

實例11：刪除文件的指定范圍內的行中匹配指定模式的行。

刪除含有etc的行

$ sed '1,4{/etc/d}' info.txt
1       Linux - Sysadmin
4       Cool - Websities
5       Storage - NetApp, EMC etc
6       Productivity - Too many technologies to explore, no much time available

4. 替換文件中內容

$ cat techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

實例1：替換一行中第一個匹配模式的字符串

將每一行的第一個/Virtualization替換成/Virt

$ sed 's/Virtualization/Virt./' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virt.:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,     Desktop Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

實例2：替換文件中的匹配指定模式的所有字符串

將每一行的所有/Virtualization替換成/Virt

$ sed 's/Virtualization/Virt./g' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virt.:Server Virt.,Storage Virt.,       Desktop Virt.
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

實例3：替換文件中每行第n個匹配指定模式的字符串

將每一行的第三個/Virtualization替換成/Virt

$ sed 's/Virtualization/Virt./3' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virt.,     Desktop Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

實例4：將發生字符串替換的行寫入指定的文件，并只打印發生替換的行

將文件中的“Network”字符串替換為“Net.”

$ sed -n 's/Network/Net./gpw /tmp/sedOutput' techClass.txt
1.      Net.: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Net.

實例5：只替換文件中匹配指定模式的行中的字符串

文件中匹配/:/的行中的逗號“,”之后的字符串清空

$ sed '/:/s/,.*//g' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route
2.      Security: Data Protection
3.      Server: Blade
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer
6.      OS: Linux
# Additional class

實例6：刪掉每行的最后n個字符

刪掉文件中每行最后兩個字符

$ sed 's/..$//g' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Devic
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Securit
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Networ
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtualizati
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Window
# Additional cla

實例7：刪除文件中的注釋

$ sed 's/^#.*//' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

實例8：刪除文件中的注釋及其空行

$ sed 's/^#.*//;/^$/d' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

實例9：使用符號“&”獲得匹配的字符串

每一行數字編號加一個小括號（）

$ sed 's/^[0-9]\./(&)/' techClass.txt
(1.)    Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
(2.)    Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
(3.)    Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
(4.)    Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtualization
(5.)    Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
(6.)    OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

5. 打印文件中的行

實例1：打印文件中的第n行

$ sed -n '4p' techClass.txt
Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop Virtuali                                                                                                        zation

實例2：文件從第n行開始打印，并每隔m-1行就打印一行。

$ sed -n '3~2p' techClass.txt
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
# Additional class

實例3：打印文件的最后一行

$ sed -n '$p' techClass.txt
# Additional class

實例4：打印文件的第n~m行

$ sed -n '2,6p' techClass.txt
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

實例5：打印文件的第n行到最后一行

$ sed -n '3,$p' techClass.txt
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

實例6：打印文件中匹配指定模式的行

$ sed -n '/Network/p' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network

實例7：打印文件中從匹配指定模式的行到第n行的內容

$ sed -n '/Security/,6p' techClass.txt
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

實例8：打印文件中從第n行道匹配指定模式的行的內容

$ sed -n '1,/Database/p' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2

實例9：打印文件中從匹配指定模式的行到最后一行

$ sed -n '/Server/,$p' techClass.txt
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
# Additional class

實例10：打印文件中匹配指定模式的行及后面的n行

$ sed -n '/Network/,+1p' techClass.txt
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless,Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization

實例11：打印文件中從匹配模式的行到匹配另一個指定模式的行的內容

$ sed -n '/Security/,/OS/p' techClass.txt
2.      Security: Data Protection,Terminal Security,C1oud Security,WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade,Mini Computer,Mainframes,HPC,Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Virtualization:Server Virtualization,Storage Virtualization,    Desktop                                                                                                         Virtualization
5.      Database: SQLServer,MySQL,Oracle, DB2
6.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows