最近學習python3，在安裝mysqlclient的時候遇到了一些問題，直接使用哦pip install mysqlclient 直接報錯了，記錄一下解決方案。

環境信息
設備：Macbook Pro m1
系統：macos Sequoia 15.3.2
最終成功的python版本：Python3.13.3
pip版本：25.0.1
最終系統環境下mysqlclient版本：2.2.7 -> 對應mysql-client: 8.0.42

直接執行命令安裝: pip3 install mysqlclient，報錯信息：

Collecting mysqlclientUsing cached mysqlclient-2.2.7.tar.gz (91 kB)Installing build dependencies ... doneGetting requirements to build wheel ... errorerror: subprocess-exited-with-error× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.│ exit code: 1╰─> [35 lines of output]/bin/sh: pkg-config: command not found/bin/sh: pkg-config: command not found/bin/sh: pkg-config: command not found/bin/sh: pkg-config: command not foundTrying pkg-config --exists mysqlclientCommand 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 127.Trying pkg-config --exists mariadbCommand 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.Trying pkg-config --exists libmariadbCommand 'pkg-config --exists libmariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.Trying pkg-config --exists perconaserverclientCommand 'pkg-config --exists perconaserverclient' returned non-zero exit status 127.Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>main()~~~~^^File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 373, in mainjson_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 143, in get_requires_for_build_wheelreturn hook(config_settings)File "/private/var/folders/pg/lcz_0brx7dl64hcxtkjtrn1c0000gp/T/pip-build-env-lqq7jo65/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 331, in get_requires_for_build_wheelreturn self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/private/var/folders/pg/lcz_0brx7dl64hcxtkjtrn1c0000gp/T/pip-build-env-lqq7jo65/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 301, in _get_build_requiresself.run_setup()~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^File "/private/var/folders/pg/lcz_0brx7dl64hcxtkjtrn1c0000gp/T/pip-build-env-lqq7jo65/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setupexec(code, locals())~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "<string>", line 156, in <module>File "<string>", line 49, in get_config_posixFile "<string>", line 28, in find_package_nameException: Can not find valid pkg-config name.Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually[end of output]note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

看錯誤信息是少了pkg-config
執行命令：brew install pkg-config，也報錯！！！

fatal: not in a git directory
Warning: No remote 'origin' in /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-services, skipping update!
Running `brew update --auto-update`...
Warning: You are using macOS 15.
We do not provide support for this pre-release version.
It is expected behaviour that some formulae will fail to build in this pre-release version.
It is expected behaviour that Homebrew will be buggy and slow.
Do not create any issues about this on Homebrew's GitHub repositories.
Do not create any issues even if you think this message is unrelated.
Any opened issues will be immediately closed without response.
Do not ask for help from MacHomebrew on Twitter.
You may ask for help in Homebrew's discussions but are unlikely to receive a response.
Try to figure out the problem yourself and submit a fix as a pull request.
We will review it but may or may not accept it.==> Fetching pkg-config
==> Downloading https://pkgconfig.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.29.2.tar
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> ./configure --prefix=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.2_3 --disable-host
==> make
Last 15 lines from /Users/nankexiansheng/Library/Logs/Homebrew/pkg-config/02.make:
gatomic.c:464:10: error: incompatible integer to pointer conversion passing 'gsize' (aka 'unsigned long') to parameter of type 'gpointer' (aka 'void *') [-Wint-conversion]464 |   return g_atomic_pointer_xor ((volatile gpointer *) atomic, val);|          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
./gatomic.h:191:45: note: expanded from macro 'g_atomic_pointer_xor'191 |     (gsize) __sync_fetch_and_xor ((atomic), (val));                          \|                                             ^~~~~
4 errors generated.
make[6]: *** [libglib_2_0_la-gatomic.lo] Error 1
make[6]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[5]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[4]: *** [all] Error 2
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2Do not report this issue to Homebrew/brew or Homebrew/core!Error: You are using macOS 15.
We do not provide support for this pre-release version.
It is expected behaviour that some formulae will fail to build in this pre-release version.
It is expected behaviour that Homebrew will be buggy and slow.
Do not create any issues about this on Homebrew's GitHub repositories.
Do not create any issues even if you think this message is unrelated.
Any opened issues will be immediately closed without response.
Do not ask for help from MacHomebrew on Twitter.
You may ask for help in Homebrew's discussions but are unlikely to receive a response.
Try to figure out the problem yourself and submit a fix as a pull request.
We will review it but may or may not accept it.

解決方法：
mysqlclient安裝
可以參考mysqlclient文檔
首選確保你的macos已經安裝配置好了brew，以及配置了國內源。

# 安裝pkg-config
brew install pkg-config
注意：如果這里報錯，先執行下brew install mysql；再執行brew install pkg-config命令
# 安裝 mysql-client
brew install mysql-client@8.0
# 添加環境變量 在 ~/.zshrc 中添加下面這行
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$(brew --prefix)/opt/mysql-client@8.0/lib/pkgconfig"保存后 source ~/.zshrc 刷新環境變量通過 printenv 可以查看確認當前環境變量

接下來可以正常安裝mysqlclient，這里我安裝的是mysqlclient 2.2.7版本

注意??：2.0.0 以上版本需要python3.8及以上才能兼容

pip3 install mysqlclient

如果正常安裝完成，沒有報錯，進入當前python運行環境測試

如果能正常引入MySQLdb而沒有報錯，那么基本上算上順利完成了。可以嘗試在虛擬環境安裝完依賴啟動項目試試