使用C++開發五子棋游戲的詳細實現方案，涵蓋核心邏輯、界面設計和AI對戰功能：

1. 項目結構

FiveChess/
├── include/
│ ├── Board.h // 棋盤類
│ ├── Player.h // 玩家類
│ ├── AI.h // AI類
│ └── Game.h // 游戲主邏輯
├── src/
│ ├── Board.cpp // 棋盤實現
│ ├── Player.cpp // 玩家實現
│ ├── AI.cpp // AI實現
│ ├── Game.cpp // 游戲主邏輯實現
│ └── main.cpp // 程序入口
├── CMakeLists.txt // CMake構建文件
└── README.md // 項目說明

2. 核心類設計

2.1 棋盤類（Board.h）

#ifndef BOARD_H
#define BOARD_H#include <vector>
#include <iostream>class Board {
public:static const int SIZE = 15; // 棋盤大小Board();void display() const; // 顯示棋盤bool placeStone(int x, int y, int player); // 落子bool checkWin(int x, int y) const; // 檢查是否勝利bool isFull() const; // 棋盤是否已滿int getCell(int x, int y) const; // 獲取棋盤格狀態private:std::vector<std::vector<int>> grid; // 棋盤網格bool checkDirection(int x, int y, int dx, int dy) const; // 檢查方向
};#endif

2.2 玩家類（Player.h）

#ifndef PLAYER_H
#define PLAYER_Hclass Player {
public:Player(int id);int getId() const;virtual void makeMove(Board& board) = 0; // 落子方法protected:int id; // 玩家ID（1或2）
};#endif

2.3 AI類（AI.h）

#ifndef AI_H
#define AI_H#include "Player.h"
#include "Board.h"class AI : public Player {
public:AI(int id);void makeMove(Board& board) override;private:int evaluate(const Board& board) const; // 評估函數int minimax(Board& board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta); // Minimax算法
};#endif

2.4 游戲類（Game.h）

#ifndef GAME_H
#define GAME_H#include "Board.h"
#include "Player.h"class Game {
public:Game();void start(); // 開始游戲private:Board board;Player* player1;Player* player2;int currentPlayer;void switchPlayer(); // 切換玩家
};#endif

3. 核心邏輯實現

3.1 棋盤類實現（Board.cpp）

#include "Board.h"
#include <iostream>Board::Board() : grid(SIZE, std::vector<int>(SIZE, 0)) {}void Board::display() const {std::cout << "  ";for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) std::cout << i % 10 << " ";std::cout << "\n";for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) {std::cout << i % 10 << " ";for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; ++j) {std::cout << (grid[i][j] == 0 ? "." : (grid[i][j] == 1 ? "X" : "O")) << " ";}std::cout << "\n";}
}bool Board::placeStone(int x, int y, int player) {if (x < 0 || x >= SIZE || y < 0 || y >= SIZE || grid[x][y] != 0) return false;grid[x][y] = player;return true;
}bool Board::checkWin(int x, int y) const {int directions[4][2] = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}};for (auto& dir : directions) {if (checkDirection(x, y, dir[0], dir[1]) + checkDirection(x, y, -dir[0], -dir[1]) >= 4)return true;}return false;
}bool Board::checkDirection(int x, int y, int dx, int dy) const {int count = 0;int player = grid[x][y];while (x >= 0 && x < SIZE && y >= 0 && y < SIZE && grid[x][y] == player) {count++;x += dx;y += dy;}return count - 1;
}bool Board::isFull() const {for (const auto& row : grid)for (int cell : row)if (cell == 0) return false;return true;
}int Board::getCell(int x, int y) const {return grid[x][y];
}

3.2 AI類實現（AI.cpp）

#include "AI.h"
#include <algorithm>AI::AI(int id) : Player(id) {}void AI::makeMove(Board& board) {int bestScore = -1000;int bestX = -1, bestY = -1;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, id);int score = minimax(board, 3, false, -1000, 1000);board.placeStone(i, j, 0); // 撤銷落子if (score > bestScore) {bestScore = score;bestX = i;bestY = j;}}}}board.placeStone(bestX, bestY, id);
}int AI::evaluate(const Board& board) const {// 簡單評估函數return 0;
}int AI::minimax(Board& board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta) {if (depth == 0) return evaluate(board);if (isMaximizing) {int maxEval = -1000;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, id);int eval = minimax(board, depth - 1, false, alpha, beta);board.placeStone(i, j, 0);maxEval = std::max(maxEval, eval);alpha = std::max(alpha, eval);if (beta <= alpha) break;}}}return maxEval;} else {int minEval = 1000;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, 3 - id);int eval = minimax(board, depth - 1, true, alpha, beta);board.placeStone(i, j, 0);minEval = std::min(minEval, eval);beta = std::min(beta, eval);if (beta <= alpha) break;}}}return minEval;}
}

4. 主程序（main.cpp）

#include "Game.h"int main() {Game game;game.start();return 0;
}

5. 編譯與運行

CMake配置（CMakeLists.txt）

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(FiveChess)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)include_directories(include)
file(GLOB SOURCES "src/*.cpp")add_executable(FiveChess ${SOURCES})

編譯與運行

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
./FiveChess

6. 擴展功能

圖形界面：使用SFML或SDL2替換控制臺界面。

網絡對戰：集成Socket實現多人對戰。

AI優化：引入Alpha-Beta剪枝、啟發式搜索等優化算法。

通過以上實現，您可以快速開發一個功能完整的五子棋游戲！