龍蜥操作系統
Anolis OS 8 是 OpenAnolis 社區推出的完全開源、中立、開放的發行版，它支持多計算架構，也面向云端場景優化，兼容 CentOS 軟件生態。Anolis OS 8 旨在為廣大開發者和運維人員提供穩定、高性能、安全、可靠、開源的操作系統服務。
Apache Tomcat官網: Anolis系統中離線安裝Tomcat與Linux一致，Tomcat下載到本地，上傳解壓運行即可。

MySql官網
Anolis系統中離線安裝MySql數據庫，與Linux安裝方式基本一致。
安裝版本：mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

進入安裝流程

創建目錄

mkdir -p /server/tools
mkdir -p /opt/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs}
cd /server/tools #進入到該目錄

解壓安裝包

tar zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

移動到指定目錄

mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.26

創建軟連接

ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.26/ /usr/local/mysql

編輯配置文件

vi /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf
[client]
user=mysql
port= 3306
socket= /data/mysql/mysql3306/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port= 3306
user=mysql
server_id= 1
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
log_error=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log
log_bin=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=true
log_slave_updates=1
max_connections=1024
wait_timeout=60
sort_buffer_size=2M
max_allowed_packet=32M
join_buffer_size=2M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_log_buffer_size=32M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
binlog_cache_size=2M
max_binlog_cache_size=8M
max_binlog_size=512M
expire_logs_days=7
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/slow.log
long_query_time=0.5
log_queries_not_using_indexes=1

初始化數據庫

初始化數據庫之前如果/data/mysql/mysql3306路徑下有data文件夾，則需要刪除，否則初始化失敗。

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql  --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data

加入環境變量

vim /etc/profile #vim編輯
export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"

啟動數據庫

mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf &

查看是否啟動成功

netstat -lntup

啟動數據庫報錯

2025-01-13T09:19:04.303142Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
2025-01-13T09:19:04.303159Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Failed to initialize ACL/grant/time zones structures or failed to remove temporary table files.

解決報錯

vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data刪除data目錄中的內容
rm -rf data  //在mysql安裝目錄下執行
mkdir data  

連接數據庫

因為初始化的時候設置了–initialize-insecure，所以登錄時不需要密碼。

第一次連接沒有密碼，直接敲回車：mysql -u root -p

存在問題

啟動數據庫時只能使用：mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf &
不能使用用：service mysqld start命令,使用該命令會報如下錯誤：

 Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/anolis.err'.ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/anolis.pid).

解決辦法

1. 將配置文件移動到mysql的安裝目錄
   
2. 修改配置文件中的路徑
   
3. 設置通過命令啟動： mv /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.26/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
4. 設置用戶權限

# 增加用戶和組
[root@anolis ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@anolis ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# 設置對應的mysql文件權限
# 這里因為/usr/local/mysql/data是創建的/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.26/的軟鏈接，所以兩個地址實際上是一個
chown mysql:mysql -R /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.26/
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/data

5. 初始化數據庫

# 進入mysql安裝目錄
cd /usr/local/mysql/data
# 刪除data
rm -rf data/
# 初始化，如果是--initialize的話登錄就需要輸入密碼
./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
# 初始化完成后可進行啟動數據庫
[root@anolis mysql]# service mysqld restartERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

登錄數據庫

[root@anolis mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
# 設置數據庫密碼
mysql>  update user set authentication_string=password("數據庫密碼") where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1
# 刷新，否則可能不生效
mysql> flush privileges; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
# 設置數據庫遠程訪問
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
# 刷新
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 退出
mysql> quit;Bye

設置MySQL開機自啟

設置MySQL開機自啟可以通過chkconfig命令來實現

# 添加到管理列表
chkconfig --add mysqld
# 設置開機自啟動，或者通過chkconfig --level 2345 mysql on命令來指定在運行級2、3、4、5中開啟MySQL服務
chkconfig mysqld on
# 查看設置狀態
chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@anolis ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off