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Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

??Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.
??Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of U.S.employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.
??In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook,Twitter,or LinkedIn.Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors,including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work.I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.
??In the second part of the study I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.When I examined how respondents expressedopenness to new careers and employers,I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.
??These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.
??They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover(跳槽) intentions,by recognizing employees’accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.

??對于受雇者而言，社交媒體可以是一種有效的溝通工具，幫助他們互相協作、分享觀點和解決問題。 (46)研究表明，82%的雇員認為社交媒體能夠改善工作關系，60%的員工認為它能夠輔助決策過程。這些觀點導致大部分員工運用社交媒體與同事進行溝通，甚至在工作時間也是如此。
??雇主們通常會擔心社交媒體會變成生產力殺手；據報道，超過半數的美國雇主會在工作時間禁止使用社交媒體。(47)在對于一家醫療保健機構的277名員工的研究中，我發現這種擔心是錯誤的。社交媒體對于工作效率降低的影響還沒有它對員工留存率低的影響大。
??在研究中的第一部分，我調查了雇員為什么以及如何使用諸如臉書、推特或領英等平臺。然后向受訪者詢問他們的工作行為，包括他們在工作中是否有動力，并展現主動性。(48)我發現那些通過社交媒體與同事進行在線社交互動的雇員往往更有動力，并能提出創新想法。但是，當他們與公司之外的個體進行溝通時，他們的積極性和主動性就會降低。
??在研究的第二部分，我發現76%的使用社交媒體工作的員工會對他們在社交媒體上發現的其他公司感興趣。(49)當我調查這些受訪者如何表達對于新職業和新雇主的接受度，我發現他們都曾經參與了諸如搜索新公司或是建立新的工作關系等關鍵性活動。
??這些發現將管理者們置于兩難境地：工作中使用社交媒體的員工會更投入、更高效，但是他們也更有可能離開你的公司。管理者們應該采取一些解決措施以抵消掉社交媒體帶來的挽留風險。
??他們可以創建社交媒體群，雇員在其中更有可能進行協作，而不太可能分享離職意向或是討論外部的工作機會。(50)管理者們也可以運用社交媒體通過認可員工的工作成果并宣傳他們的成功故事的方式直接減少員工跳槽的意圖。

2022-06-02-46.—推理判斷題—難—沒關鍵詞—由“82%”推出“Most”

46. What does previous research about social media reveal?【原文：Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.】
    A. Most employees think positively of it.
    B. It improves employees’work efficiency.
    C. It enables employees to form connections.
    D. Employees spend much of their work time on it.

46. 之前關于社交媒體的研究揭示了什么？
A.大多數員工對此持積極態度。
B.提高員工的工作效率。
C.它使員工能夠建立聯系。
D.員工花費大量的工作時間在這上面。

46.【定位】由題干中的previous research定位到首段第二、三句。

A 【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，研究表明，82% 的雇員認為社交媒體能夠改善工作關系，60%的員工認為它能夠輔助決策過程。這些觀點導致大部分員工運用社交媒體與同事進行溝通，甚至在工作時間也是如此。定位句中提到了社交媒體給工作帶來的各種好處，可以看出員工們對此持積極的態度，故答案選A。

【避錯】定位句中提到社交媒體的好處包括：社交媒體能夠改善工作關系，能夠輔助決策過程，B 是作者下文的研究得出的結論，不是之前的研究發現，故排除。C 是根據第一段第二句中 social media can improve work relationships 和第四段最后一句中making new work connections 設置的干擾，社交媒體與工作關系有關，但只是研究中的部分觀點，不足以概括研究的結論，而第四段中的觀點是作者研究中提出的，不是之前的研究發現，故排除。文中雖然提到員工們會在工作時間運用社交媒體進行工作溝通，但是表達積極的含義，D 的含義較為消極，故排除。

2022-06-02-47.—推理判斷題—難—關鍵詞不認識“retention n. 保持，保留；保存，存放；保持力，持續力；記憶力；（熱量的）阻滯，（液體的）潴留；（對物質的）吸收和保持”，同義替換“retention”替換為“loyalty”

47. What did the author’s own research find about social media?【原文：Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.】
    A. It influences employees’work negatively.
    B. It does much harm to employee loyalty.
    C. It kills employees’motivation for work.
    D. It affects employers’decision-making.

47. 關于社交媒體，作者自己的研究發現了什么？
A.對員工的工作有負面影響。
B.這對員工的忠誠度有很大的傷害。
C.它扼殺了員工的工作動力。
D.影響雇主的決策。

47.【定位】由題干中的 the author’s own research定位到第二段第二、三句。

B【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，在對于一家醫療保健機構的277名員工的研究中，“我”發現這種擔心是錯誤的。社交媒體對于工作效率降低的影響還沒有它對員工留存率低的影響大。由此可知，社交媒體的使用會導致員工離職率的增加，員工的忠誠度會下降，故答案為B。

【避錯】由定位句可知，作者的研究結論顯示了社交媒體對工作效率低的影響不及對留存率低的影響，并未提到其對工作、員工的工作動力和員工決策的影響，故排除A、C和 D。

2022-06-02-48.—細節辨認題—難—選項D符合“句子倒裝”和“出現多個關鍵字”兩個變形因素，強干擾項

48. What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?【原文：I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.】
    A. Itdiffers from employee to employee.
    B. It tends to vary with the platform used.
    C. It has much to do with whom employees interact with.
    D. It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders.

48. 作者在他的研究中發現了在線社交互動的什么影響？
A.每個員工都不一樣。
B.它往往隨所使用的平臺而變化。
C.這與員工與誰互動有很大關系。
D.員工與外界的互動很難衡量。

48.【定位】 由題干中的 the effect of online social interactions 定位到第三段第三、四句。

C 【精析】細節辨認題。定位句指出，“我”發現那些 通過社交媒體與同事進行在線社交互動的雇員往 往更有動力，并能提出創新想法。但是，當他們與公司之外的個體進行溝通時，他們的積極性和主動性就會降低。由此可知，作者在研究中發現，員工們在使用社交媒體時，對于不同的溝通對象會呈現出不同的反應，故答案為 C。

【避錯】文中沒有對員工之間或平臺之間進行比較，故排除A 和 B。第三段第四句提到員工與公司外部的個體進行溝通時，積極性和主動性會降低，下文也提到通過社交媒體與外部公司或個人建立聯系，可能會導致員工離職，但是沒有提到關于員工與外部關系的衡量問題，故排除D。

2022-06-02-49.—細節辨認題—易—定位容易，句子讀懂，由“but they are also more likely to leave your company”推出選項B

49. What problem was found with employees using social media for work?【原文：These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.】
    A. They seldom expressed their inner thoughts.
    B. Most of them explored new job opportunities.
    C. They were reluctant to collaborate with others.
    D. Many of them ended with lower productivity.

49. 員工在工作中使用社交媒體有什么問題？
A.他們很少表達自己的內心想法。
B.他們中的大多數人尋找新的工作機會。
C.他們不愿意與他人合作。
D.許多企業的生產率都很低。

49.【定位】由題干中的 using social media for work 定位到第四段第二句。

B【 精析】細節辨認題。定位句提到，當“我”調查這 些受訪者如何表達對于新職業和新雇主的接受度 時，“我”發現他們都曾經參與了諸如搜索新公司 或是建立新的工作關系等關鍵性活動。由此可知，在工作中使用社交媒體時，大部分員工都會探索新的工作機會，故答案為B。

【避錯】文中沒有提到員工是否表達內心想法的問題，故排除A。第一段提到82%的雇員認為社交媒體能夠改善工作關系，大部分員工運用社交媒體與同事進行溝通，甚至在工作時間也是如此，沒有提到不愿意與他人協作，故排除C。第一段最后一句指出，社交媒體對于工作效率降低的影響還沒有它對員工留存率低的影響大，言外之意是對工作效率影響不大，故排除D。

2022-06-02-50.—細節辨認題—難—三個選項有原詞復現，需要排除，結果選了一個沒有原詞復現的，其他三個有原詞復現都是陷阱

50. What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk?【原文：Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.
    ??They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover(跳槽) intentions,by recognizing employees’accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.】
    A. Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments.
    B. Create opportunities for employees to share success stories.
    C. Acknowledge employees’achievements through social media.
    D. Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media.

50. 作者建議管理者如何消除人才流失風險？
A.根據員工的成就給予晉升。
B.為員工創造分享成功故事的機會。
C.通過社交媒體表彰員工的成就。
D.鼓勵員工提高自己在社交媒體上的知名度。

50.【定位】 由題干中的neutralize the retention risk 定位到最后一段最后一句。

C 【 精析】細節辨認題。定位句指出，管理者們也可以運用社交媒體通過認可員工的工作成果并分享他們的成功故事的方式直接減少員工跳槽的意圖。由此可知，作者建議管理者可以通過社交媒體認可員工的工作成果來降低離職風險，故答案為 C。

【避錯】文中沒有提及給員工晉升機會，故排除A。B 是根據定位句中 giving visibility to employees’success stories 設置的干擾項，D 是根據定位句中的個別詞匯 visibility 設置的干擾項，文中是指管理者通過社交媒體分享員工的成功故事，而非讓員工自己分享成功故事，也沒有提到讓員工在社交媒體上增加曝光度，故排除B 和 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

??In the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.
??The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living,breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.
??Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to "transform"education overnight.But online education does not allow ateacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help.Educational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom.In their first 18 years of life,American children spend only 9%of their time in school.Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently “remote”.
??The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity ofthe people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.

??(51-1)在即將到來的教育預算削減時代，遠程教育可能會成為常態。
??對那些負責教育預算的人來說，把教師換成技術的誘惑是如此強烈，以至于他們忽視了遠程學習的缺點。學校設施的建造和維護成本高昂，教師的雇傭成本也很高。(51-2)在線課程不需要教學樓，而且每一節課可同時容納數百人，從而節省了更多的資金。因此，對那些更關心預算而不是學習的人來說，遠程教育的誘惑增加了。但是，從一個有活生生的、會呼吸的人每天教學并與學生互動的傳統課堂中脫離出來，將是一場災難。(52)去學校上課有潛在的好處：每天早上起床、與同齡人互動、和老師建立關系是年輕人需要培養的基本技能。此外，學校應該不僅僅是簡單的傳統學習機構。它們現在是提供飯食的地方。 它們是學生接受輔導和其他方面幫助的地方。
??這些政策制定者經常被最新的教育技術及其在一夜之間“徹底改變”教育的潛力所吸引。(53)但在線教育無法讓老師在課后留下一個學習困難的學生，并提供幫助。教育視頻可以傳遞學術內容，但它們無法與學生進行眼神交流，也無法評估學生的投入程度。遠程教育永遠無法與傳統課堂上的個人教學相匹敵。在美國兒童生命的前18年里，他們只有9%的時間在學校度過。(54)然而，教師被期望將他們培養成負責任的公民，培養他們的社交技能，鼓勵他們成功地管理時間，并增強他們在日益嚴峻的勞動力市場中蓬勃發展的能力。考慮到這些期望，學校不應該變得一直“遠程”。
??(55) 課堂的力量根源于在同一地點、同一時間聚集在一起的人們的人性。個人教學是老師向學生展示一條更高遠的路徑，是年輕人一起經歷的過程。技術，無論多么先進，都應該只是一個好老師的工具。

2022-06-02-51.—推理判斷題—難—定位難，沒有原詞復現找答案難

51. What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm?【原文：In the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.
    ??The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.】
    A. Advances in education technology.
    B. Shrinking financial resources.
    C. Shortage of school facilities.
    D. Lack of qualified teachers.

51. 遠程學習可能成為常態的主要原因是什么？
A.教育技術的進步。
B.財政資源萎縮。
C.學校設施不足。
D.缺乏合格的教師。

51.【定位】由題干中的 distance learning could become the norm 定位到第一段。
B【精析】推理判斷題。第一段指出，在即將到來的教育預算削減時代，遠程教育可能會成為常態。第二段前三句提到，遠程學習可以節省建造和維護學校設施的成本以及人力成本，這對負責教育預算的人非常有吸引力。由此可見，遠程學習可能成為常態的主要原因是教育預算的削減，即財政資源的縮水，故答案為 B。
【避錯】第三段第一句提到，這些政策制定者經常被最新的教育技術及其在一夜之間“徹底改變”教育的潛力所吸引，但并不能由此推出教育技術的進步是遠程教育可能成為常態的主要原因，由此可以排除A 。第二段第二句提到，學校設施的建造和維護成本高昂，教師的雇傭成本也很高，但并未提及學校設施不足和缺乏合格的教師，由此可以排除C 和 D。

2022-06-02-52.—細節辨認題—易—同義替換—“building relationships with teachers”替換為“Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers”

52. What does the author say is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?【原文：Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.】
    A. Developing the habit of getting up early.
    B. Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.
    C. Growing into living and breathing human beings.
    D. Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.

52. 作者認為學生上學的一個可能的好處是什么？
A.養成早起的習慣。
B.飲食營養均衡。
C.成長為活生生的人。
D.培養與同學和老師的關系。

52.【定位】 由題干中的 benefit 和 attending schoolphysically 定位到第二段倒數第四句。

D【精析】細節辨認題。定位句提到，去學校上課有潛在的好處：每天早上起床、與同齡人互動、和老師建立關系，由此可知，去學校上課能培養與同齡人和老師的關系，故答案為 D。

【避錯】定位句提到，去學校上課的一個潛在好處 是可以讓學生每天早上起床，并不能由此推出去 學校上課可以讓學生養成早起的習慣，A 是過度推斷，故排除。第二段倒數第二句提到，學校現在是提供飯食的地方，但沒有說學生去學校上課可 以吃到營養均衡的食物，B的表述錯誤，故排除。 第二段第四句提到，在傳統課堂中，有活生生的、會呼吸的人每天教學并與學生互動，但不能由此 推出學生去學校上課的好處是可以成長為活生生 的人，故排除C。

2022-06-02-53.—推理判斷題—易—由原文多處否定，推出選“disadvantages”

53. What does the author think of the latest technology in education?【原文：Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to “transform” education overnight.But online education does not allow ateacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help.Educational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom.In their first 18 years of life,American children spend only 9%of their time in school.】
    A. It may havepotential disadvantages.
    B. It may render many teachers jobless.
    C. It may add to students’financial burden.
    D. It may revolutionize classroom teaching.

53. 作者對最新的教育技術有什么看法？
A.它可能有潛在的缺點。
B.它可能使許多教師失業。
C.這可能會增加學生的經濟負擔。
D.它可能會徹底改變課堂教學。

53.【定位】 由題干中的 the latest technology in education定位到第三段。

A 【精析】推理判斷題。定位段第二至四句指出，在線教育無法讓老師在課后留下一個學習困難的學 生，并提供幫助。教育視頻可以傳遞學術內容，但無法與學生進行眼神交流，也無法評估學生的投入程度，遠程教育永遠無法與傳統課堂上的個人教學相匹敵。由此可見，作者認為最新的教育技術也存在潛在的缺點和不足，故答案為A。

【避錯】文中沒有提到最新的教育技術會導致許多教師失業的問題，故排除B 。C 是由第二段中的education budgets 和 expensive 設置的干擾，但文中是指整體的教育預算和學校設施的建造和維護成本高昂，沒有提到學生個人的經濟負擔問題，故排除C。 第三段第一句提到，這些政策制定者經常被最新的教育技術及其在一夜之間“徹底改變”教育的潛力所吸引。但文章中的 transform 加了引號，暗示作者并不認為最新的教育技術可以在一夜之間徹底改變教育，故排除 D, 另外，D 的表述與文章的主旨“遠程教育技術無論多么先進，都無法取代傳統課堂”相悖，也可由此排除。

2022-06-02-54.—推理判斷題—想太多反而覺得選項D是錯的，因為原詞復現第一個單詞就是

54. What does the author say teachers are expected to do? 【原文：Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.】
    A. Enhance students’leadership capacity.
    B. Elevate students to managerial positions.
    C. Enable students to adapt to the changes in life.
    D. Prepare students to be competitive in the future.

54. 作者說老師應該做什么？
A.提高學生的領導能力。
B.提升學生到管理崗位。
C.使學生適應生活的變化。
D.培養學生在未來的競爭力。

54.【定位】由題干中的 teachers are expected to do 定位到第三段倒數第二句。
D 【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，教師被期望將學生培養成負責任的公民，培養他們的社交技能， 鼓勵他們成功地管理時間，并增強他們在日益嚴峻的勞動力市場中蓬勃發展的能力。由此可見， 教師應當培養學生在未來的競爭力，故答案為 D。

【避錯】由定位句可知，教師被期望將學生培養成負責任的公民，培養他們的社交技能，鼓勵他們成 功地管理時間，并未提到教師應該提高學生的領導能力，也未提及教師要將學生提升到管理職位，A 和 B是對定位句意思的曲解，均可排除。C是根據定位句中的 increasingly harsh 設置的干擾項，干擾性較強，考生容易誤選，但要記住閱讀理解是根據原文內容的合理推斷，文章并未提及讓學生適應生活的變化的問題，只是說學生需要為日益嚴峻的競爭力市場做好準備，故排除C。

2022-06-02-55.—推理判斷題—易—原詞復現“Humanity”，再按常識推出是“lack缺乏”

55. Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher?【原文：Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently “remote”.
    ??The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity ofthe people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.】
    A. It lacks humanity.
    B. It is still immature.
    C. It cannot track students’growth.
    D. It cannot cater to personal needs.

55. 為什么科技不能取代一個好老師？
A.它缺乏人性。
B.還不成熟。
C.它不能跟蹤學生的成長。
D.它不能滿足個人需求。

55.【定位】由題干中的technology 和 a good teacher 定位到最后一段。

A 【精析】推理判斷題。定位段指出，課堂的力量根源于在同一地點、同一時間聚集在一起的人們的人性。技術無論多么先進，都應該只是一個好老師的工具。由此可見，技術不能取代一個好老師是因為技術缺少人性，A 中的 humanity 對應定位段第一句中的humanity，故答案為A。

【避錯】文章沒有提及技術還不成熟、無法跟蹤學生的成長和滿足個人需要的問題，故排除B、C、D 三項。